Heparanase overexpression impairs inflammatory response and macrophage-mediated clearance of amyloid-β in murine brain

Neuroinflammation is typically observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, as well as after traumatic injury and pathogen infection. Resident immune cells, microglia and astrocytes, are activated and joined by blood-borne monocytes that traverse the blood-brain barrier and convert into activated macrophages. The activated cells express various cytokines, chemokines and proteolytic enzymes. To study the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in neuroinflammation, we employed a transgenic mouse overexpressing heparanase, an endoglucuronidase that specifically degrades heparan sulfate side chains. Neuroinflammation was induced by systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide, or by localized cerebral microinjection of aggregated amyloid-β peptide, implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Lipopolysaccharide-treated control mice showed massive activation of resident microglia as well as recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain parenchyma. Microinjection of aggregated amyloid-β elicited a similar inflammatory response, albeit restricted to the injection site, which led to dispersion and clearance of the amyloid. In the heparanase-overexpressing mice, all aspects of immune cell recruitment and activation were significantly attenuated in both inflammation models, as was amyloid dispersion. Accordingly, an in vitro blood-brain barrier model constructed from heparanase-overexpressing cerebral vascular cells showed impaired transmigration of monocytes compared to a corresponding assembly of control cells. Our data indicate that intact heparan sulfate chains are required at multiple sites to mediate neuroinflammatory responses, and further point to heparanase as a modulator of this process, with potential implications for Alzheimer's disease.     

The comparison of the clinical manifestations and risk factors of colorectal cancer and adenomas: results from a colonoscopy-based study in southern Chinese

Background and aims  

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors in the world. This study aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and risk factors of CRC and adenomas in native patients of Guangzhou.     

限制性液体复苏孕兔失血性休克对肝功能的影响

目的:探讨限制性液体复苏孕兔失血性休克对肝功能的影响。方法:制备孕兔失血性休克模型,采取两种不同输液方法使失血性休克孕兔复苏,对比各组各时间点ALT的变化,观察处死后孕兔肝脏病理检查结果。结果:孕兔失血性休克后血清ALT增高,导致肝细胞功能损害;复苏后限制性输液(PLH组)和传统输液(PNL组)的ALT随着输液抢救逐步下降;在孕兔失血性休克模型的90、180、240min时,比较PLH组与PNL组血清ALT,见PLH组的ALT下降明显,两组有极显著差异(P<0.01),PLH组在4h时ALT值已达到正常水平。病理检查表明,假休克组的肝脏未发生明显的病理改变;休克未处理组肝脏结构破坏,充血肿胀、坏死;限制性输液组肝脏组织结构正常,有少量炎性细胞浸润;传统输液组肝脏结构基本正常,部分组织充血,大量炎性细胞浸润。结论:限制性输液能有效地保护肝细胞功能,减低谷丙转氨酶,减少肝脏病理损害,是抢救孕兔失血性休克的理想复苏方法。     

幼年粒单细胞白血病造血干细胞移植疗效初探

目的探讨造血干细胞移植治疗幼年粒单细胞白血病(JMML)的疗效。方法 5例JMML患儿接受无关供者脐血造血干细胞移植治疗。预处理均采用Bu/Cy+Mel+ATG方案:马利兰(0.8～1.0)mg/kg,每6小时1次共用16次(-8d～-5d);环磷酰胺60mg/(kg·d)用2d(-4～-3d);马法兰140mg/m2用1次(-2d):抗胸腺细胞球蛋白2.5mg/(kg·d)连用4d(-4～-1d)。GVHD预防采用CsA+MP±MMF。结果 5例成功植入,3例复发,1例复发后死于卡氏肺囊虫肺炎,1例死于CMV感染相关间质性肺炎,1例长期无病存活。结论 5例JMML移植初步治疗结果不满意,移植失败主要原因为白血病复发。为减少复发,今后需进一步改进移植方法 ,包括选择其他供体、改进GVHD预防方案。     

婴幼儿肾母细胞瘤23例临床病理学观察

目的 :研究肾母细胞瘤临床病理特征与治疗及预后关系 ,指导临床治疗。方法 :采用免疫组化及组织化学方法检测 2 3例肾母细胞瘤对 Keratin.EMA Vimentin.desmin.NSE的表达及粘液形成 ,并对患者的年龄、肿瘤的大小、间变及临床分期与生存期进行了比较分析。结果 :2 3例肾母细胞瘤中 ,含有上皮成分的 13例均表达 Keratin和 EMA;2 3例的胚基和间质成分均表达 Vimentin;有平滑肌和横纹肌分化的 5例均为 desmin阳性 ;有神经分化的 2例为 NSE表达 ;含有粘液成分的 17例为阿辛蓝染色阳性。 2 3例肿瘤其患者年龄大于 2岁者 ,肿瘤直径大于 10 cm,瘤细胞有间变者 ,临床分期为 期以上者 ,肿瘤组织无肾小管样分化者及有粘液形成者预后生存期短。结论 :肾母细胞瘤的年龄 ,肿瘤大小 ,临床分期 ,肿瘤有无间变 ,肾小管样分化及粘液成分是影响预后的主要指标 ,临床中参考这些指标指导治疗。     

Residues of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers and Their Distribution Characteristics in Soils in the Tianjin Area, China

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has a history of use in China. This paper presents the results of an investigation of HCH residue isomers and their distribution characteristics in soils near Tianjin, China. One hundred eighty-eight soil samples were collected from the Tianjin area. Four HCH isomers—-HCH, -HCH, -HCH, and -HCH—were detected using gas chromatography for all samples. Concentrations of the HCH ranged from 1.3 to 1095 ng g^–1, among which -HCH accounted for 52.5%. In addition, residues of HCH within Tianjins urban areas were found to be higher. No significant differences were found between the residues of HCH in soils from waste irrigation areas and those in other areas. Total organic carbon content was determined to impact the residue levels of HCH in soils, while pH value and clay content were not related to concentrations of HCH. In general, all HCH isomers in soil samples had abnormally high residue levels, possibly the result of continuous use of HCH in this area.     

基于真实世界的某院痰热清注射液临床应用情况及安全性分析

摘 要 目的：考察痰热清注射液上市后在真实世界中的临床应用情况及安全性。方法：对2014年8~11月南京市江宁区中医医院入院并使用痰热清注射液的患者进行真实世界研究,对患者基本情况、西医诊断及中医辨证、用法用量、安全性及药物利用情况进行统计分析。结果：痰热清注射液主要应用于肺炎、慢性支气管炎急性发作、急性支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病,中医辨证以痰热阻肺为主;使用过程中存在不辨证施治、稀释倍数低、联合用药不冲管、滴速快、合并用药多等不按说明书使用的情况;未观察到药品不良反应;存在超剂量使用的情况。结论：痰热清注射液在南京市江宁区中医医院临床应用中,存在不按说明书使用的情况,应正确使用痰热清注射液,保障患者用药安全。     

叶酸受体介导宫颈特殊染色法在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值

目的 探讨叶酸受体介导宫颈特殊染色法在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值.方法 选择2016年1月至12月1000例在本院妇科门诊就诊的患者,所有患者在妇科检查后均进行TCT检测、FRD检测,并对阳性患者进行阴道镜下活检,然后观察两种检测的诊断结果.结果 以病理检查为金标准,FRD检测的灵敏度为64.86％,特异度为53.19％,阳性预测值为52.17％,阴性预测值为65.79％;而TCT检测的灵敏度为56.76％,特异度为51.06％,阳性预测值为47.73％,阴性预测值为60.00％;FRD检测的灵敏度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值均高于TCT检测,差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 FRD在临床宫颈病变筛查中具有更高的灵敏度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值,基于其检测费用低,而且操作简单,适用于检测设备落后的偏远地区.     

改良B-Lynch缝合术联合欣母沛治疗宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果观察

目的 探究改良B-Lynch缝合术联合欣母沛治疗宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果.方法 选取2015年4月至2016年7月本院收治的剖宫产手术后宫缩乏力性产后出血患者90例,根据随机数表法分为两组,每组45例.对照组在常规止血的基础上实施欣母沛治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上实施改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗.记录两组患者产后2h、24 h出血量、产褥病发生率、并发症发生情况以及止血效果.结果 观察组产后2h出血量为(1 018.34±98.44) ml、24 h出血量为(503.42±26.98) ml,对照组产后2h出血量为(1 628.68±104.06) ml、24 h出血量为(769.02±28.22) ml,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);观察组止血有效率为97.78％,明显高于对照组的82.22％,观察组产褥病发生率为6.67％,低于对照组的24.44％,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);观察组患者产后总并发症发生率为8.89％,与对照组的28.89％相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用改良B-Lynch缝合术联合欣母沛治疗宫缩乏力性产后出血疗效显著,能有效减少出血量,降低产褥病和产后并发症发生率,止血较好,在临床应用中具有较高的推广价值.