Malaria-infected mice are completely cured by one 6 mg/kg oral dose of a new monomeric trioxane sulfide combined with mefloquine

Sixteen new anilide derivatives of the natural trioxane artemisinin were prepared and evaluated for antimalarial efficacy in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Of these 16 new anilides administered orally as one 6 mg/kg dose combined with 18 mg/kg mefloquine hydrochloride, only sulfide 3-arteSanilide 12d was completely curative: on day 30 after infection, all mice in this group had no detectable parasitemia, gained as much weight as the uninfected control mice, and behaved normally.     

Medicolegal claims following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the UK and Ireland

INTRODUCTION

The causes and outcomes of medicolegal claims following laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis of the experience of a consultant surgeon acting as an expert witness within the UK and Ireland (1990–2007).

RESULTS

A total of 151 claims were referred for an opinion. Sixty-three related to bile duct injuries and four followed major vascular injury. Bowel injury resulted in 17 claims. A postoperative biliary leak not associated with a bile duct injury was responsible for 25 claims. Other reasons for claims included spilled gallstones, port-site herniae, haemorrhage and other recognised complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twelve of the claims are on-going, two went to trial, 79 (52%) were settled out of court and 58 (38%) were discontinued after the claimants were advised that they were unlikely to win their case. Disclosed settlement amounts are reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Bile duct and major vascular injuries are almost indefensible. The delay in diagnosis and (mis)management of other recognised complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy have also led to a significant number of successful medicolegal claims.     

世界胃肠病学组织全球指南——发展中国家幽门螺杆菌感染

世界上有一半人口感染幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）,其感染率因地理位置、种族、年龄和社会经济状况不同而存在很大差异．在发展中国家较高．发达国家较低。但总体而言,近年世界许多地区的H．pylori感染率均呈下降趋势。     

Psychosocial impact of Von Hippel–Lindau disease: levels and sources of distress

Lammens CRM, Bleiker EMA, Verhoef S, Hes FJ, Ausems MGEM, Majoor‐Krakauer D, Sijmons RH, Luijt van der RB, Ouweland van den AMW, Van Os Tam, Hoogerbrugge N, Gomez‐Garcia EB, Dommering CJ, Gundy CM, Aaronson NK. Psychosocial impact of von Hippel–Lindau disease: levels and sources of distress. Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) is a hereditary tumor susceptibility syndrome, characterized by an increased risk of developing multiple benign and malignant tumors at various sites and ages with limited preventive options. This study evaluates the prevalence of distress among VHL family members and factors associated significantly with such distress. Forty‐eight families with a VHL mutation were identified via the nine family cancer clinics in the Netherlands. In total, 171 family members (carriers, 50% at‐risk, non‐carriers) were approached, of whom 123 (72%) completed a self‐report questionnaire. Approximately 40% of the VHL family members reported clinically relevant levels of distress, approaching 50% among the carriers and, possibly even more striking, 36% among the non‐carriers. Having lost a first degree relative due to VHL during adolescence (OR 11.2; 95% CI 1.4–86.9) was related significantly to heightened levels of distress. Approximately, only one‐third of those who reported heightened levels of distress had received professional psychosocial support. A substantial percentage of family members experience clinically relevant levels of distress. We would recommend the introduction of a procedure for screening for distress in this vulnerable population. Special attention should be paid to those individuals who have lost a close relative due to VHL during adolescence.     

Deep white matter infarction: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic findings

Focal and confluent areas of periventricular hyperintensity have been reported on magnetic resonance (MR) images in 30% of patients over 60 years of age. In order to better understand the pathologic basis of these lesions, the authors studied 14 formalin-fixed brains with MR imaging. Multiple focal areas of hyperintensity were identified in the periventricular white matter in three of the 14 brains studied (21%). Subsequent gross and microscopic pathologic examination of both hyperintense and normal-intensity areas was performed on 87 tissue sections. The larger lesions were characterized centrally by necrosis, axonal loss, and demyelination and therefore represent true infarcts. Reactive astrocytes oriented along the degenerated axons were identified at distances of up to several centimeters from the central infarct. This is called isomorphic gliosis and is associated with increased intensity on T2-weighted images that increases the apparent size of the central lesion.