一种改进的溶血素测定法

目的：改进溶血素测定方法。方法：在待测样品中加入Ｓｙｓｍｅｘ公司生产的快速溶血剂－Ⅱ,用半自动生化仪测Ｄ５４０,计算出样品半数溶血值ＨＣ５０。结果：用该方法测定联苯双酯、环磷酰胺和阿司匹林３种已知药物对绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）致敏小鼠产生溶血素的影响,分别为无作用、抑制和增强,与以往文献报道的结果一致。结论：改进的溶血素测定法操作简单省时,可以用于药物筛选和药效评价。     

粉刺净胶囊剂质量控制研究

采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的大黄、赤芍进行了定性鉴别 ;用消化—配位滴定法对硫酸锌进行了含量测定 ,方法简便 ,专属性及重现性好 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制指标。     

Lack of protection of ischaemic preconditioning in the rat model of major hepatectomy with ischaemia reperfusion injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IP) on residual liver regeneration after major hepatectomy without portal blood bypass in rats, and to verify whether it can protect the residual liver from ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: Ninety rats were randomized into three groups: Group PH, rats were subjected to 70% hepatectomy alone; Group IR, rats were subjected to 30 minutes of total hepatic ischaemia, and 70% hepatectomy was performed just before reperfusion; Group IP, rats were pretreated with IP (5/10 minutes). During the preoperative period and at 0.5, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the operation, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were measured using an autoanalyser. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Regenerated liver weight (RLW) of the rats was measured and the expressions of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were determined by immunohistochemistry in remnant liver tissue. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in serum AST and ALT levels in all the groups before the operation. After partial hepatectomy, AST and ALT levels increased rapidly. From 0.5 to 24 hours after operation, serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in IP group rats than in PH and IR rats (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum HA levels in all the groups before the operation. After partial hepatectomy, HA levels increased rapidly, reaching peak values at 12 hours. In the early stage (during 12 hours) after the operation, HA level was significantly higher in IP rats than in PH and IR rats (p < 0.05). The RLW of the rats rapidly increased after partial hepatectomy, and significantly decreased in IP rats compared with PH and IR rats (p < 0.05). Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression in all groups before the operation were low and were not significantly different. After partial hepatectomy, they rapidly increased. The expression of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 reached a peak at 24 hours after the operation in PH rats, and they were significantly higher compared with IR and IP rats (p < 0.05). In groups IR and IP, the expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 reached peak values at 48 hours. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed after 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion in group IP compared with groups PH and IR. CONCLUSION: IP impairs residual liver regeneration after major hepatectomy without portal blood bypass in rats, and protection from IR injury disappears. IP-induced hyperperfusion may be the cause of reduced liver regeneration.     

超声内镜和CT对食管癌术前分期的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜（EUS）和CT检查对食管癌术前分期的诊断价值。方法于2002年7月至2004年1月对51例食管癌手术患者行术前EUS和CT及术后病理检查，将EUS和CT分期结果和手术病理分期结果进行对照。结果（1）EUS检查T、N分期的准确率分别为82．4％（42／51）和88.0％（45／51）；CT检查T、N分期的准确率分别为52.9％（27／51）和51．0％（26／51）；EUS与CT联合检查T、N分期的准确率分别为86.3％（44／51）和90．2％（46／51）。（2）3种检查方式分期结果与病理分期结果的一致性统计结果：EUS检查T、N分期的Kappa分别为0．700（P〈0．001）和0．763（P〈0.001）；CT分别为0．275（P=0．002）和0．006（P=0.964）；EUS加CT则分别为0．769（P〈0.001）和0．801（P〈0.001）。（3）各组间差异的统计结果：EUS与CT比较，PT=0．001（X^2=10.079），PN〈0.001（X^2=16．730）；EUS加CT与EUS比较，PT=0.586（X^2=0．297），PN=0．750（X^2=0.102）。结论EUS对食管癌术前T、N分期诊断准确率较高，诊断价值优于CT；EUS与CT联合应用未能显著提高食管癌T、N分期的诊断准确率。     

可多华、戴芬联合治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆底疼痛综合征

目的 探讨可多华和戴芬联合治疗慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征的疗效。方法 将123例慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征的患者，随机分成3组，即可多华组、戴芬组和可多华＋戴芬联合治疗组，每组均治疗12周。治疗前以及在治疗12周后分别检测慢性前列腺炎症状积分指数（NIH—CPSI）。结果 有115名患者完成了12周的治疗并最终接受评估，可多华组39例，NIH—CPSI总分由治疗前的24．1&#177;2．2下降到治疗后的18．51&#177;1．67，平均下降5．59分（23％）（P〈0．001）；戴芬组37例，NIH-CPSI总分由治疗前的23．95&#177;2．17下降到治疗后的18．14&#177;1．69，平均下降5．81（24％）（P〈0．001）；可多华＋戴芬组39例，NIH—CPSI总分由治疗前的23．82&#177;1．72下降到治疗后的16．77&#177;1．37，平均下降7．05分（30％）（P〈0．001）。结论 可多华、戴芬均能有效缓解慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征患者的症状，改善患者的生活质量，但可多华＋戴芬联合治疗组疗效优于单一治疗组。     

先天性胫骨假关节（CPT）的超微结构

目的：深入了解先天性胫骨假关节（CPT）的病理变化、细菌类型及其病变来源。方法：取5例先天性胫骨假关节（CPT）标本中不同部位的组织20例,经固定、切片染色后置于透射电镜下进行观察。结果：（1）断端间组织及病变骨膜组织性质完全一样,均为致密纤维结缔组织,细胞成分多,主要为纤维母细胞、肌纤维母细胞及少量未分化细胞。（2）移行部位骨膜组织结构和病变处骨膜组织结构相似。（3）断端处骨质细胞稀少,部分骨细胞萎缩或坏死,部分骨细胞含有空泡,骨基质未见异常。（4）移行部位骨质未见明显异常表现。结论：（1）先天性胫骨假关节（CPT）是非神经起源的、而是起源于骨膜的一种细胞增生活跃的纤维增生性变;（2）肌纤维母细胞与CPT发病有关。     

BMP、IL- 1、IL- 6、TNF-α在先天性胫骨假关节中的表达

目的了解先天性胫骨假关节 (congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia， CPT)中骨形态发生蛋白 (bone morphogenetic proteins,BMP)、白细胞介素 1(interleukin－ 1,IL－ 1)、白细胞介素 6(interleukin－ 6,IL－ 6)、肿瘤坏死因子 (tumor necrosis factor,TNF－α )的表达，探讨它们在 CPT发病机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化方法对 24例 CPT患者的 25例病变骨膜标本中 BMP、 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α的表达水平进行检测。与正常骨膜 (10例 )，创伤性假关节 (traumatic pseudarthrosis， TP)骨膜 (20例 )和纤维瘤病组织 (10例 )对照。结果所有正常骨膜标本中 BMP染色均为阳性， TP骨膜中 8例标本 BMP染色阳性，而 CPT骨膜和纤维瘤病病变组织中未见 BMP染色阳性 ,与正常骨膜和 TP骨膜相比差异有显著性意义 (P< 0.05)；正常骨膜、 TP骨膜中未见 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α染色阳性，而 CPT骨膜和纤维瘤病病变组织中均有部分标本染色阳性，与正常骨膜及 TP骨膜相比差异有显著性意义 (P< 0.05)。结论 BMP、 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α的异常表达在先天性胫骨假关节发病中起重要作用。     

胰腺癌细胞survivin表达RNAi抑制载体的构建及其抑制作用的研究

目的构建胰腺癌细胞生存蛋白（survivin）表达的RNA干扰（RNAi）抑制载体，并研究其对survivin表达的抑制作用。方法用免疫荧光技术和RT-PCR检测胰腺癌细胞PANC-1中survivin及其mRNA的表达，并把survivin基因克隆到T载体进行测序；构建针对survivin缺失碱基基因和survivin基因的RNAi载体si-svv-1和si—SVV-2，用脂质体转染胰腺癌细胞PANC-1后，用RT—PCR、DNA梯状电泳及流式细胞术分析比较2种干扰载体对survivin mRNA表达的抑制情况和检测细胞凋亡。结果survivin在胰腺癌细胞PANC-1中高表达；si—svv-2对survivin mRNA的表达抑制率达（72．43&#177;8．04）％，而si—svv-1为0；si—svv-2能诱导胰腺癌细胞PANC-1的凋亡，72h细胞凋亡率达（12．36&#177;1．44）％。结论本研究成功建立胰腺癌细胞survivin表达RNAi抑制载体，该载体可特异有效地抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC-1survivin的表达并诱导胰腺癌细胞PANC-1凋亡。     

Infrequent delivery of a long-acting PTH-Fc fusion protein has potent anabolic effects on cortical and cancellous bone.

Skeletal anabolism with PTH is achieved through daily injections that result in brief exposure to the peptide. We hypothesized that similar anabolic effects could be achieved with less frequent but more sustained exposures to PTH. A PTH-Fc fusion protein with a longer half-life than PTH(1-34) increased cortical and cancellous BMD and bone strength with once- or twice-weekly injections. INTRODUCTION: The anabolic effects of PTH are currently achieved with, and thought to require, daily injections that result in brief exposure to the peptide. We hypothesized that less frequent but more sustained exposures to PTH could also be anabolic for bone, provided that serum levels of PTH were not constant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PTH(1-34) was fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 to increase the half-life of PTH. Skeletal anabolism was examined in mice and rats treated once or twice per week with this PTH-Fc fusion protein. RESULTS: PTH-Fc and PTH(1-34) had similar effects on PTH/PTHrP receptor activation, internalization, and signaling in vitro. However, PTH-Fc had a 33-fold longer mean residence time in the circulation of rats compared with that of PTH(1-34). Subcutaneous injection of PTH-Fc once or twice per week resulted in significant increases in bone volume, density, and strength in osteopenic ovariectomized mice and rats. These anabolic effects occurred in association with hypercalcemia and were significantly greater than those achievable with high concentrations of daily PTH(1-34). PTH-Fc also significantly improved cortical bone volume and density under conditions where daily PTH(1-34) did not. Antiresorptive co-therapy with estrogen further enhanced the ability of PTH-Fc to increase bone mass and strength in ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results challenge the notion that brief daily exposure to PTH is essential for its anabolic effects on cortical and cancellous bone. PTH-derived molecules with a sustained circulating half-life may represent a powerful and previously undefined anabolic regimen for cortical and cancellous bone.     

乳腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达及其与增殖细胞核抗原、微血管密度的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达及其与增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、微血管密度(MVD)及临床病理因素的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测乳腺纤维腺瘤、普通乳腺增生组织和乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α及PCNA蛋白的表达,用CD34单克隆抗体标记血管内皮细胞并计数MVD。结果HIF-1α蛋白在乳腺纤维腺瘤、普通乳腺增生组织中不表达;在乳腺导管内原位癌中表达阳性率为55.0%(11/20),浸润性乳腺癌中为85.0%(51/60);HIF-1α表达与淋巴结转移及雌激素受体状态有关(P<0.01)。乳腺癌中PCNA高表达率为75.0%(60/80),其中导管内原位癌中为65.0%(13/20),浸润性癌中为78.3%(47/60)。乳腺癌中HIF-1α表达与PCNA呈正相关(r=0.693,P<0.01),与导管内原位癌中MVD亦呈正相关(r=0.682,P<0.05),与浸润性癌中MVD无相关关系。结论HIF-1α在乳腺癌组织中的表达明显上调,与肿瘤细胞增殖、血管形成、淋巴结转移、雌激素受体状态相关,提示HIF-1α对乳腺癌的肿瘤细胞增殖、血管形成、生长和侵袭、转移起重要作用,有望成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。