Thromboelastography as a perioperative measure of anticoagulation resulting from low molecular weight heparin: a comparison with anti-Xa concentrations

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly used to prevent postoperative thromboembolism. Currently, there is no convenient test to measure the degree of anticoagulation from LMWH. This prospective study examines the relationship of thromboelastography and serum anti-Xa concentration in patients treated with enoxaparin. Twenty-four adult patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery using epidural anesthesia were enrolled. Epidural catheters were removed the morning after surgery before the commencement of subcutaneous enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily. Venous blood samples were obtained at 1) the induction of anesthesia (baseline), 2) immediately before the third dose of enoxaparin postoperatively (Day 2-trough), 3) 4 h after the third dose postoperatively (Day 2-peak), and 4) immediately before the fifth dose postoperatively (Day 3-trough). Whole blood samples were obtained for thromboelastography, activated clotting time, and anti-Xa level analyses at each of the four time intervals. At the four sample intervals, the r time (mean +/- SEM). (20 +/- 1, 25 +/- 2, 51 +/- 6, 31 +/- 3 mm) and the k time (9 +/- 0. 7, 12 +/- 1, 27 +/- 5, 14 +/- 2 mm) of the thromboelastograph were significantly correlated with the expected peak and trough levels of LMWH and serum anti-Xa levels (P: < 0.05). At the Day 3-trough, thromboelastograph r times exceeded the normal range in 6 of 25 patients (25%). Prolongation of r time and k time on postoperative Day 3 may indicate an exaggerated response to LMWH. Thromboelastography is a test that could potentially correlate with the degree of anticoagulation produced by low molecular weight heparin. Implications: Thromboelastography is a test that could potentially correlate with the degree of anticoagulation produced by low molecular weight heparin. The r time from the thromboelastogram correlates with serum anti-Xa concentration.     

高度近视眼LASEK治疗并发症53例

目的:探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(laserepithelialkeratomileusis,LASEK)手术并发症的类型、产生原因及处理方法。方法:应用LASEK治疗等效球镜为-7.25～14.50D的高度近视眼53例(106眼),对术中和术后产生的并发症进行相关原因分析。结果:LASEK术中并发症主要有上皮瓣剥离困难、破碎、游离、皱褶、局限性缺损等,术后并发症主要有角膜上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)、最佳矫正视力下降、屈光度回退、眩光、上皮瓣溶解等。结论:严格掌握LASEK的手术适应证,熟练掌握手术技巧和正确处理角膜上皮瓣的各种并发症是保证LASEK成功的关键。     

Suresight手持验光仪在儿童屈光检查的应用

目的探讨Suresight手持自动验光仪应用于儿童验光的准确性及其特点,为儿童屈光普查和流行病学调查寻找简便可行的验光方法.方法对89例患者(178眼),分别用Suresight手持验光仪进行自然状况下和使用阿托品后验光及散瞳检影验光.结果儿童屈光不正种类以远视性屈光不正为主(82.0%).Suresight手持验光仪与散瞳检影验光相比较,球镜度数:使用阿托品后手持验光仪与散瞳检影法检出的结果呈高度正相关(r=0.890);自然状况下手持验光仪与散瞳检影法检出的结果亦有相关性(r=0.591.).柱镜度数:使用阿托品散瞳后手持验光仪与检影法检出的结果呈高度正相关(r=0.950),自然状况下手持验光仪与散瞳检影法检出的结果亦呈高度正相关(r=0.910).手持验光仪比检影验光法散光的检出率高,但主要是≤0.75D的低度散光.柱镜轴向:手持验光仪在睫状肌麻痹状态下与视网膜检影法测定结果比较,轴向差值≤10°者占81.3%,自然状况下与视网膜检影法比较,轴向差值≤10°者占82.7%.结论Suresight手持验光仪对屈光普查和流行病学调查有较好的使用价值.     

2型糖尿病病程与视网膜病变的相关性

目的 :分析2型糖尿病 (T2DM)病程与糖尿病视网膜疾病 (DR)分期之间的关系。方法 :应用德国海堡眼底共聚焦激光扫描系统对102例T2DM病人进行眼底荧光造影检查 ,再由专家组进行DR的分期诊断 ,并结合病史 ,分析T2DM病程与DR分斯之间的关系。结果 :DM病程为≤5年组DR患病率为18 3 % ,DM病程为≥15年组DR患病率为71 2 %。结论 :DR的严重程度与糖尿病病程呈正相关。     

腹腔镜手术治疗中重度内膜异位症的术后用药

目的　探讨中重度内膜异位症腹腔镜手术治疗后 ,加用内分泌治疗的必要性以及副作用。方法　 1 9位患者术后不用药 (A组 )、 1 9例加用人工合成孕激素治疗 (B组 ) ,1 8例促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH -a)治疗 (C组 ) ,比较三组患者术后复发、妊娠结局及用药副作用情况。结果　A组 1 5 8%复发 ,B组2 6 3%复发 ,C组 1 7 0 %复发 ,三组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。三组不孕患者妊娠情况差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。B组 7例患者未完全闭经 ,C组全部闭经 ,B组及C组闭经时间分别为 (4 4 0± 2 3 7)d及 (4 0 0± 1 3 6 )d ,复潮时间分别为 (4 8 7± 2 6 6 )d及 (5 8 1± 1 7 4 )d ,两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但B组患者闭经及复潮的发生更加不确定。B组患者以高雄激素症状为主 ,5例患者服药后声音变低钝 ,C组患者以低雌激素所至围绝经期征候为主 ,均于停药后恢复。结论　对于有生育要求的患者 ,手术者若能彻底地清除盆腔内膜异位病灶 ,术后可不用药。 6～ 1 2个月后未妊娠者 ,考虑用药及助孕治疗。孕激素类药物使用前应充分交代该药的副作用 ,特别注意特殊职业的患者     

"糟得很"和"好得很"——聚焦企业医院转型中的高管心态

当转型后手中的权力即将随着医院剥离、重组而付之东流,能否做到泰山崩于前而不为所动?当新东家的到来将让你在所有同僚面前扬眉吐气,是否还能义正词严地拒绝他们的光荣策反?当进和退都意味着遭遇深渊,如何选择两种死亡中的任何一项必然?医院转型、重组、剥离对谁来说都不是一件轻松的事。在利益和权力的角逐中,有沧海横流的英雄本色,更有勾心斗角的人心真实……     

浅析我国台湾地区药害救济法及制度借鉴

目的 借鉴我国台湾地区的药害救济制度,探索我国大陆的药害救济制度.方法 详细解析我国台湾地区的药害救济法的立法背景、目的以及药害救济法的具体内容.结果与结论 这种制度对于我国大陆医药制度的改革和发展具有一定的借鉴和参照的价值.     

体外循环降温期不同氧分压对二尖瓣膜置换患者术后的影响

目的评价体外循环降温期不同的氧分压对二尖瓣置换患者术后的影响。方法75例二尖瓣置换术患者，按体外循环降温末期动脉血氧分压数，分成低氧组、常氧组和高氧组，记录体外循环结束后第1、8、16小时多巴胺用量。术后麻醉清醒时间和呼吸机辅助时间，同时记录患者的年龄、体重、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间和左室射血分数。结果体外循环术后第1小时内，常氧组多巴胺用量明显小于低氧组和高氧组（P〈O．05），术后第8小时，常氧组多巴胺用量明显小于低氧组（P〈O．05）。术后麻醉清醒时间和呼吸机辅助时问各组问无显著性差异。结论二尖瓣置换术体外循环降温期，常氧分压氧合有利于术后早期患者心功能恢复。     

脊柱结核的影像学诊断及临床病理分析

研究脊柱结核的影像学诊断价值,并探讨各型脊柱结核的临床病理特点.对156例经临床及病理证实且影像学资料完整的脊柱结核进行回顾性分析,比较其X线(或CR)、CT及MRI的影像学特点及符合率.结果显示①X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对脊柱结核诊断符合率分别为90.5%、96.2%及99.5%.②X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对椎体骨质破坏、椎间隙狭窄的敏感性分别为74.5%、89.9%及96.87%.③对椎旁软组织肿块和腰大肌脓肿、附件破坏及骨性椎管受累的显示,CT优于X线(和CR)片;对早期病变的显示及脊髓受累情况,MRI优于X线(或CR)及CT,有显著差异性(P＜0.01).④对死骨及钙化的显示CT优于X线(或CR)及MRI.认为X线(或CR)检查为诊断脊柱结核的基本方法,但对早期病变的显示有限度;CT显示早期微小的骨质破坏、死骨、脓肿、钙化及脓肿对椎管脊髓压迫明显优于X线;MRI可清晰显示硬膜外脓肿及脊柱后突畸形对脊髓的压迫和脊髓变性情况,尤其是对早期病变的诊断,有较高的敏感性和特异性,但对死骨及钙化不敏感.     

Treatment of human tumor xenografts with monoclonal antibody 806 in combination with a prototypical epidermal growth factor receptor-specific antibody generates enhanced antitumor activity.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 806 is a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody with significant antitumor activity that recognizes a mutant EGFR commonly expressed in glioma known as delta2-7 EGFR (de2-7 EGFR or EGFRvIII) and a subset of the wild-type (wt) EGFR found in cells that overexpress the receptor. We have used two human xenograft mouse models to examine the efficacy of mAb 806 in combination with mAb 528, a prototypical anti-EGFR antibody with similar specificity to cetuximab. Treatment of nude mice, bearing s.c. or i.c. tumor human xenografts expressing the wt or de2-7 EGFR, with mAbs 806 and 528 in combination resulted in additive and in some cases synergistic, antitumor activity. Interestingly, mAb 528 was also effective against xenografts expressing the ligand independent de2-7 EGFR when used as a single agent, showing that its antitumor activity is not merely mediated through inhibition of ligand binding. When used as single agents, neither mAbs 806 or 528 induced down-regulation of the de2-7 EGFR either in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, the combination of antibodies produced a rapid and dramatic decrease in the total cell surface de2-7 EGFR both in vitro and in xenografts. Consistent with this decrease in total cell surface de2-7 EGFR, we observed up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(KIP1) and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation as measured by Ki-67 immunostaining when the antibodies were used in combination in vivo. Thus, mAb 806 can synergize with other EGFR-specific antibodies thereby providing a rationale for its translation into the clinic.