食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理因素

目的 探讨食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理相关因素。方法 对204例食管癌根治标本进行统计,分析各主要临床病理改变与淋巴结转移关系。结果 204例食管癌中有淋巴结转移者89例,淋巴结转移率为43.6％。胸中段癌淋巴结转移率为48.0％,胸上段癌和胸下段癌的淋巴结转移率分别为32.0％和26.9％。髓质型和溃疡型淋巴结转移率分别为47.6％和56.0％,除缩窄型外其他类型转移率最高者为21.4％。男性患者淋巴结转移率为54.3％,女性淋巴结转移率为28.4％。浸润至黏膜层和黏膜下层者,未发现淋巴结转移,浸润至浅肌层、深肌层、纤维膜者淋巴结转移率分别为28.6％、45.6％和48.8％。以上四种因素中前后两者间比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移率与年龄无关,也不随肿瘤大小的增加而增加。结论 男性食管胸中段癌患者淋巴结转移率较高,尤其当肿物为髓质型和溃疡型时最为显著。     

Pulmonary tuberculosis in five young infants with nursery exposure: clinical, radiographic and CT findings

Clinical, radiographic (n = 5) and CT findings (n = 4) of five Korean infants ranging in age from 2 to 3 months with confirmed tuberculosis were retrospectively analysed. All of the patients were symptomatic, anergic to tuberculin, and had a positive culture of Myobacterium tuberculosis in gastric aspirates. The probable source of infection was the hospital in which they were born. CT scans demonstrated hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with central low attenuation and peripheral enhancement in all cases. CT may be useful in diagnosis by demonstrating characteristic adenopathy and disseminated disease in young infants. Received: 2 September 1997 Accepted: 23 April 1998     

茴香精油及其成分影响因素的研究进展

精油的量及其成分比例是评价茴香质量的最重要因素。影响茴香精油量及其成分的因素主要有:1)遗传因素:茴香不同亚种与变种精油量及其成分不同;2)生理因素:茴香不同器官及其不同发育阶段精油的量和成分组成不同;3)生态因素:不同产地、不同水肥等栽培条件导致精油的量及其成分组成不同;4)贮藏因素:贮藏时间和条件影响茴香精油量及其成分;5)提取工艺:不同的提取方法乃至同一提取方法的不同参数组合,影响茴香精油量及其成分组成。     

金属支架联合立体定向适形放疗治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的评价金属支架联合立体定向适形放疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效。方法31例肝门部胆管癌患者行金属支架置入联合立体定向适形放疗,并与23例行单纯支架治疗者进行对比研究。结果联合治疗组生存时间平均为11.1个月;对照组为5.1个月,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论胆道金属支架置入联合立体定向适形放疗是不能手术肝门部胆管癌的一种有效治疗方法。     

综合治疗卒中后肩手综合征26例

肩手综合征是卒中后常见并发症,目前临床对本病无特效治法.笔者采用针刺、点刺放血、中药内服与熏洗,配合自助性康复训练的综合方法治疗本病患者26例,总有效率达84.5%.     

Differential regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the rat hippocampus following transient global ischemia

To investigate a potential role of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in transient global ischemia, we have studied the postischemic regulatory changes in the expression of CNTF and its receptor, the ligand-binding alpha-subunit (CNTFRalpha). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated CNTF levels were slightly upregulated already during the first day after ischemia and then increased markedly by more than 10-fold until 2 weeks postischemia. Immunoreactivity for CNTF became detectable 1 day after ischemia and was localized in reactive astrocytes. The intensity of the immunolabeling was maximal in CA1 during the phase of neuronal cell death (days 3-7 postischemia) and in the deafferented inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Upregulation of CNTF expression was less pronounced in CA3 and absent in the stratum lacunosum moleculare and the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and thus did not simply correlate with astroliosis as represented by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). As shown by in situ hybridization, expression of CNTFRalpha mRNA was restricted to neurons of the pyramidal cell and granule cell layers in control animals. Following ischemia, reactive astrocytes, identified by double labeling with antibodies to GFAP, transiently expressed CNTFRalpha mRNA with a maximum around postischemic day 3. This astrocytic response was most pronounced in CA1 and in the hilar part of CA3. These results show that CNTF and its receptor are differentially regulated in activated astrocytes of the postischemic hippocampus, indicating that they are involved in the regulation of astrocytic responses and the neuronal reorganizations occurring after an ischemic insult.     

经皮胆红素测量仪在早期正常新生儿黄疸监测中的应用

目的 :探讨经皮胆红素测量仪对早期新生儿黄疸动态观测及不同部位在动态观测中的实用价值。方法 :本院产科 2 0 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 4月出生 ,连续监测 5 d～ 7d的正常足月新生儿 174例。采用国产 JD- 1型经皮黄疸仪 ,生后第 1天开始每日晨间沐浴前进行测量 ,每次测量 4个部位 :前额眉间部 ,胸骨中部 ,小腿外侧中部 ,足心前 2 / 3部。结果 :测量值最高读数为 2 2 ,最低读数为 5 ,以额部读数 15为界定值判断黄疸发生率为 86 %。额部、胸部、小腿每日读数平均值从出生第 1天起逐渐上升 ,第 5天达高峰 ,而后缓慢下降。各部位读数第 90百分位数峰值依次为 19.75、18.97、16 .35、11.93。结论 :经皮胆红素测量仪对早期新生儿黄疸动态观测有良好的临床应用价值。额部黄疸出现最早 ,较适合于研究新生儿黄疸发生率 ;胸部曲线与额部平行 ,易于操作 ,重复性好 ,可作为测量的主要部位 ;小腿外侧中部可观测黄疸程度 ,了解新生儿高胆红素血症的发生情况     

P~(27kipl)和PCNA基因表达及与膀胱癌生物学行为的关系

目的 :研究 PCNA基因和 P2 7kipl基因与膀胱癌生物学行为关系。方法 :采用免疫组织化学方法检测 5 0例膀胱移行细胞癌 (TCC)中的 PCNA、P2 7kipl基因的表达 ,分析各检测指标与膀胱移行细胞癌分级、临床分期间的关系。结果 :PCNA指数 PI均数在膀胱移行细胞癌中为 (48.9± 2 1.6 ) % ,PI均数随膀胱癌的分期、分级升高而升高。 P2 7kipl基因的阳性表达率为 5 8.0 % (2 9/ 5 0 )。其阳性表达率随膀胱癌的分期、分级升高而降低。 P2 7kipl蛋白阳性组中 PI均数显著低于 P2 7kipl蛋白阴性组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :联合检测 PCNA和 P2 7kipl基因表达有助于更准确解释和描述膀胱癌的生物学行为。     

镀银导电纤维的制备和性能

对短切聚酯纤维进行化学镀银,制备了用于导电高分子材料的导电填料,探讨了氨水浓度、装载量及稳定剂对纤维化学镀银的影响。实验表明,φ=0.10的氨水有利于化学镀银;通过调整装载量,可提高纤维的增重量率和硝酸银的利用率;稳定剂的加入可阻止镀液自分解,但对包覆层的均匀性和致密性有影响。电性能测试表明,镀银纤维的体积电阻率可达3.35×1-0 3Ω.cm,以其作为导电橡胶填料,当含量为w=0.40时,其电阻率为1.54×1-0 1Ω.cm。     

线型和星型聚乙二醇-聚己酸内酯两亲嵌段共聚物聚集行为

分别以单甲氧基聚乙二醇和4臂聚乙二醇引发己酸内酯开环聚合制得线型和星型聚乙二醇-聚己酸内酯(PEG-PCL)两亲嵌段共聚物。IR1、H-NMR和GPC测试结果表明所合成的共聚物具有预期的结构。该PEG-PCL两亲嵌段共聚物中PEG组分具有结晶性。共聚物在水相中自组装形成聚集体,聚集体的水合直径小于50 nm。高浓度共聚物在水性介质中会发生凝胶-溶胶转变,在凝胶-溶胶转变温度以下,共聚物形成凝胶网状结构。共聚物中PEG组分的结晶性、在水相中生成的聚集体的水合直径以及凝胶-溶胶转变行为均与聚合物的组成以及分子形状密切相关。