Risk factors of wound infection after lung transplantation: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveThe incidence of incision infection after lung transplantation is prominently high which affect the prognosis. Summarizing the risk factors related to incision infection after lung transplantation contribute to the control of incision infection by pre-controlling the risk factors. The objective is to summarize risk factors related to wound infection after lung transplantation.MethodsPubMed was used to research the literature relating to the risk factors to incision infection after lung transplantation through 1990 to 2022. The retrieval strategy were Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms combined entry terms. Two researchers conducted the literature retrieval independently. Two researchers independently evaluate the quality of the literature and summarize the indicators.Key Content and FindingsA total of 98 researches were collected from PubMed and 8 articles described the related risk factors of incision infection after lung transplantation. All of the 8 articles were retrospective studies, of which 4 articles were grouped by the delayed chest closure (DCC) execution and the other 4 articles were grouped by the surgical site infection (SSI) occurred. Two articles performed multivariate regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of SSI after lung transplantation and the other 6 articles compared the SSI rate in different patients population. The integrated results showed that bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.ConclusionsBALs, smoking status, BMI, diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.     

Decreased expression of claudin-18.2 in alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer compared to conventional gastric cancer

BackgroundAlpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer (GC) with more aggressive biological behavior. As a highly specific tight junction component exclusively present in gastric mucosa and gastric adenocarcinomas, claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) has become an emerging target in GC. In this study, we aimed to provide insight into AFPGC and investigate the expression and the clinical implications of CLDN18.2 in AFPGC.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 98 cases of AFPGC and reviewed their clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features. Another 356 patients with stage-matched conventional GC (cGC) were enrolled as a control group. We further surveyed CLDN18.2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 51 AFPGC tissues and explained its association with the clinicopathological parameters of AFPGC.ResultsOur results showed that AFPGC was a unique GC type with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was a predictor of a worse prognosis. AFPGC showed typical morphological features and positive staining of at least 1 hepatocytic or enteroblastic marker. The expression rate of CLDN18.2 was low, with a positivity rate of 21.6%, which was much lower than that observed in cGC tissues (38.5%). A significant correlation was found between CLDN18.2 expression and the differentiation of AFPGC. CLDN18.2 expression was negatively correlated with the serum AFP level of AFPGC. We also found that AFPGC with a hepatoid type (HPT) component showed a significantly lower CLDN18.2 expression than those without.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that CLDN18.2 was significantly decreased in AFPGC and was negatively correlated with the patient’s preoperative serum AFP level. The negative correlation between AFP and CLDN18.2 could be explained by retro-differentiation of AFPGC. Special treatment strategies might be needed for this unique tumor type.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞和非淋巴细胞白血病诊断治疗

高怡瑾教授很荣幸邀请到Smith教授访问复旦大学附属儿科医院,并借此机会在上海医学会儿科学分会血液学组的学术活动中做儿童急性髓系白血病学术报告,Smith教授是美国辛辛那提儿童医院儿科学系教授,血液肿瘤科临床主任,并在美国儿童肿瘤协作组织(COG)担任儿童急性非淋巴细胞白血病(AML)临床试验组主席.以下是在征得Smith教授同意的情况下,根据这次学术活动中与其对话的部分内容整理而成,以飨读者.     

The upregulated intestinal folate transporters direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter (PCFT), which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats, mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles (FNP). Specifically, the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway, Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis, featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4% in the diabetic rats. Conversely, in cells with relatively low PCFT expression, the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP, and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes. Overall, we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway. This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.     

以黔南民族医专护理专业为例构建育人模式

近年来医专护理专业教学受到了广泛的重视,已经形成了良好的教育机制,在育人模式方面,也已经呈现出高标准、严要求的观念意识,有助于全面提升整体教育工作效果与水平。而"一个核心,两个对接,三个一体化"育人模式主要就是将学生的职业能力作为核心,实现教学标准与职业标准之间、学历证书与职业资格证书之间的对接,创建教学与工作内容、学习与工作流程、教学做一体化的教育形式,在一定程度上有助于形成良好的育人模式,针对于此,下文分析黔南民族医专护理专业的相关育人模式应用,提出几点针对性的建议,以此促使医专护理专业教学工作的良好发展与进步。     

医学高校师生对PBL的评价与期望对比研究

目的进行医学高校师生对PBL法的评价与期望对比研究。方法以某医学高校师生为研究对象,以问卷调查数据为基础,进行医科院校师生对于现行PBL法的教学课堂评价与期望的对比研究。结果高校师生对PBL法的评价与期望存在部分差异,学生对该教学法的实施普遍期待,但超过半数学生不知道如何参与;部分教师表示其在实际操作中可能存在问题与局限;在激发学生学习兴趣与主动性方面,几乎所有教师都认同该教学方法,但大部分学生却怀有不确定或中立态度。尽管存在差异,但师生们对PBL法提高学生自主学习能力等方面的优点都表现出一致性赞同。结论 PBL教学法在提高学生综合素质与课堂质量方面的显著成效符合新时期医学高校师生的期望,但也不能忽视其在实际操作中可能存在的困难与局限;教师可在今后传统课堂模式中逐渐融入PBL教学法,在实践中加以改良,达到高效完成课堂教学的目的。     

逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流的实验研究

目的 :建立新西兰大白兔隐动静脉逆行岛状皮瓣实验模型 ,探讨静脉逆向回流的机制。方法 :对 5只新西兰大白兔解剖观察 ,建立隐动静脉逆行岛状皮瓣实验模型 ( 3 .0cm× 3 .0cm ,血管蒂长 3 .0cm )。将 10只兔的两侧后肢随机配对分为 2组 ,进行同体对照 ,每组 10个皮瓣。组 1保留隐动静脉血管鞘的完整 ,即保留静脉回流的“迷路”通道。组 2在手术显微镜下 (× 10 )将 3根血管相互分开 ,各自游离 3cm ,即完全破坏静脉回流的“迷路”通道 ,但不损伤 3根动静脉血管。术中放松止血带后分别在 5、15、3 0和60min测定静脉压力 ,术后 10d测定皮瓣成活率 ,切取血管蒂做切片观察。结果 :放松止血带后 ,两组皮瓣的静脉压力均升高 ,约 15min达到高峰 ,后缓慢下降 ,约在 3 0min达到新的平衡。组 2在 3 0、60min的静脉压力均显著低于组 1(P <1.0 1)。但组 1皮瓣成活率 ( 94.5 % )与组 2 ( 10 0 % )无显著差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :在逆行岛状皮瓣中 ,瓣膜失活途径”较“迷宫途径”更容易实现静脉血的逆流。     

γH2AX在HPV16阳性宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨γH2AX在HPV16阳性宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及意义.方法 对74例宫颈鳞癌组织通过DNA提取,PCR检测,分析HPV的感染情况并筛选HPV16阳性宫颈癌组织;进而对HPV16阳性的宫颈癌石蜡组织连续切片HE染色明确组织型别,进行HPV16 DNA原位杂交检测HPV定位、免疫组化检测γH2 AX和p16蛋白的表达;最后选取30例典型的包括从正常宫颈组织、宫颈上皮内瘤变到宫颈原位癌渐变的组织切片,对比HPV DNA定位与γH2 AX和p16蛋白的表达,分析γH2 AX作为HPV感染导致宫颈癌发生过程中生物标记物的可行性.结果 经PCR扩增证明HPV感染率为98.65％,HPV16是最常见的型别占74.32％;原位杂交结果显示正常宫颈组织和CIN Ⅰ检测不到HPV16 DNA的存在,CINⅡ中HPV主要为游离型存在,随着宫颈病变的加重,HPV16 DNA逐渐出现整合形式;p16和γH2AX的表达均随着宫颈上皮病变级别的增加其阳性表达率增高,HPVDNA和γH2AX的表达均以颗粒细胞层和棘细胞层为主,定位具有一致性,HPV DNA和p16的表达定位不具有一致性.结论 γH2AX作为DNA损伤激活的重要蛋白,可作为HPV16感染致宫颈癌发生过程中的生物标记物.     

利用大众传播加强医院宣传工作的策略

医院宣传通常采取大众传播和人际传播两种方式。由于大众传播具有广泛性、及时性、高效性和较强的渗透性等特点,得到了医院管理者的普遍重视。而＂走出去＂＂迎进来＂和＂自造新闻＂三种宣传策略,将有助于医院利用大众传播扩大知名度、打造特色品牌。