超声内镜检查在食管癌术前临床分期的应用价值

背景与目的:食管癌术前临床分期对选择合理治疗方案至关重要,超声内镜(endoscopicultrasonography,EUS)对食管癌T、N分期诊断准确率高,目前已成为国外食管癌治疗前的常规诊断方法。本研究对食管癌超声内镜检查与手术病理结果进行对照研究,以评价其在食管癌术前临床分期中应用价值。方法:对72例食管癌患者行术前EUS检查及术后病理检查,按UICC(1997)TNM分期标准分期,将EUS分期结果和手术病理分期结果进行对照研究。结果:食管癌术前EUS检查T、N分期的诊断准确率分别为80.6%(58/72)、88.9%(64/72)。T0期诊断准确率为50.0%(2/4),T1期为75.0%(3/4),T2期为70.6%(12/17),T3期为90.0%(36/40),T4期为71.4%(5/7);N0期诊断准确率为92.3%(36/39),N1期为84.8%(28/33),其中纵隔淋巴结和腹部淋巴结诊断准确率分别为90.0%和64.5%。EUST分期、N分期结果与病理分期结果有显著相关性(r=0.687,P<0.001;r=0.776,P<0.001)。EUS检查判断分期不准确的22例中,T分期14例,其中8例难以鉴别T2、T3;N分期8例,其中5例为难以鉴别炎性淋巴结和转移淋巴结。结论:EUS对食管癌术前T、N分期诊断准确率较高,其中对T3期食管癌和纵隔淋巴结诊断价值尤其高;准确鉴别T2和T3分期、转移淋巴结和炎性淋巴结及正确诊断腹部淋巴结转移是提高EUS诊断率的重点和难点。     

Quantitative determination of insulin entrapment efficiency in triblock copolymeric nanoparticles by high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid and effective isocratic chromatographic procedure was described in this paper for the determination of insulin entrapment efficiency (EE) in triblock copolymeric nanoparticles using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet/visible detector at low flow rate. The method has been developed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) using a mixture of 0.2 M sodium sulfate anhydrous solution adjusted to pH 2.3 with phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (73:27, v/v) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1) and a 214 nm detection. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, solution stability, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 2.0-500.0 microg ml(-1), and the limits of detection and quantitation were 8 and 20 ng, respectively. The mean recovery of insulin from spiked samples, in a concentration range of 8-100 microg ml(-1), was 98.96% (R.S.D.= 2.51%, n = 9). The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 2.24%. The proposed method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, rapid isolation, high specificity and precision, which can be used for direct analysis of insulin in commercially available raw materials, formulations of nanoparticles, and drug release as well as stability studies.     

Inhibition of adipogenesis by RGD-dependent disintegrin

Adipogenesis plays a central role in obesity development. The processes of adipogenesis include migration, adhesion, proliferation and survival of preadipocytes and differentiation to mature adipocytes. Many of these biological functions are related to integrins. Here, we found that snake venom-derived arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-containing disintegrin inhibited adipogenesis. Rhodostomin but not rhodostomin RGD mutants (RGE-Rn and AKGDWN-Rn) caused the detachment of primary cultured preadipocyte. Furthermore, rhodostomin also inhibited focal adhesion of preadipocyte, including the inhibition of the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and FAK phosphorylation, assembly of vinculin and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. Cell viability of preadipocytes was decreased after rhodostomin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of flow cytometric analysis showed that rhodostomin induced cell apoptosis. In addition, chromatin condensation was observed in DAPI staining. The increase of Bax expression and activation of capsase-3 was detected following rhodostomin treatment. Addition of dexamethasone, IBMX and insulin induced differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes and treatment of cells with rhodostomin during the initial 3 days showed less mature adipocytes following 9-10 days of differentiating period. The triglyceride content and gene expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and leptin also decreased in response to the treatment of rhodostomin. These results suggest that disintegrin inhibits processes of adipogenesis and may be developed to treat obesity.     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌根治术后区域淋巴结微转移检出率与患者长期生存的关系

背景与目的:非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)根治术后常规病理学诊断无转移的区域淋巴结可通过免疫组织化学等方法检出微转移,其对预后可能产生影响.本研究检测NSCLC根治术后常规病理诊断无转移的区域淋巴结微转移,探讨微转移检出率与生存的关系.方法:收集我院1996年1月至2003年12月经根治术后常规病理证实为pT1～2NOMO的NSCLC 78例患者的肺门及纵隔淋巴结存检蜡块684份.选择广谱抗细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin, CK)抗体AEl/AE3,采用EnVision二步法检测CK的表达,结合临床资料分析其与预后的关系.结果:微转移检出率为26.9%(21/78),其中p- Ⅰ A、p- ⅠB期患者的检出率分别为5.9%(1/17)、32.8%(20/61).非微转移病例的1、3、5、8年生存率、中位生存期分别为90.80%、69.70%、55.76%、37.17%、87个月.微转移病例分别为60.00%、48.48%、29.09%、O.00%、23个月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008).Cox回归分析表明CK、KPS为影响NSCLC患者生存的独立因素(P=0.014,P=0.000).术后放化疗组对比单纯手术组,放化疗干预有利于延长生存时间,但无统计学意义(P=0.063).结论:NSCLC淋巴结微转移可能随病情进展检出率增加,淋巴结微转移与患者长期生存相关.     

IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS

Using humoral immunity (gamma-globulin 18 cases, IgG, IgA, IgM each 30 cases, CH50, C3, C4 each 29 cases and CIC 31 cases), cellular immunity (E-RFC 68 cases, As 30 cases, SmIg, SmIgG each 18 cases, IMIT 30 cases) and immunopathological manifestations (light microscope, fluorescence microscope, transmitted electron microscope each 7 cases) as indices, we studied the immunological changes of "progressing", "remittent" and "stabilized" groups of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) in different stages. Humoral immunity indicated that gamma-globulin, immune complex and IgG were all increased; cellular immunity indicated that the rate of T cells and suppressor cells was declined, while that of B cells was elevated. Immunopathologically, under light microscope all the layers of involved vessels were infiltrated with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes; under fluorescence and electron microscope, immune complexes were found in the involved vessel walls. Our preliminary results suggest that TAO is an autoimmune disease relevant to antigen-antibody complex.     

40岁以下青年人肺癌的临床病理特征和预后

目的　探讨 <4 0岁青年人肺癌的临床病理特征及预后 ,并与≥ 4 0岁的中老年人肺癌进行比较。方法　对 12 9例青年人肺癌 (青年组 )以及随机选择的 14 0例中老年人肺癌 (中老年组 )进行回顾性分析 ,比较两组临床病理特征和生存期。结果　青年组与中老年组相比 ,青年组女性患者比例高 (P =0 .0 37) ,平均症状持续时间长 (4 .7个月 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,误诊率高 (6 5 .1% ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,平均误诊时间长 (5 .6个月 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,以腺癌为主要病理类型 (5 4 .3% ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,癌细胞分化差 (6 9.5 % ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,诊断时晚期多 (74 .4 % ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,接受综合治疗的比例高 (94 .6 % ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,因远处转移而致治疗失败者的比例高 (6 4 .7% ,P =0 .0 2 )。两组总的中位生存期和 5年生存率差异无显著性 (P =0 .2 889) ,但Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期中 ,青年组中位生存期及 5年生存率优于中老年组 (P =0 .0 4 95 )。两组肿瘤家族史及吸烟史差异无显著性。结论　青年人肺癌的临床病理特征明显不同于中老年人肺癌 ,但生存期相似。将青年人肺癌定义为“青年型肺癌”有临床实际意义。     

Pathogenic alteration in severe burn wounds

The present study aims to define the trend of time related changes with local bacterial alteration of bacterial resistance in severe burns in our burn center during a 12-year period. Retrospective analysis of microbiological results on severely burned wounds between 1998 and 2009 was carried out. A study of 3615 microbial isolates was performed. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated pathogen (38.2%) followed by A. baumannii (16.2%), Streptococcus viridans (11.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.4%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 9.2%). The species ratios of S. aureus and A. baumannii increased significantly from 1st to 8th week of hospitalization, while those of Streptococcus viridans, P. aeruginosa and coagulase-negative staphylococci decreased during the same period. Bacterial resistance rates were compared between the periods 1998-2003 and 2004-2009. Vancomycin remained as the most sensitive antibiotic in S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). It was very likely that the majority of infections caused by Streptococcus viridans, P. aeruginosa and coagulase-negative staphylococci occurred in the early stage of burn course and the majority of infections caused by A. baumannii occurred 4 weeks after admission. The use of different antibiotics was probably the major contributor to these trends.     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

A Study of the Mechanism of Yinzhihuang（菌栀黄）Injection in the Treatment of Infantile Hepatitis Syndrome

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