全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7211篇 |
免费 | 248篇 |
国内免费 | 1642篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 75篇 |
儿科学 | 178篇 |
妇产科学 | 105篇 |
基础医学 | 1055篇 |
口腔科学 | 114篇 |
临床医学 | 482篇 |
内科学 | 1423篇 |
皮肤病学 | 54篇 |
神经病学 | 385篇 |
特种医学 | 190篇 |
外科学 | 826篇 |
综合类 | 1917篇 |
现状与发展 | 6篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 367篇 |
眼科学 | 311篇 |
药学 | 632篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 208篇 |
肿瘤学 | 769篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 50篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 1035篇 |
2011年 | 1116篇 |
2010年 | 229篇 |
2009年 | 73篇 |
2008年 | 706篇 |
2007年 | 775篇 |
2006年 | 810篇 |
2005年 | 660篇 |
2004年 | 513篇 |
2003年 | 483篇 |
2002年 | 333篇 |
2001年 | 207篇 |
2000年 | 260篇 |
1999年 | 193篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 70篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 100篇 |
1988年 | 106篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 68篇 |
1985年 | 99篇 |
1984年 | 92篇 |
1983年 | 100篇 |
1982年 | 85篇 |
1981年 | 81篇 |
1980年 | 85篇 |
1979年 | 75篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有9101条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Effective induction of immune tolerance by portal venous infusion with IL-10 gene-modified immature dendritic cells leading to prolongation of allograft survival 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Zhang M Wang Q Liu Y Sun Y Ding G Fu Z Min Z Zhu Y Cao X 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2004,82(4):240-249
Dendritic cells (DC) not only initiate T cell responses, but are also involved in the induction of tolerance. The functional properties of DC are strictly dependent on their state of maturation. It has been shown that immature DC can induce immune tolerance and prolong allograft survival. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunosuppressive cytokine which inhibits maturation and function of DC. In order to improve the tolerogenicity of DC, we and others showed that adenovirus vectors can effectively mediate IL-10 genetic modification of DC, and IL-10 genetic modification can inhibit MHC II, B7.2, and CD40 expression, IL-12 secretion and the T cell stimulatory capacity of DC. The primary aim of this study is to examine the in vivo effects of this approach on allograft survival in a murine cardiac allograft transplantation model. To our surprise, we observed that infusion of immature DC genetically modified to express IL-10 (DC-IL-10) via the tail vein could not prolong allograft survival in the recipients, but shortened their survival. More interestingly, portal venous infusion of DC-IL-10 markedly prolonged allograft survival. The diverse effects of DC-IL-10 infusion through different routes may be due to the different immune responses to alloantigens in recipients that received DC-IL-10 via either the portal or the tail vein. Decreased cytotoxicity, polarization of Th2 response, poor T cell stimulating activity of liver DC and enhanced incidence of donor DC in the recipients may contribute to the more efficient prolongation of allograft survival observed after portal venous infusion of DC-IL-10. These results suggest that portal venous infusion may be an effective approach for immature DC to induce immune tolerance or hyporesponsiveness against donor antigens, and prolong allograft survival.Abbreviations
APC
Antigen-presenting cells
-
CTL
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
-
DC
Dendritic cells
-
DC-IL-10
IL-10 gene-modified immature dendritic cells
-
iDC
Immature dendritic cells
-
IL-10
Interleukin-10
-
MLR
Mixed leukocyte reaction
-
MOI
Multiplicity of infection 相似文献
62.
血管内皮生长因子反义基因转染对高转移人巨细胞肺癌细胞系生 … 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目的 探讨反义血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因转染在抑制恶性肿瘤生长和转移的抗肿瘤血管基因治疗中的意义。方法 利用基因重组技术构建正义和反义VEGF121 cDNA真核表达载体,用脂质体法转染高转移性人巨细胞肺癌细胞(PG),经Northem杂交和Western印迹免疫化学检测VEGF mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平,并对转染前后细胞进行体外生长和裸鼠体内生长转移等多项生物学行为实验,结果 转染反义转 相似文献
63.
Fu J Hato M Ohmae H Matsuoka H Kawabata M Tanabe K Miyamoto Y Leafasia JL Chinzei Y Ohta N 《Parasitology research》2000,86(5):345-351
We analyzed the relationships between levels of antibody specific for merozoite surface glycoprotein-1 (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical manifestations in humans. We prepared recombinant MSP1 proteins representing block 3 (M3), block 6 (M6), blocks
1–6 (M1/6), and block 17. When we divided the slide-positive individuals in Guadalcanal into symptomatic and asymptomatic
groups, the former group showed lower IgG levels against M6 and block 17, but not against M3, than did the asymptomatic group
(P < 0.01). The possibility of nonspecific suppression was unlikely, given that the levels of antibody against poliomyelitis
virus observed in the two groups were almost the same. Among the IgG subclasses tested, production of cytophilic IgG3 seemed to be dominant. When we analyzed epitopes recognized by antibodies against block 17, a peptide (SSSNFLGIS) was preferentially
recognized by sera from asymptomatic individuals. These results suggest that clinical symptoms occurring during falciparum
malaria seem to be associated with the development of levels of antibody against particular epitopes on MSP1, which is under
the control of an immunoregulatory mechanism.
Received: 1 October 1999 / Accepted: 21 October 1999 相似文献
64.
Synaptotagmin(Syt)constitutes a family of membrane-trafficking proteins,so far nearly 20 Syts have beendiscovered.Extensive work showed that synatotagmins were a potential Ca~(2+) sensor for regulated exocytosis.Thisstudy was to investigate the expression and location of synaptotagmin Ⅱ(Syt2)in RBL-2H3(RBL)and its role inregulating exocytosis of RBL.The expression of Syt2 in RBL was confirmed by Western blot.The recombinantexpression vector pEGFP-N1-Syt2 was constructed and transfected into RBL by electroporation,the stabletransfectant RBL-Syt2-S expressing fusion protein Syt2-EGFP were obtained and Syt2 was highly concentrated atplasma membrane with little detected in cytoplasm.To analyze the role of Syt2 during exocytosis of RBL,therelease of cathepsin D was assayed by immunoblotting.Compared with control,the release of cathepsin D byRBL-Syt2-S was markedly decreased.The results indicated that Syt2 played a negative regulation in exocytosis oflysosomes in RBL.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2005;2(3):205-209. 相似文献
65.
66.
Kadereit S Junge GR Kleen T Kozik MM Kaminski BA Daum-Woods K Fu P Tary-Lehmann M Laughlin MJ 《Journal of clinical immunology》2003,23(6):485-497
Regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells-c2 (NFATc2) gene expression is not clearly defined. We previously reported reduced NFATc2 protein expression in cord blood T lymphocytes. Here we show that NFATc2 expression in T cells is dependent in part on the presence of IFN-gamma during primary stimulation, as blocking of IFN-gamma blunted NFATc2 protein and mRNA upregulation. Conversely, addition of exogenous IFN-gamma during stimulation resulted in increased expression of NFATc2 in cord blood T lymphocytes. This correlated with rescue of deficient IFN-gamma expression by cord blood T cells. Rescue of IFN-gamma expression in cord blood T cells was dependent on the presence of antigen-presenting cells, as addition of IFN-gamma during stimulation of purified cord blood T cells did not result in an increase of IFN-gamma expression, and depletion of monocytes ablated the rescue of IFN-gamma expression. Our results point to impaired function in the antigen-presenting cell population of cord blood, playing a role in the hyporesponsiveness of T cells. 相似文献
67.
TIAN XU BU JING XIN HONG ZHI YAO JIE YANG Department of Immunology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin P. R. China Clinical Biochemistry Lab the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin P. R. China 《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志(英文版)》2006,4(4):313-317
Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process required for the expression of most metazoan genes. It is carried out by the spliceosome that catalyzes the removal of non-coding intron sequences to ligate exons into mature mRNA prior to transport and translation. The purpose of our study is to explore whether the in vitro unlabeled pre-mRNA splicing assay could be performed as an alternative method of splicing reaction other than the radiolabeled one. Two different splicing methods in vitro , P labeled and unlabeled pre-mRNA as the substrates in the reaction, were investigated. The radiolabeled products were visualized by autoradiography while the unlabeled products were observed by Ethidium Bromide (EB) staining. As a result, although there are more unspecific bands in the EB staining assay than 32P labeled one, the RNA products of in vitro splicing could be observed clearly. This suggests that the unlabeled pre-mRNA splicing assay can be an optional substitution for the isotope-labeled assay. 相似文献
68.
69.
Ithasbeenprovedthatanumberofdiseasesarerelatedwithabnormalityofbloodviscosityandcoagulationinclinicalresearch.Bloodhyperviscosityandhypercoagulationcauseandaccelearatethedevelopmentofcertaindiseases,deathrateofsomeofwhicharerisingwithyears.Lookingforawaytoreducebloodviscosityandrestrainfasterandstrongercoagulationbecomesasubjectdrawingmoreattention.Theproperseofthisresearchwastofindsuchaway.Intheblood,therearechargrdRBC,WBC,PLT,inorganicions,sothattheremustbesensitiveandcomplicatedresponse… 相似文献
70.
DPA1 gene is one of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and its promoter is highly polymorphic. From comparative studies among five southern Chinese populations, Jing, Li, Bai, Lahu, and Meizhou Han, we describe their single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/haplotype frequency data of HLA-DPA1 gene promoter in this study. Within the 760-bp promoter region, we have identified 21 SNPs and nine possible haplotypes. Pair-wise comparisons show similar frequencies distribution of the HLA-DPA1 promoter haplotypes among Jing, Li, and Bai, whereas all pair-wise comparisons involved with Lahu or Meizhou Han and other ethnic groups show remarkable difference. The differences in frequencies of HLA-DPA1 promoter alleles may reveal different ethnic origins and demographic histories of the five populations. Our study may help distinguishing each of these populations by sequence variations of HLA-DPA1 promoter, which may be served as functional molecular markers for clinical and immunological studies involving the DPA1 locus. 相似文献