Nanoparticles-based multi-adjuvant whole cell tumor vaccine for cancer immunotherapy

Whole cell tumor vaccine (WCTV), as a potential treatment modality, elicits limited immune responses because of the poor immunogenicity. To address this issue, researchers have attempted to transduce a cytokine adjuvant into tumor cells, but these single-adjuvant WCTVs curtail the high expectations. In present study, we constructed a multi-adjuvant WCTV based on the nanoparticles modified with cell penetrating peptide, which could facilitate the transportation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) into tumor cells. After inactivation, as-designed multi-adjuvant WCTV exhibited programmed promotions on DC recruitment, antigen presentation, and T-cell activation. In vivo evaluations demonstrated the satisfactory effects on tumor growth suppression, metastasis inhibition, and recurrence prevention. Therefore, the nanoparticles-based multi-adjuvant WCTV may serve as a high-performance treatment for anti-tumor immunotherapy.     

The association between the disruption of motor imagery and the number of depressive episodes of major depression

Background

Mental rotation performance may be used as an index of mental slowing or bradyphrenia, and may reflect, in particular, speed of motor preparation. Previous studies suggest depressive patients present the correlates of impaired behavioural performance for mental rotation and psychomotor disturbance. The aim of this study is to compare the mental rotation abilities of patients with a first episode of depression, recurrent depression and healthy control subjects with regard to hand tasks.

Methods

We tested 32 first episode of depression, 38 recurrent depression and 36 healthy control subjects by evaluating the performance of depressed patients with regard to the hand mental rotation tasks.

Results

First, the first episode and recurrent depression subjects were significantly slower and made more errors than controls in mentally rotating hands. Second, the first depressive episode but not the recurrent depression displayed the same pattern of response times to stimuli at various orientations relative to control subjects in the hand task. Third, in particular, recurrent depression subjects were significantly slower and made more errors during the mental transformation of hands than first depressive episode relative to control subjects and the differences were significantly larger in female than male subjects in the mental rotation hand task.

Limitations

Patients were on antidepressant medication.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the impaired behavioural performance for mental representation processing are related to the number of previous episodes. Moreover, the recurrent major depressive episodes may contribute to the reinforcement of cognitive impairments and further the development or maintenance of mental representation dysfunctions, especially in female patients. A deficit on mental rotation in the depressive patients may be potential biomarkers for recurrence chronically.     

The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Resilience Among Chinese Parents of Children with Disability

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Few studies have examined the relationships among parents’ resilience, parenting stress, and social support. This study surveyed 486 parents of...     

Expression of Interleukin‐22 in Myasthenia Gravis

IL‐17 and IL‐22 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The roles of IL‐22 in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unsettled. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum IL‐22, IL‐17 levels, anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti‐AChR Ab) titres and clinical parameters in patients with MG. The serum IL‐22, IL‐17 levels and anti‐AChR Ab titres were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and MG subjects were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, PBMC from 12 patients with generalized MG were purified and treated with recombinant human IL‐22 (rhIL‐22), the IL‐17 levels of supernatant were detected by ELISA. We found that the IL‐17 levels were significantly increased, but IL‐22 levels were significantly decreased in the serum of patients with MG compared with healthy controls. Consistantly, a significant decrease in IL‐22 mRNA levels and an increase in IL‐17 mRNA levels were detected in PBMC collected from patients with MG, compared with healthy controls. A negative correlation between IL‐22 mRNA in PBMC, serum IL‐22 and serum anti‐AChR Ab levels was found in patients with MG. Moreover, in cultured MG PBMC treated with recombinant human IL‐22 (rhIL‐22), the IL‐17 levels were decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings indicated a possible role of IL‐22 as a protective factor in MG.     

Suppression of ongoing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in DA rats by novel peptide drug,structural part of human myelin basic protein 46–62

Previously, we demonstrated that autoantibodies (AAb) in multiple sclerosis (MS) reveal site-specific binding and cleavage toward myelin basic protein (MBP) epitope library. We have found several fragments of MBP immunodominant in terms of AAb binding. Here, we applied these peptides to DA rats with induced protracted relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) most closely related to MS. DA rats with EAE induced by syngenic spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant were treated by nasal route with human MBP 46–62, 81–102, 124–139, 147–170, and Copaxone®. MBP 124–139 and 147–170 displayed only mild therapeutic effects but MBP 46–62 significantly reduced EAE, reflected by lower clinical scores and shorter EAE duration compared to controls.     

家庭暴力对青少年饮酒和攻击行为的影响：链式中介效应分析

目的探讨家庭暴力对青少年饮酒及攻击行为的影响,并分析心理需求和道德推脱的中介作用。方法采用整群分层随机抽样法选择达州市2所初中和2所高中的1 280名学生为研究对象,使用儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF)、基本心理需要问卷(BPNS)、道德推脱问卷(MDS)和青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(AHRBI)进行调查。通过链式中介效应分析家庭暴力与青少年饮酒及攻击行为的关系以及心理需求和道德推脱的中介作用。结果 CTQ-SF与BPNS评分呈负相关(r=-0.160,P=0.012),与MDS和AHRBI评分均呈正相关(r=0.330、0.250,P均0.01);BPNS与MDS和AHRBI评分均呈负相关(r=-0.220、-0.270,P均0.01);MDS与AHRBI评分呈正相关(r=0.420,P0.01)。家庭暴力对饮酒及攻击行为的直接效应值为0.041(P0.05),家庭暴力对心理需求、家庭暴力对道德推脱、心理需求对道德推脱、心理需求对饮酒及攻击行为、道德推脱对饮酒及攻击行为的效应值分别为-0.468、0.536、-0.241、-0.412、0.094(P均0.05),家庭暴力对心理需求至道德推脱对饮酒及攻击行为总效应值为0.295(P0.05)。结论心理需求和道德推脱在家庭暴力与饮酒及攻击行为之间发挥中介效应。     

急性脑梗死后抑郁患者血清iNOS,MIP-1 α水平变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨急性脑梗死后抑郁(Post-stroke depression,PSD)患者血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,MIP-1α)水平变化及其临床意义。方法 收集2017年6月-2020年4月本院收治的143例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据患者发病后1个月内是否发生PSD分为PSD组(n=42)和非PSD组(n=101),并于同期随机选取60例体检健康者为对照组; 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组血清iNOS,MIP-1α水平,绘制受试者工作特征(Receptor operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估其对PSD的预测价值。结果 PSD组和非PSD组血清iNOS,MIP-1α水平高于对照组,且PSD组高于非PSD组(P<0.05); 随着抑郁程度的加重,PSD组患者血清iNOS,MIP-1α水平逐渐升高(P<0.05); 经Pearson积矩相关分析显示,PSD组患者血清iNOS,MIP-1α水平与HAMD评分呈正相关(r=0.692、0.658,P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,iNOS水平预测PSD的AUC为0.862,灵敏度、特异性分别为83.33%、86.14%; MIP-1α水平预测PSD的AUC为0.832,灵敏度、特异性分别为78.57%、81.19%; iNOS联合MIP-1α水平预测PSD的AUC为0.902,灵敏度、特异性分别为88.10%、91.09%。结论 PSD患者血清iNOS,MIP-1α水平异常升高,并与病情严重程度密切相关,早期联合检测可作为预测急性脑梗死患者PSD发生风险的生化指标。     

Preparation of lysozyme imprinted magnetic nanoparticles via surface graft copolymerization

Molecular imprinting as a facile and promising separation technique has received considerable attention because of their high selectivity for target molecules. In this study, we imprinted lysozyme (Lys) on the surface of core–shell magnetic nanoparticles via surface imprinting. The magnetic supports were functionalized with maleic acid and then coated with imprinted polymer layers. The structure and morphology of the resulting magnetic imprinted nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scatting, vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis. Binding experiments were carried out to evaluate the properties of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (magnetic MIPs) and magnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymers (magnetic NIPs). The protein adsorption results showed that the magnetic MIPs had significant specific recognition toward the template protein and could be easily separated from solution by an external magnetic field. Moreover, the MIPs exhibited fast kinetics for the rebinding of the target protein due to the thin-imprinted layer and showed good reusability by four adsorption–desorption cycles. Therefore, the surface imprinting approach combined with magnetic nanoparticles provided an easy and fast method for the specific recognition of Lys.     

Application of Q-TOF–MS based metabonomics techniques to analyze the plasma metabolic profile changes on rats following death due to acute intoxication of phorate

International Journal of Legal Medicine - Organophosphorus pesticides (OPS) are widely used in the world, and many poisoning cases were caused by them. Phorate intoxication is especially common in...