小腿假肢对线对静态站立时下肢受力的影响

目的:研究小腿截肢患者站立状态下假肢对线对下肢受力特性的影响.方法:以假肢侧承重线和重力线作为评价指标,改变假肢矢状面和额状面的对线,采用激光测力平台测量患者静态站立时残侧承重线和重力线的位置,研究下肢受力状况的变化.结果:假肢侧承重线受踝关节对线的影响大于腿管对线调节的影响,并且力线随腿管与接受腔的前倾而前移,而额状面对线的影响很小;矢状面内重力线主要受踝关节对线调节的影响,并且与变化角近似正比例相关.结论:矢状面假肢对线调整对残侧下肢受力状况的影响较大,而额状面的对线调整影响较小.     

Sufentanil induces delayed myocardial preconditioning mediated by HO-1

Purpose. The objective of this study was to examine whether sufentanil also confers delayed cardioprotection and whether this effect is mediated through HO-1.
Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either delayed ischemic preconditioning （DIPC） or sufentanilinduced preconditioning （SPC; with 3 μg/kg, 15 μg/kg, 30 μg/kg, 60 μg/kg, or 120 μg/kg sufentanil） or an ischemic reperfusion（CON）. After 24 h, all animals were subjected to a 30 min coronary occlusion followed by a 2 h reperfusion. In the group treated with 120 μg/kg sufentanil, the selective HO-1 inhibitor Zinc protoporphyrin IX （Znpp IX） was administered. The infarct size （IS） was determined with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Western blotting analysis was used to examine HO-1 expression.
Results. The IS/AAR ratios in the animals treated with DIPC （0.33±0.07） or with SPC （0.44±0.08, 0.32±0.10, 0.32±0.06, and 0.28±0.07 for the groups treated with 15 μg/kg, 30 μg/kg, 60 t~g/kg, or 120 μg/kg sufentanil, respectively） were significantly reduced compared with control （CON） group （0.54±0.06; P〈0.05）. The ED50 of sufentanil was found to be 13.83 μg/kg according to the sigmoid equation. Znpp IX abolished the effect of the 120 μg/kg sufentanil treatment （the IS/ AAR values were 0.54±0.04 for the SPC±Znpp IX group and 0.28±0.07 for the group treated with 120μg/kg SPC; P〈0.05）. The 120 μg/kg SPC treatment increased the expression of HO-1 compared with the CON group（P〈0.05）, and this effect was prevented by Znpp IX （P〈0.05）.
Conclusion. These results indicate that sufentanil produces delayed cardioprotection in anaesthetized rats and HO-1 may be involved in it.     

血塞通及川芎嗪对细胞色素P450不同亚型代谢酶影响的研究

目的 研究血塞通和川芎秦对肝微粒体细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶系统不同亚型的影响,预测它们之间及与其他药物问的相互作用,并为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 通过研究CYP450亚型CYP1A2、CYP3A4的专属探针药物咖啡因、氨苯砜的体外代谢变化,评价血塞通和川芎秦对这两个酶的诱导或抑制作用.结果 对照组、血塞通组和川芎嗪组中咖啡因和氨苯砜的浓度均随时间延长而降低,3组间差异无统计学意义.血塞通组探针药物咖啡因体外半衰期明显短于对照组[(19.24±2.37)min比(25.15±2.02)min,P<0.01),川芎嗪组咖啡因体外半衰期[(27.67±4.64)min]与对照组无明显差异,说明血塞通对肝药酶CYP1A2有诱导作用,而对CYP3A4无影响;血塞通组和川芎嗪组探针药物氨苯砜体外半衰期与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义[(16.29±2.94)min、(15.16±1.67)min比(16.16±1.51)min,P均>0.05],说明川芎嗪对肝药酶CYP1A2和CYP3A4均无影响.结论 药物对CYP450各亚型酶的影响不同.血塞通在同CYP1A2代谢相关的药物合用时,应充分考虑其对CYP1A2的影响,以避免可能出现的毒性反应或不良反应.     

富氧对海拔3 700m高原人体血液流变学的影响

目的探讨在高原建立富氧室对机体血液流变学的影响.方法在海拔3 700m高原室内充氧,使氧浓度提高为24%～25%.12名受试者在富氧条件下睡眠10h,出富氧室4h后,检测红细胞压积(HCT)、血液粘度(ηb)、血浆粘度(ηp)、还原粘度(ηr)、红细胞刚性指数(IR)、红细胞变形系数(TK)和血细胞聚集系数(VAl).结果富氧后较富氧前ηb、ηp、IR、TK和VAI均降低,有显著性差异(P<0.05),HCT、ηr无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论富氧10h可改善高原机体缺氧,并且增强机体的氧储备可持续4h以上.     

Human JC virus-like particles as a gene delivery vector

INTRODUCTION: As a viral gene delivery vector, the recombinant JC virus-like particles (VLPs) can be easily generated in large quantities and at low cost. Exogenous genes of interest can be packaged by the VLP without the involvement of viral genetic material and then delivered into any tissue susceptible to JC virus (JCV) to allow gene transduction. Therefore, it should be possible in the future to develop a gene delivery vector using the human JC VLPs that will allow gene therapy. AREAS COVERED: Development of a gene delivery vector using the polyomavirus VLPs is reviewed in this article. The advantages and disadvantages of using JC VLP for gene delivery are discussed. EXPERT OPINION: Human JC VLPs are readily produced and can be engineered with ease; they allow specific targeting without the presence of any viral genetic material. For therapeutic purposes, gene(s) of interest or other compounds can be packaged into the VLP and delivered to JCV-susceptible cells at high efficiency.     

Evaluation of severe transplant renal artery stenosis with Doppler sonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate and determine Doppler criteria for predicting a severe transplant renal artery stenosis (80%-99% diameter reduction) and to compare the Doppler findings in patients with end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis. METHODS: We performed Doppler sonography on 16 consecutive patients with transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) confirmed by digital subtraction arteriography (DSA). Fourteen patients had end-to-end anastomosis, and 2 had end-to-side anastomosis. Eleven patients were re-evaluated with color Doppler sonography within 4 days after intervention. Seven Doppler parameters, including the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the renal, iliac and interlobar artery, Pre-PSV ratio (the ratio of the PSV in the renal artery to that in the iliac artery), Post-PSV ratio (the ratio of the PSV in the renal artery to that in the interlobar arteries, acceleration time and resistance index, were measured. In the patients with severe TRAS the measurements of these parameters were compared before and after successful intervention. RESULTS: In the 16 patients with a single transplanted kidney, arteriography demonstrated 14 main renal arteries with severe stenosis, and 3 renal arteries with moderate stenosis. When using the cutoff values of Post-PSV ratio >13, renal artery PSV >4 m/sec, acceleration time >0.06 second, and resistance index <0.5 for the detection of all 14 severe stenoses, the sensitivities were 100%, 71%, 93%, and 50%, respectively. For assessing all 14 severe stenoses and 12 severe stenoses of end-to-end anastomosis, the cutoff value of Pre-PSV ratio >5 had sensitivities of 86% and 100%, respectively. Pre-PSV ratios in severe stenoses of end-to-end anastomosis (range, 5.1-11.5) were significantly greater than those recorded in severe stenoses of end-to-side anastomosis (range, 2.8-3.1). Statistically significant differences before and after successful intervention were found for all 7 Doppler parameters in the 7 patients with severe stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: An 80%-99% diameter reduction of the renal artery can be diagnosed based on a Post-PSV ratio >13 for patients with either end-to-end or end-to-side anastomosis. A Pre-PSV ratio >5 for patients with end-to-end anastomosis and acceleration time >0.06 second are helpful in the diagnosis of severe TRAS.