人体膀胱移行上皮癌细胞系(TSB-90,TSB-91)的建立及其生物学特性

从1例膀胱癌患者的癌组织培养中，分离得到2个不同生长特性的悬浮生长型细胞系，定名为TSB-90和TSB-91。在培养过程中，对其生物学特性进行了细胞和亚细胞水平的探讨，并进行了核型分析。发现2个细胞系核型的演化趋势有明显差异，生物学特性也不尽相同。这可能与膀胱癌组织中细胞的遗传异质性和分化程度有关。对其机制和细节有待进一步深入研究。     

角膜溃疡穿孔的修复与修复材料的选择

总结２１例用不同材料修复角膜穿孔的病例，修复材料分别为结膜瓣、硅胶板、断层自体皮片和同种异体角膜。结膜瓣遮盖仅２／３保存眼球，愈合后视力差，并发症多；硅胶板可在穿孔大、情况紧急时作暂时封孔保存眼球之用；自体断层皮片术后不久即溶解，角膜移植者７眼中６眼保存了眼球，且有５例植片透明，视力０．１以上。     

精神病混合家系GRIK2基因多态性的关联研究

目的　在中国汉族人群混合家系中探讨GRIK2基因多态性与精神分裂症、心境障碍是否 关联。方法　采用PCR RFLP技术对GRIK2基因多态性rs6922753(T/C)和rs2227283(G/A)分型,进行 传递不平衡检验(TDT)。结果　(1)rs6922753多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=3.13,P>0.05)或心境障碍 (χ2=3.20,P>0.05)无关联,但在发病年龄≤25岁的患者中与两组疾病均相关联(P<0.05);(2) rs2227283多态性与精神分裂症(χ2=9.85,P<0.01)、心境障碍(χ2=13.50,P<0.01)呈显著关联;(3) 双位点TDT提示单体型TG、CA与精神分裂症、心境障碍相关联(P<0.05)。结论　在中国汉族人群 中GRIK2基因或邻近基因可能是精神分裂症和心境障碍的共同易患基因之一,并可能影响发病年龄。     

穹隆-海马伞切断对大鼠脑内TrkA表达的影响

①目的　探讨穹隆 海马伞切断对大鼠脑内不同部位神经生长因子受体TrkA表达的影响及临床意义。②方法　成年健康雌性Wistar大鼠 10只 ,随机分为穹隆 海马伞切断模型组和假手术组。两组大鼠均常规取海马CA1区、皮质区、杏仁复合体区、基底前脑Meynert核等部位脑组织与假手术组比较TrkA阳性细胞表达情况。③结果　假手术组大脑各观察区有基础水平的TrkA表达。模型组大脑海马CA1区、大脑皮质区、杏仁复合体区以及Meynert核区TrkA阳性细胞数明显减少 (t=3.94 4～ 8.4 4 2 ,P <0 .0 5 )。 ④结论　穹隆 海马伞切断可致大鼠脑内多部位TrkA表达减少 ,其可能是导致认知和情绪损伤的原因之一。     

大豆蛋白影响肾损害模型钙摄入和钙排出的实验研究

[目的]研究大豆蛋白对肾损害大鼠钙平衡的影响。[方法]选择3月龄断乳雄性SD大鼠40只．按体质量从小到大排序，采用完全随机化原则分为4组。每组10只。标准饲料对照组：喂食含有14％酪蛋白饲料；大豆蛋白饲料组：喂食含有14％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料1组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加7％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料2组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加14％大豆分离蛋白饲料。实验期用腺嘌呤灌胃共21d，建立肾损害大鼠模型，各组大鼠喂养相应饲料6周，测饲料消耗量、24h尿蛋白、尿钙、钙表观吸收率、储留钙量。[结果]4组实验大鼠饲料摄入量1d～30d无统计学差异，大豆蛋白饲料组和混合饲料1组实验结束时与另外两组相比，尿钙排泄量低，钙表观吸收率和储留钙量高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]蛋白质含量水平在14％条件下，含大豆蛋白的两种饲料对肾损害大鼠钙吸收、钙排泄的影响无统计学差异，有利于促进钙吸收，减少钙排泄。     

谈谈如何设计教学内容

教学内容的设计是教学设计中的重要组成部分，从针对学生的具体情况，合理选择教学内容；把握知识结构体系，使教学内容呈现整体性；客观分析教学内容，抓住重点与中心；突破教材教学内容，实现教学内容的延伸4个方面，探讨如何设计教学内容。     

Locomotor strategies before independent walking: prospective study of 50 mentally retarded children.

To investigate the association between pre-walking locomotor strategies and psychomotor developments in children with mental retardation (MR), 50 children with non-specific MR were included in this study. There were 29 boys and 21 girls, 96% of whom had moderate to severe MR. They were followed from 4-53 months to 25-99 months of age, and their follow-up periods ranged from 10 to 48 months (mean 30 months). According to the pre-walking locomotor strategies, these children were categorized into three groups: the crawling group (n = 34) who used crawling or creeping as their main locomotion pattern before independent walking; the shuffling group (n = 9) who used shuffling prior to independent walking; and the direct-walking group (n = 7) who did not have any other locomotor strategies except rolling. In almost all motor developmental milestones, children in the direct-walking group developed earlier than those in the crawling and shuffling groups. Children in the crawling group had more advanced developments than those in the shuffling group. The difference in the mean ratio developmental quotients of the Bayley Mental Scale among the three groups was not significant. The present study showed that crawling may not be a necessary prerequisite for early ambulation or better cognitive function in MR children.     

Rules for differentiating symptoms and signs of the heart-qi deficiency syndrome

344 cases of Heart-Qi Deficiency Syndrome (HQDS) including 19 Kinds of disease were observed to explore the rule of differentiation of symptoms and signs for HQDS. The results showed that the common symptoms of HQDS were weakness, shortness of breath, and palpitation, etc. According to with or without complicated cardiovascular diseases, the patients were divided into two groups: group A with cardiovascular diseases, group B without that. In group A, the symptoms and signs of HQDS were the most frequent and early clinical manifestations, the associated symptoms and signs were blood stasis and attack of water-evil, etc. In group B, in whom often associated with nervous and emotional symptoms such as insomnia, dreamfulness, and amnesia, etc., which was due to the disturbance of emotional activities of heart. In order to avoid diagnostic confusion, the authors suggest that the HQDS patients with cardiovascular diseases would be diagnosed as HQDS; on the other hand, the HQDS patients without cardiovascular diseases would be diagnosed as disturbance of emotional activities of heart.     

The onset of ablation of the evoked adductor pollicis muscle twitch in children: a clinical perspective

The time to loss of the adductor pollicis muscle response to ulnar nerve stimulation at 1 Hz (twitch) after succinylcholine, 1.5 mg.kg-1 intravenously (IV), or vecuronium, 0.1 mg.kg-1 (IV), administration was assessed visually in 134 children, age 2-13 yr, during clinically determined, deep halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia. The overall time to twitch ablation and duration of succinylcholine's action is in agreement with published times obtained under controlled experimental conditions; the onset time following vecuronium is comparable to those observed during a similar anaesthetic background measured under controlled experimental conditions. Twitch ablation after succinylcholine was achieved in half the time needed following vecuronium regardless of anaesthetic agent. Succinylcholine's and vecuronium's onset time as well as succinylcholine's duration is adequately assessed by the outlined, simple clinical means. The choice of inhalation agent does not affect the time to visible twitch ablation in a clinically relevant manner; nor does it make an appreciable difference, in clinical terms, in succinylcholine's duration of action.     

Increase of prolactin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus after intracerebroventricular injection of VIP or PACAP

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the structurally homologous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and the pituitary hormone, prolactin (PRL) enhance rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). VIP and PACAP are both inducers of PRL gene expression and release in the pituitary gland. Little is known about PRL regulation in the brain although it is hypothesized that the REMS-promoting activity of i.c.v. administered VIP may be mediated via the activation of cerebral PRL. To test whether VIP or PACAP in fact increase intracerebral mRNA, the peptides (VIP: 30 or 300 pmol; PACAP: 220 pmol) were injected i.c.v. into rats at dark onset. 1 h later, cDNA was synthesized from purified hypothalamic mRNA. Standardized amounts were analysed for PRL using the polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting and hybridization. Compared with β-actin mRNA levels, both VIP and PACAP increased PRL mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion though VIP was more effective on a molar basis. The previously reported alternatively spliced PRL mRNA (lacking exon 4) was not detected. The data support the hypothesis that the REMS-promoting activity of central VIP and PACAP might be mediated by cerebral PRL.