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A method of estimating any volatile anaesthetic in blood bymeans of gas chromatography is described. It requires only asmall sample which may be conveniently stored and from whichmany readings may be taken. Possible uses of the method areindicated.
*Present address: University College Hospital, London, W.C.I. 相似文献
23.
Background The contribution of dysmotility to dysphagia in oesophageal cancer is unclear.
Aim To examine oesophageal motility in patients with oesophageal carcinoma and to assess the effect of chemoradiotherapy on motility.
Methods Stationary manometry and 24-hour pH-metry were performed in 12 patients with oesophageal carcinoma and one week following
completion of chemoradiotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin and 40Gy radiotherapy.
Results All patients had abnormal motility prior to treatment. Peristalsis was impaired in 11 patients with a mean (SD) of 25% (9)
of waves normally propagated. Eight patients had 20% or more simultaneous waves. Following chemoradiotherapy, the percentage
of waves normally propagated increased from 25% (9) to 52% (10) (p < 0.03) and normal peristalsis was restored in four patients.
The percentage of simultaneous waves decreased from 38% (11) to 21.6% (10) (p=0.129) while the percentage of dropped or increased
waves decreased from 20% (11) to 8.3% (4) (p=0.264).
Conclusions Oesophageal motility is disturbed in oesophageal cancer. Dysphagia in oesophageal cancer may be partly explained by oesophageal
dysmotility. This is improved by chemotherapy. 相似文献
24.
Five cases of penile metastases are presented. Axial and sagittal T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans were performed in all patients. In some, coronal images were also obtained. The penile metastases were most often seen as discrete masses in the corpora cavernosa or corpus spongiosum. An atypical pattern of diffuse infiltration is also illustrated. Limitations of cavernosography, ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) are discussed. The magnetic resonance (MR) features of penile metastases and possible role MR may have in the management of these patients are described. 相似文献
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D. J. FREEMAN K. THAM E. A. BROWN A. RUMLEY† G. D. LOWE† I. A. GREER 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2008,6(3):421-427
Summary. Background: Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased placental debris circulating in maternal plasma. Objectives: This study related placental debris to maternal markers of coagulation and endothelial activation in pre-eclampsia. Patients/methods: Circulating fetal corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA and phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing microparticles were assayed in third trimester plasma from women with pre-eclampsia ( n = 32) and controls ( n = 32) matched for age, body mass index, parity, and gestational age at sampling. Markers of maternal hemostasis and endothelial function were assessed. Results: Fetal CRH mRNA levels were higher in pre-eclampsia [mean 0.75 (SD 2.77) CRH/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA ratio] than in control pregnancies [0.20 (0.74), P = 0.014]. PS-exposing microparticle levels were not different between the groups. Women with pre-eclampsia had higher levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin F 1+2 fragment ( F 1+2 ), factor XIIa, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 than controls. Fetal CRH mRNA correlated with TFPI in pre-eclampsia and control groups ( r = 0.38, P = 0.031, and r = 0.37, P = 0.039, respectively). Fetal CRH mRNA correlated with FVII activity ( r = 0.43, P = 0.017) and PS-exposing microparticles correlated inversely with F 1+2 ( r = −0.64, P < 0.001) in pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Placental debris, assessed by fetal CRH mRNA levels in maternal blood, is related to coagulation potential, i.e. FVII activity, but not to markers of coagulation or endothelial activation in pre-eclampsia. 相似文献
28.
Williams TN; Maitland K; Phelps L; Bennett S; Peto TE; Viji J; Timothy R; Clegg JB; Weatherall DJ; Bowden DK 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(12):751-757
We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children <
10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Malnutrition was categorized using
standard anthropometric criteria as: underweight [weight-for-age (WA) Z
score < -2], wasting [weight-for-height (WH) Z < -2], or stunting
[height-for-age (HA) Z < -2]. On multiple logistic regression analysis,
the only factors significantly associated with wasting were age < 5
years [OR (95% CI) 1.8 (1.2-2.9), p = 0.01] and having suffered one or more
episodes of clinical P. vivax malaria in the 6 months preceding nutritional
assessment [OR 2.4 (1.3-4.4), p = 0.006]. The incidence of P. vivax
infection was significantly higher during the 6 months preceding assessment
in underweight vs. non-underweight children [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.6
(1.5-4.4), p < or = 0.0001). These groups had similar incidences of
clinical P. falciparum infection during the same period [IRR 1.1 (0.57-2.1)
p = 0.8] and of either species during the 6 months following assessment
[IRR P. vivax 1.3 (0.9- 2.0) p = 0.2; IRR P. falciparum 1.3 (0.9-1.9) p =
0.2]. In these children, P. vivax malaria was a major predictor of acute
malnutrition; P. falciparum was not. Wasting neither predisposed to nor
protected against malaria of either species. Although P. vivax malaria is
generally regarded as benign, it may produce considerable global mortality
through malnutrition.
相似文献
29.
We report a patient with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of LEOPARD syndrome (LS) associated with multiple granular cell tumors (MGCT). Bidirectional sequencing of exons 7, 12, and 13 of the PTPN11 gene revealed the T468M missense mutation in exon 12. This mutation has been previously reported in patients with LS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MGCT associated with molecularly characterized LS and provides the first molecular evidence linking granular cell tumors (GCT) to the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We propose that MGCT can be associated with LS. Analysis of GCT from this case tested negatively for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the PTPN11 and NF1 loci and did not show deletions of the PTEN gene. The absence of LOH of PTPN11 supports published functional data that T468M is a dominant-negative mutation. 相似文献
30.