松果体区肿瘤诊治策略的探讨

目的 探讨松果体区肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析154例松果体区肿瘤的病例资料.结果 松果体区肿瘤多以颅高压、眼球运动障碍起病,诊断需进行CT、MRI及肿瘤标记物检查.基本确诊或高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤时直接放疗或活检后放疗23例,肿瘤均消失,5年生存率88.9%;其他肿瘤手术治疗131例,肿瘤全切除124例,次全切除7例,5年生存率84.4%.手术患者的病理结果:生殖细胞肿瘤60例,松果体实质肿瘤17例,神经上皮肿瘤27例,其他肿瘤27例.结论 松果体区肿瘤常合并脑积水,影像学表现有一定特征,联合肿瘤标记物检测能进一步鉴别肿瘤性质.基本确诊生殖细胞瘤直接选择放、化疗,高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤选择活检后放疗或实验性放疗,不能确定生殖细胞瘤时选择显微手术联合术后辅助放、化疗,在治疗过程中兼顾脑积水的处理是较理想的松果体区肿瘤的治疗策略.

Abstract：

Objective To define the optimal diagnosis and theraputic strategy of pineal region tumors.Method Clinical materials of 154 cases with pineal region tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Results The patients with pineal region tumors often complained with increased intracranial pressure and ocular movement deficiency.The procedure of diagnosis was imaging checking included CT and MRI,tumor mark testing.23 cases which were essential exact diagnosed or high doubt germinomas were choosed to direct radiotherapy or radiotherapy after biopsy.All the tumors disappeared during the follow up time.5 years survival rate was 88.9%.Other 131 cases were chosen for operation treatment.Total removal were achieved in 124 cases and subtotal were achieved in 7 cases.The 5 years survival rate was 84.4%.The operation pathological result included 60 germ cell tumors, 17 pineal parenchymal tumors, 27 neural epithelium tumors and 27 other tumors.Conclusions Pineal region tumors are often combined with hydrocephalus.There was some characteristic feature in the imaging appearance.The cases should be chosen to direct radiotherapy and chemotherapy if was diagnosed germinomas, and be choosed to radiotherapy after biopsy or experimental radiotherapy if was high doubt germinomas.The cases which unable determined germionmas should be choosed microsurgery and assist radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperation.Hydrocephalus should be treated in consideration during the procedure of tumor treatment.     

食道鼻咽腔导管在脑功能区全麻唤醒手术中的应用

目的 评价自行研制能讲话的声门外通气装置--食道鼻咽腔导管在脑功能区手术应用的可行性和安全性.方法 累及脑功能区手术患者13例,全麻诱导后置入食道鼻咽腔导管,外接麻醉机行机械通气.术中以唤醒麻醉技术让患者清醒并可带管讲话配合神经电生理监测下的脑功能区精确定位.结果 13例置管均顺利,通气良好,血气值正常,唤醒期带管讲话清晰、流利,脑功能区定位准确,致痫灶切除满意,无神经功能损伤.结论 食道鼻咽腔导管为一种自行研制的新型声门外通气装置,用于全麻唤醒不仅通气良好,而且带管讲话清晰,为脑功能区特别是语言区精确定位手术的麻醉提供了安全、可靠的通气方式和气道管理.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the self- developed sound outside the ventilation device - esophageal nasopharynx catheter in brain functional areas surgery applications. Methods 13 patients involved functional areas of brain surgery were chosed. After induction of general anesthesia, the catheters were placed in the esophagus, then connected to anesthesia machines to an external mechanical ventilation. During the operations anesthetic techniques for patients to awaken the conscious and can speak with a tube inside the mouth while the physiological monitoring of nerve and brain function area accurately done. Results 13 patients were smoothly intubated, the ventilation conditions were good, the blood gas values were normal The case wake up with a tube inside the mouth were clear and fluent speech, the brain function areas were accurate determined and the epilepsy focus resection were satisfactory with no neurological deficit. Conclusion The esophageal nasopharyngeal catheter as a new type of soud outside the ventilation equipment was used in the ventilation for general anesthesia wake - up function, not only the ventilation conditions were good, but also the patients could speak with a tube inside the mouth. It provided safe, reliable ventilation and airway management for the brain functional areas, particularly the language areas operations anesthesia, and fill the gap of the field.     

以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及供血区分布

目的:探讨以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及病灶供血区分布特征。方法:对26例经MRI确诊、以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:将眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死分为2种临床类型:①稳定型:单纯自发性持续性眩晕伴平衡失调(19/26例,73.1%);②进展型:以持续性眩晕、平衡失调为首发症状,起病2d后伴有延迟神经功能受累症状(7/26例,26.9%)。梗死病灶以小脑后下动脉内侧支(16/26例,61.5%)受累最为常见;其次为小脑前下动脉区(6/26例,23.1%)及小脑上动脉区(2/26例,7.7%)。未见多发小脑供血动脉区梗死患者以单纯眩晕为首发症状。结论:以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死以小脑后下动脉内侧支受累最为常见,绝大多数患者呈良性病程,但需警惕可能出现的延迟神经功能受累症状和体征。     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

脑源性神经营养因子基因多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的:探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因多态性与精神分裂症的关联性.方法:以111例精神分裂症发作期患者与362例正常对照为研究对象,通过TagMan探针单核苷酸多态性(SNP)基因分型技术对BDNF基因及基因上游10 kb区域的标签SNPs rs6265和rs11030101进行基因分型,比较各组间基因型、等位基...     

福建省重性抑郁障碍流行病学调查

目的:了解福建省重性抑郁障碍患病率,探讨可能的影响因素.方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取10 000名≥15岁的个体为调查对象,以改编后的一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12)为筛选工具;以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版轴I障碍定式临床检查患者版(SCID-I/P)为调查的诊断工具.结果:福建省重性抑郁障碍时点...     

MRI增强扫描对脑内脱髓鞘假瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI增强扫描对大脑脱髓鞘假瘤(demyelination pseudotumor,DPT)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析9例经病理或临床证实的大脑DPT患者MRI平扫及增强扫描的表现。结果病灶多发1例,单发8例。MRI平扫显示,病变在T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈高信号,DWI上呈略低、等或略高信号;增强扫描2例病灶内可见斑片状强化,余7例均见垂直于侧脑室的线条状强化。结论 MRI增强扫描对于DPT的诊断具有重要价值。垂直于侧脑室的线条状强化是大脑DPT的典型MRI表现。     

人羊膜间充质干细胞移植对大鼠脊髓损伤神经功能恢复的影响

目的 观察人羊膜间充质干细胞( hAD - MSCs)移植对大鼠脊髓损伤神经功能恢复的影响.方法 建立大鼠脊髓全横断损伤模型,脊髓横断后立即以明胶海绵吸附10μl hAD- MSCs(约2×105个)或等量PBS液植入脊髓两断端之间.术后每周应用BBB评分评价大鼠后肢运动功能;采用免疫荧光染色观察hAD - MSCs在脊髓内的存活、分化情况;免疫组织化学染色观察受损脊髓远端组织NF - 200表达.结果 hAD - MSCs移植组神经功能明显恢复,BBB评分逐周增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).hAD - MSCs植入后2周在宿主脊髓中存在MAB1281染色阳性细胞,但不表达MAP -2和GFAP.hAD - MSCs移植后大鼠受损脊髓远端神经组织NF - 200表达明显强于对照组.结论 hAD - MSCs移植可促进大鼠脊髓损伤后的神经功能恢复,其机制可能与hAD - MSCs促进受损脊髓远端组织表达NF - 200有关.     

32项轻躁狂症状清单划界分高低人群的临床特征

目的:了解32项轻躁狂症状清单(HCL-32)划界分值高低人群的临床特征。方法:对1726例精神科门诊和住院部连续就诊的抑郁障碍患者采用HCL-32、简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)进行评估。根据HCL-32得分结果,将患者分为HCL-32≥14且MINI单/双相、10≤HCL-32<14且MINI单/双相和HCL-32<10且MINI单相共5组,进行临床特征的分析。结果:有效完成问卷评分1487例,MINI诊断为双相障碍者360例(24.2%),以HCL-32≥14为划界值诊断为双相障碍者532例(35.8%),两种诊断方法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组间在性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、工作状况、首次发病年龄上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);10≤HCL-32<14且MINI单相组和HCL-32<10且MINI单相组在年龄、性别、婚姻状况、首次发病年龄上差异无统计学意义。HCL-32阳性回答条目数从高到低依次为HCL-32≥14且MINI双/单相组、10≤HCL-32<14且MINI双/单相组、HCL-32<10且MINI单相组。HCL-32≥14且MINI单/双相组抑郁发作更频繁、伴有更多的不典型特征、自杀观念行为、精神病性症状和具有周期性/季节性特点,有更多阳性家族史、既往曾被诊断过双相、目前更多使用抗抑郁剂以及情感"高涨"状态持续时间长于HCL-32<10且MINI单相组。结论:HCL-32≥14且MINI单/双相患者较HCL-32<10且MINI单相患者具有更多的临床特征,双相障碍的可能性更大。     

经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值研究

目的 研究经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值。方法 分析2018年5月—2020年9月郴州市第一人民医院56例经蝶窦手术的垂体腺瘤患者资料,其中运用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣32例,未用24例。筛查经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的相关因素。结果 经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏与年龄大于65岁、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、手术时间超过120 min都呈正相关（均P<0.05）,与用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣呈负相关（P<0.05）。影响经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的因素有再次手术（95％CI:1.205～859.886, P=0.038)、肿瘤直径大于2 cm(95％CI:1.371～375.766, P=0.029)、术中鞍膈破裂（95％CI:5.351～14461.621,P=0.005)、用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣（95％CI:0.001～0.371, P=0.009)。模型预测值绘制ROC曲线及分析,得到AUC=0.971（95%CI：0.935~1.000）,敏感度为1,特异性为0.882。结论 再次手术、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、未用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣是经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏的危险因素,而应用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣能减少这种不良并发症的发生。