Arterial effects of salt restriction in hypertensive patients. A 9-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemodynamic effects of a moderately low-salt diet in a 9-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 20 hypertensive, ambulatory patients. METHODS: All subjects followed a 9-week, low-salt diet. During this period, they received capsules containing either lactose or salt in 4-week treatment periods, separated by a 1-week washout period. Hemodynamic and biological parameters were evaluated on the day of randomization and at the end of weeks 4 and 9. We defined a low-sodium diet (LSD) as a salt-restriction period with lactose capsules, and a normal-sodium diet (NSD) as a salt-restriction period with capsular salt supplementation. RESULTS: Blood pressure was significantly lower during LSD compared with NSD. This fall in blood pressure was associated with a decrease in peripheral resistance in carotid and forearm circulation. Brachial artery diameter was larger during LSD whereas carotid artery diameter remained unchanged. The changes in brachial artery were: (1) not related to blood pressure changes; (2) positively related to age, and (3) negatively correlated with baseline intracellular sodium content. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that moderate low-salt restriction is capable of decreasing blood pressure and peripheral resistance in carotid and forearm circulation. The increase in brachial, but not carotid, artery diameter following salt restriction suggests a difference in salt dependence among different arteries.     

寰椎变异的观测 Ⅰ.中国人寰椎后桥和侧桥的观测

本文对300个寰椎的后桥和侧桥的存在情况作了观察。其中129个寰椎(43.0％)有后部分桥,22个寰椎(7.3％)有后完整桥;34个寰椎有侧部分桥(11.3％),16个寰椎(5.3％)有侧完整桥。经统计学检验,在左右侧后完整桥及左右侧侧完整桥间均无显著性差异。对寰椎横突孔、后弧孔及侧弧孔内径的测量显示,绝大部分后弧孔(92.0％)较同侧横突孔小,且右横突孔与右后弧孔间存在高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。此外,还测量了两种完整骨桥的宽度,探讨了狭小后弧孔对正常椎动脉机能的可能影响,分析了文献中关于寰椎桥的起源。     

鞋带式可调整缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的评价鞋带式可调整缝线在小梁切除术中作用和效果。方法回顾性分析首次接受小梁切除术的青光眼患者156例205眼,其中无可调整缝线(A组)41眼,行褥式可调整缝线(B组)66眼和行鞋带式可调整缝线者(C组)98眼,对照分析各组术后低眼压、浅前房、脉络膜脱离等并发症的发生情况。结果3组病例术后眼压控制理想;术后浅前房、低眼压发生率C组低于A组和B组,差异均具显著性意义(P<0.05);脉络膜脱离发生率C组低于A组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后浅前房持续时间C组、B组明显低于A组,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论鞋带式可调整缝线在小梁切除术中的效果确切,可增加手术安全性,减少术后早期并发症。     

儿科用药的一些新观念

1背景资料自从1928年弗来明发明了青霉素,治愈了千百万各种细菌性感染的病人,使人类社会欣喜若狂,然而随着这个代表医学界里程碑式革命的发明的延续,以及随后产生的各式各样抗生素,而且品种规格愈来愈高级,每年要耗费数百亿美元,使应用抗生素成了许多医生第一本领,很难想象离开了抗生素,医生将如何工作。应用抗生素已有50多年历史,其结果是带来人菌大战,新的抗生素不断产生,细菌为了求生存对抗生素产生了耐药性,这种耐药性可以质粒遗传给细菌后代。细菌产生耐药性的速度是惊人的,有时超过抗生素的发展。人菌大战胜者是谁,尚难定论。抗生素的…     

黄芪注射液治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的 :观察黄芪注射液对充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)的治疗效果。方法 :将 12 7例心衰病人随机分为 2组。对照组 5 5例 ,给予传统治疗心衰药物洋地黄、利尿剂及休息、低盐饮食、吸氧等治疗 ;治疗组 72例 ,在对照组病人用药的基础上加黄芪注射液 40ml ,静脉滴注 ,每日 1次 ,2组均连续用药 15天。结果 :总有效率治疗组 91 7%,对照组 6 7 3%,治疗组效果明显优于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,且 2组自身对照 ,治疗后好转程度 ,治疗组优于对照组 ,左室射血分数 (LVEF)明显好于对照组。结论 :在常规治疗CHF的同时加用黄芪注射液可显著提高疗效。     

大鼠摄入铝,氟及其不同比例混合物后血和骨中铝氟含量分析

Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups:control, 300 ppm F, 130 ppm F, 300 ppm Al, 1200 ppm Al, 130 ppm Al + 130 ppm F. 300 ppm Al + 300 ppm F and 1200 ppm Al + 300 ppm F. The chemicals were mixed into the standard diet. The animals were fed on the diets for 12 weeks. Contents of F, Al, Ca and P in the blood (or serum) and humerus were determined at the end of 12 weeks. The results showed that the level of F in the blood and bone in the unadulterated F group was increased, especially F in the bone reached a level more than 10 times that of the control. In the 3 mixture groups, blood F and bone F were lowered, while blood F was restored to normal level, but bone F was not nevertheless, the results showed that Al was in antagonism to the absorption of F. In the unadulterated Al groups, blood and bone Al did not parallel with the amount of Al administered. The level of Al in the median Al group was higher than that of the high Al group. Taking the level of blood and bone Al as a measure, when different doses of Al were administered with F, in the low and median dosage of Al, F was in antagonism to Al absorption, but in case of high dosage of Al, F was in potentiation to Al absorption. In all the experimental groups serum P was elevated, but serum Ca was not disturbed. Bone Ca and P were decreased only in the 3 groups with unadulterated F as well as unadulterated and adulterated high dosage of Al. Mechanism of the nonlinearity of Al absorption vs Al dosage, as well as the dual effect of F on the absorption of Al was proposed.     

下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的：探讨下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的应用价值。方法：选择10例DVT患，使用进口铁质滤器，经股静脉或颈静脉途径置人下腔静脉，随访8—20个月。结果：10例患中无一例发生肺动脉栓塞和其他严重并发症。结论：下腔静脉滤器置人方法简单，安全；可有效防止肺动脉栓塞的发生。     

肝病患者血清中总胆汁酸测定的意义

采用全自动酶法分析法 ,测定 32 1例各种肝病患者血清总胆汁酸 (TBA)。结果表明 :血清总胆汁酸是一种较灵敏的肝功能指标。在各类肝病中 ,尤其是急性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者的总胆汁酸 (TBA)浓度均明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,并在肝功能常规指标改变不明显时对肝脏疾病的诊断有一定的价值     

传染病研究40年（1955～1995年）

本文综述本校传染病学教研室１９５５～１９９５年间所取得的科研成果。内容包括１０余种传染病与寄生虫病的临床和基础研究，其中以华支睾吸虫病、恙虫病等有广东特色的传染病以及伤寒、痢疾、病毒性肝炎等影响人民健康最普遍的传染病为重点。反映了建国以来各个时期本教研室对防治这些传染病所作的贡献。所取得的成果，相当一部分通过多年来的验证，已获得广大传染病工作者所认同或列为常规，部分已获得部委级奖励。现在重温这些成果，可能起承前启后的意义。     

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目的 探讨原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1993～2001年收治的18例原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤病人经手术治疗27例次的临床资料。结果 脂肪肉瘤占同期经手术探查的原发性腹膜后及肠系膜实体瘤的31．6％(18／57)；临床表现主要为进行性增大的腹部包块与消化道症状：病理类型以高分化型多见(13／18)；首诊后16例获得临床根治性切除，6例复发性脂肪肉瘤病人，共接受15次手术；全组合并单侧肾切除6例，部分结肠切除4例，部分空肠切除和胃大部切除各1例；肠系膜脂肪肉瘤手术多采用完整切除术(8／10)。结论 手术切除是目前唯一有效的治疗方法，必要时可行联合脏器切除术，但不应强求根治；为改善生存质量、延长生存期，对多发肿瘤不能完整切除者应积极实施姑息性减瘤术，多次复发者有条件可多次手术；采用完整切除术、尽量避免肠切除治疗对多发性及复发性肠系膜脂肪肉瘤具有重要临床价值。