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The state of the mother''s immune system during pregnancy has an important role in fetal development and disruptions in the balance of this system are associated with a range of neurologic, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Epidemiological and clinical reports reveal various clues that suggest a possible association between developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and family history of immune system dysfunction. Over the past three decades, analogous increases have been reported in both the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders and immune-related disorders, particularly allergy and asthma, raising the question of whether allergic asthma and characteristics of various neurodevelopmental disorders share common causal links. We used a mouse model of maternal allergic asthma to test this novel hypothesis that early fetal priming with an allergenic exposure during gestation produces behavioral deficits in offspring. Mothers were primed with an exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) before pregnancy, then exposed to either aerosolized OVA or vehicle during gestation. Both male and female mice born to mothers exposed to aerosolized OVA during gestation exhibited altered developmental trajectories in weight and length, decreased sociability and increased marble-burying behavior. Moreover, offspring of OVA-exposed mothers were observed to have increased serotonin transporter protein levels in the cortex. These data demonstrate that behavioral and neurobiological effects can be elicited following early fetal priming with maternal allergic asthma and provide support that maternal allergic asthma may, in some cases, be a contributing factor to neurodevelopmental disorders. 相似文献
33.
Maggie L. Westfal David C. Chang Cassandra M. Kelleher 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(1):140-144
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in demographics and outcomes of pediatric breast cancer in a United States population-based cohort.Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized to identify all pediatric patients with malignant breast tumors between 1973 and 2014. Analysis was performed using Stata Statistical Software version 13.1. Associations between categorical variables were made using X2 test. Log-rank test was used for univariate survival analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis investigated five-year survival rates across several variables. Adjusted analysis was performed using a Cox Proportional-Hazards regression.Results
134 patients with breast malignancies were identified. Carcinoma was the most prevalent histology (48.5%), followed by fibroepithelial tumors (FETs) (35.1%), and sarcoma (14.2%). FETs were twice as common in black compared to nonblack patients (56.3% vs. 29.0%, p?<?0.01). Analyzing histology by stage revealed that 100% of FETs were early stage disease (p?<?0.0001). 46.7% of the tumors tested were ER/PR negative, more than twice as many compared to the published adult estimate of 20.0%. Unadjusted survival analysis revealed worse survival for patients with adenocarcinoma/sarcomas, advanced stage, and high grade disease, without a survival difference between races.Conclusion
Breast cancer remains a rare malignancy among pediatric patients. Although black patients were found to have more noncarcinomatous tumors with less advanced disease, this did not confer a survival advantage.Type of study
Retrospective cohort study.Level of evidence
Level III. 相似文献34.
Ming-Yeh Yang Ching-Yuan Huang Tina H.T. Chiu Kai-Chih Chang Ming-Nan Lin Liang-Yü Chen Anren Hu 《Yao wu shi pin fen xi = Journal of food and drug analysis.》2019,27(2):494-501
Vitamin D is responsible for multiple metabolic functions in humans. Rickets are the most common disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is caused by poor calcium intake resulting in poor serum-ionized calcium. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and feasible method to determine the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in blood samples for clinical assessment. In this study, gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry with trimethylsilyl derivatization (TMS-GC-MS) is the most suitable protocol for quantitative analyses of 25(OH)D3. Performance of method was evaluated and compared with liquid chromatography and immunoassay. Method validation has been carried out with plasma specimens. The limit of quantitation of TMS-GC-MS method is 1.5 ppb with good linear correlation. Furthermore, the dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarians in Taiwan were assessed by our validated method. As a result, this vitamin D nutrition survey demonstrates that most Taiwanese people have insufficient vitamin D. Due to dietary habits; the male vegans may have the highest risk of vitamin D deficiency. 相似文献
35.
AbstractCadmium (Cd) as environmental pollutant can induce severe damage, particularly to the testis. This study investigated the effects of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on testicular dysfunction induced by Cd. Adult mice were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) with different doses of CAPE pretreatment. After CdCl2 injection, body/testis weight ratio decreased, Cd levels accumulated and zinc levels decreased in testis. Furthermore, Cd intoxication caused a significant increase of oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzymes activities, and glutathione levels. Interestingly, significant improvements were observed after the administration of CAPE. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of CAPE, linking Cd testicular dysfunction to oxidative stress. 相似文献
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目的 研究皖南地区儿童呼吸道病原体感染的流行病学特点,探讨混合病原体感染患儿血清中干扰素诱生蛋白10(interferon-inducible protein-10,IP-10),单核细胞趋化蛋白-1( monogyte chemoattractant protein-1),MCP-1表达水平在急性呼吸道感染诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集2017年6月~2019年6月皖南医学院第一、二附属医院急性呼吸道感染患儿血标本,采用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道九项病原体IgM,分析不同年龄段呼吸道病原体感染的差异性。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测混合感染患儿血清中IP-10,MCP-1的表达水平,分析炎症因子表达水平与疾病严重程度的相关性。结果 5 122例急性呼吸道感染患儿中,以肺炎支原体感染率最高,混合感染患儿共544例,以肺炎支原体联合呼吸道合胞病毒感染率最高。检测血清中的CRP,IP-10和MCP-1的表达水平相比较单独感染组,混合感染组升高更为明显,对比组之间的差异均具有统计学意义(F=1.045~4.889,均P<0.05)。相关性研究分析显示,混合感染组IP-10,MCP-1与CRP 表达水平呈正相关性(r = 0.612,P<0.001; r= 0.804,P<0.001)。结论 急性呼吸道感染患儿中,混合感染更易表现为咳嗽、鼻塞流涕及发热等症状,同时炎症反应增强,病情的严重程度增加,血清IP-10和MCP-1表达水平可作为急性呼吸道感染病情严重程度指标之一。 相似文献
38.
目的: 评估液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)分析人全血中环孢素的基质效应,并探究其发生机理。方法: 全血裂解物的蛋白沉淀上清液用作全血基质。分别用乙腈水溶液和全血基质配制等浓度环孢素A(CyA)、环孢素C(CyC)的质控样品。分别在添加H+、NH4+和Na+的流动相中,用LC-ESI-MS/MS的MRM模式检测质控样品中CyA,CyC的[M+H]+、[M+NH4]+和[M+Na]+(M=CyA,CyC)峰面积,以其计算基质效应因子;用MS Scan模式检查质控样品中CyA、CyC色谱流出峰的质谱离子组成情况,用于判断基质效应原因。结果: 在添加H+、NH4+和Na+的流动相中,全血基质中CyA、CyC基质效应因子分别为-76.6%~-54.0%、-86.0%~-55.3%和-42.8%~-34.1%。在加H+、加NH4+流动相中,标准液加全血基质的CyA、CyC色谱峰的质谱中出现丰度很高的[M+Na]+和[M+K]+,在加Na+流动相中它们出现丰度很高的[M+K]+,而对应的定量离子[M+H]+、[M+NH4]+或[M+Na]+的丰度显著降低。结论: 全血基质对环孢素的LC-ESI-MS/MS分析产生明显的基质效应,其原因与基质中Na+、K+同添加在流动相中用于辅助电离的H+、NH4+或Na+竞争与环孢素加合,导致定量目标加合离子丰度显著降低有关。 相似文献
40.