ICU医护合作与护士职业获益感的相关性研究

目的调查ICU医护合作关系及ICU护士职业获益感,分析医护合作对护士职业获益感的影响。方法采用医护合作量表、护士职业获益感量表对230名ICU护士进行调查。结果医护合作量表总分为(90.60±14.48)分,条目均分为(3.62±0.58)分;护士职业获益感总分为(133.39±17.11)分,条目均分为(4.04±0.52)分。回归分析显示,护士和医生的关系、患者信息的交流能力及职称是护士职业获益感的主要影响因素(调整R2=0.428)。结论ICU医护合作和护士职业获益感较高,且医护合作是护士职业获益感的重要影响因素,管理者应重视医护合作关系的建设,提升护士的积极职业认知。     

外来器械与植入物的双闭环管理

目的完善外来器械与植入物的管理流程,降低植入物提前放行率,确保医疗安全。方法采用双闭环管理模式对外来器械与植入物进行管理。医院层面闭环管理是利用医院耗材管理系统,实现外来器械与植入物的信息化管理,使临床科室、供应商、医学工程科、消毒供应中心、手术室、财务科各部门对外来器械的管理工作环环相扣;消毒供应闭环管理是将CSSD质量追溯系统与医院耗材管理系统对接,实现接收、清洗、消毒、包装、灭菌、使用、使用后再清洗消毒处理的信息化管理。结果实施闭环管理后植入物提前放行率由实施前的8.20%降低至1.59%。结论闭环管理模式明确了医院相关部门在外来器械与植入物管理环节中的职责,使临床科室医生对外来器械与植入物使用的风险有了足够的认识;使医院管理更趋精细化和规范化,有效规避因各环节过程管理中的疏漏带来的医疗风险,保障医疗安全。     

神经外科重症患者急性胃肠功能损伤管理模式的构建及实施

目的探讨神经外科重症患者急性胃肠功能损伤的有效管理模式。方法将421例神经外科ICU重症患者按时间段分为对照组203例、观察组218例,对照组采用常规治疗护理,观察组建立医护共同参与的急性胃肠功能损伤管理模式并用于患者管理。实施6个月后评价效果。结果观察组急性胃肠功能损伤程度、肠内营养等待时间、达到全量营养时间显著低于、短于对照组(均P0.01)。结论急性胃肠功能损伤管理模式的实施可减轻神经外科ICU重症患者急性胃肠功能损伤程度,使患者早期获得有效营养。     

肝切除术前肝脏储备功能评估的专家共识(2011版)

肝脏外科已走进了精准外科时代.精准肝脏外科在追求彻底清除目标病灶的同时,确保剩余肝脏解剖结构完整和功能性体积最大化,并最大限度控制手术出血和全身性创伤侵袭,最终使手术患者获得最佳康复效果[1-2].     

阿奇霉素对大鼠阿霉素肾病的干预作用

目的 通过观察阿奇霉素对阿霉素肾病大鼠血、尿生化指标、肾脏组织病理以及细胞间黏附因子1（ICAM-1）、nephrin与podocalyxin在肾组织表达的影响,探讨其在大鼠阿霉素肾病中的干预作用。 方法 建立大鼠阿霉素肾病模型,分为阿奇霉素治疗组、泼尼松治疗组、联合治疗组、模型组及正常对照组。监测实验0、4、8周24 h尿蛋白量（24 h-up）及血生化指标动态变化,计算内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）。观察肾组织病理形态学改变。免疫组化SP法观察肾组织中ICAM-1、nephrin、podocalyxin的表达。 结果 实验4周时尿蛋白及白蛋白指标均达到肾病模型要求,提示模型制作成功。实验8周,与模型组相比,各治疗组大鼠的各项观察指标均有不同程度改善,24 h-up、胆固醇、Scr显著降低（P < 0.05）,总蛋白、Alb及Ccr（除外C组）有所增加（P < 0.05）,肾组织病理改变减轻,肾脏病理积分及细胞外基质/肾小球面积比值降低（P < 0.01）,肾小球及肾小管ICAM-1表达减少（P < 0.01）,nephrin、podocalyxin表达增高。综合比较,其中联合治疗组疗效最好。 结论 阿奇霉素对阿霉素肾病大鼠的干预有类似于泼尼松样的治疗作用,但其对早期肾功能的保护作用逊于泼尼松,而二者联合应用可起到协同治疗的作用,其药效明显优于两药的单独应用。     

甲状腺癌大小及位置对超声引导下细针抽吸诊断准确率的影响

目的探讨甲状腺癌结节的大小、位置对超声引导下细针抽吸(US-FNA)诊断准确率的影响。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的87例甲状腺癌患者共87个结节术前US-FNA的资料,以BSTC分级Ⅳ级作为US-FNA诊断甲状腺癌标准,根据US-FNA结果与手术病理结果是否相符,将结节分为A组(相符组)和B组(不相符组)。比较两组结节的最大径及结节浅部距甲状腺浅部被膜距离的差异。绘制ROC曲线,获得结节最大径及距甲状腺浅部被膜距离的截断值。结果 US-FNA与手术病理结果相符率为79.31%(69/87)。A组结节最大径为(1.63±0.58)cm,B组为(1.01±0.42)cm;A组结节距甲状腺浅部被膜距离为(4.15±1.83)mm,B组为(7.86±2.08)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。根据ROC曲线分析,结节最大径的截断值为1.05cm,结节距浅部被膜距离的截断值为6.1mm。结论甲状腺癌的大小及位置均可影响US-FNA诊断准确率。     

Cartilage‐Specific Autophagy Deficiency Promotes ER Stress and Impairs Chondrogenesis in PERK‐ATF4‐CHOP–Dependent Manner

Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions to facilitate cell survival. Because growth plate is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, autophagy may have a crucial role during chondrogenesis; however, the functional role and underlying mechanism of autophagy in regulation of growth plate remains elusive. In this study, we generated ^TamCartAtg7^–/– (Atg7cKO) mice to explore the role of autophagy during endochondral ossification. Atg7cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that Atg7 ablation mainly induced the PERK‐ATF4‐CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth plate chondrocytes. Although Atg7 ablation induced ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes, the addition of phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone known to attenuate ER stress, partly neutralized such effects of Atg7 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative interaction between autophagy and ER stress in growth plate. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that Atg7 ablation in cultured chondrocytes resulted in defective autophagy, elevated ER stress, decreased chondrocytes proliferation, impaired expression of col10a1, MMP­13, and VEGFA for chondrocyte differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis, while such effects were partly nullified by reduction of ER stress with PBA. In addition, Atg7 ablation‐mediated impaired chondrocyte function (chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP^–/– cells, indicating the causative role of the PERK‐ATF4‐CHOP axis of the ER stress response in the action of autophagy deficiency in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy deficiency may trigger ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes and contribute to growth retardation, thus implicating autophagy as an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of autophagy in cartilage homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

A randomised trial of peri‐operative positive airway pressure for postoperative delirium in patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea after regional anaesthesia with sedation or general anaesthesia for joint arthroplasty

Previous pilot work has established an association between obstructive sleep apnoea and the development of acute postoperative delirium 1 - 3 , but it remains unclear to what extent this risk factor is modifiable in the ‘real world’ peri‐operative setting. In a single‐blind randomised controlled trial, 135 elderly surgical patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were randomly assigned to receive peri‐operative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or routine care. Of the 114 patients who completed the study, 21 (18.4%) experienced delirium. Delirium was equally common in both groups: 21% (12 of 58 subjects) in the CPAP group and 16% (9 of 56 subjects) in the routine care group (OR = 1.36 [95%CI 0.52–3.54], p = 0.53). Delirious subjects were slightly older – mean (SD) age 68.9 (10.7) vs. 64.9 (8.2), p = 0.07 – but had nearly identical pre‐operative STOP‐Bang scores (4.19 (1.1) versus 4.27 (1.3), p = 0.79). Subjects in the CPAP group used their devices for a median (IQR [range]) of 3 (0.25–5 [0–12]) nights pre‐operatively (2.9 (0.1–4.8 [0.0–12.7]) hours per night) and 1 (0–2 [0–2]) nights postoperatively (1.4 (0.0–5.1 [0.0–11.6]) hours per night). Among the CPAP subjects, the residual pre‐operative apnoea–hypopnea index had a significant effect on delirium severity (p = 0.0002). Although we confirm that apnoea is associated with postoperative delirium, we did not find that providing a short‐course of auto‐titrating CPAP affected its likelihood or severity. Voluntary adherence to CPAP is particularly poor during the initiation of therapy.     

CT引导下经皮冷热交替复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤近期效果及其安全性

目的 观察CT引导下复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的近期效果及其安全性。方法 回顾性分析45例接受CT引导下经皮冷热交替复合式冷冻消融（康博刀）治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,包括原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）20例、肝转移癌25例;共治疗50个病灶,对18例20个（16例1个病灶、2例2个）病灶行根治性消融,对27例30个（25例1个、1例2个、1例3个）病灶行姑息性消融,记录术中及术后不良反应。于术后1、3和6个月复查腹部增强CT或MR,参照改良实体瘤疗效评价标准（mRECIST）判断疗效。结果 45例均顺利完成消融治疗,其中37例采用单针、8例采用双针进行消融。6例术中及术后肝周少量积血或积液,1例术中局部皮肤轻度冻伤,术后8例轻度恶心,均自行或经对症处理后恢复。20个根治性消融病灶术后1个月均达完全缓解（CR）,术后3、6个月均为19个（19/20,95.00%） CR、1个（1/20,5.00）疾病进展（PD）;30个姑息性消融病灶术后1个月25个（25/30,83.33%）部分缓解（PR）、5个（5/30,16.67%）疾病稳定（SD）,术后3个月22个（22/30,73.33%） PR、7个（7/30,23.33%） SD、1个（1/30,3.33%） PD,术后6个月17个（17/30,56.67%） PR、7个（7/30,23.33%） SD、6个（6/30,20.00%） PD。结论 CT引导下复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤近期疗效及安全性均较好。