Discriminative Analysis of Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns for Mental Fatigue Classification

Mental fatigue is a commonly experienced state that can be induced by placing heavy demands on cognitive systems. This often leads to lowered productivity and increased safety risks. In this study, we developed a functional-connectivity based mental fatigue monitoring method. Twenty-six subjects underwent a 20-min mentally demanding test of sustained attention with high-resolution EEG monitoring. Functional connectivity patterns were obtained on the cortical surface via source localization of cortical activities in the first and last 5-min quartiles of the experiment. Multivariate pattern analysis was then adopted to extract the highly discriminative functional connectivity information. The algorithm used in the present study demonstrated an overall accuracy of 81.5% (p < 0.0001) for fatigue classification through leave-one-out cross validation. Moreover, we found that the most discriminative connectivity features were located in or across middle frontal gyrus and several motor areas, in agreement with the important role that these cortical regions play in the maintenance of sustained attention. This work therefore demonstrates the feasibility of a functional-connectivity-based mental fatigue assessment method, opening up a new avenue for modeling natural brain dynamics under different mental states. Our method has potential applications in several domains, including traffic and industrial safety.     

Recyclable iron(ii) caffeine-derived ionic salt catalyst in the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and α,β-unsaturated N-acyl-oxazolidinones in dimethyl carbonate

Iron(ii) triflate was used in combination with caffeine-derived salts as recyclable catalysts for the Diels–Alder reaction run in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent. The catalyst was prepared as an ionic salt from a xanthinium salt and Fe(OTf)₂. Various substrates including α,β-unsaturated carbonyl and N-acyloxazolidinone derivatives were reacted with cyclopentadiene using this recyclable catalyst. The use of a low catalyst loading (1 mol%) afforded high yields (up to 99%) of the corresponding cycloadducts. The recycling and the efficiency of the catalyst were demonstrated for several runs.

Iron(ii) triflate was used in combination with caffeine-derived salts as recyclable catalysts for the Diels–Alder reaction run in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent.     

Erythrocyte membrane affinity chromatography,solid-phase extraction and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS to screen active ingredients of Buyang Huanwu decoction

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used to treat ischemic brain damage which is associated with hemorheology. To screen active ingredients in BHD responsible for reducing blood viscosity by reducing red blood cell (RBC) lesions to treat ischemic stroke, a method involving RBC membrane binding and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed in this study. The components of BHD interacting with RBC were analyzed by mass spectrometry and four compounds, calycosin, paeoniflorin, 6-hydroxy behenol-3,6-di-O-glucoside and calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, showed binding affinity to RBCs. An erythrocyte activity assay revealed that the identified ingredients promoted the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, sialic acid and superoxide dismutase and reduced the content of cholesterol on the RBC membrane, suggesting a mechanism underlying their anti-erythrocyte aggregation activity. Based on these results, the RBC membrane binding assay combined with SPE and mass spectrometry is a novel and effective approach for screening potentially anti-erythrocyte lesion constituents in traditional Chinese medicines.

A method that uses erythrocyte membrane and solid-phase extraction to isolate the specific compounds of Buyang Huanwu decoction was developed.     

泥鳅粉对训练小鼠游泳力竭24h后心肌S100A4蛋白表达的影响

目的从心肌S100A4蛋白表达变化探讨生泥鳅干预对游泳训练力竭小鼠心肌的作用。方法24只健康雄性ICR小鼠分为安静组(C)、运动组(T)、泥鳅运动组(N),T组和N组游泳训练3w后进行力竭运动,24h后取材检测血清CK-MB,HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织,免疫组化法检测心肌P53和S100A4蛋白的表达。结果①N组力竭游泳时间显著地长于T组(<0.01),血清CK-MB活性显著地低于T组和C组(<0.05)。②T组的心肌细胞界限模糊、可见心肌纤维断裂和间质水肿,而N组无明显病理表现。③与C组比较,T组心肌P53蛋白的表达显著增高(﹤0.05);S100A4蛋白N组显著增高(﹤0.05)。结论负荷游泳训练并力竭24 h后小鼠的心肌细胞存在损害,生泥鳅干预能上调S100A4表达和减弱P53表达而降低损害。     

血清IL-8、IL-10、PCT在小儿肺炎支原体肺炎治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨血清中白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-10(IL-10)和降钙素原(PCT)在小儿肺炎支原体肺炎发病中的临床价值。方法用ELISA法和化学发光法检测62例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿治疗前后及50例同期幼儿园和小学生健康体检者血清中IL-8、IL-10和PCT水平,结合临床相关检查资料,对检测结果采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行统计学分析,各组实验数据以均数±标准差(±)表示,各实验组间比较计量资料的t检验,<0.05为有统计学意义。结果 MPP组治疗前：IL-8(16.38±9.63 pg/ml)、IL-10(13.59±8.41 pg/ml)、PCT(0.68±0.52 mg/L)与对照组IL-8(4.66±3.92 pg/ml)、IL-10(5.67±3.03 pg/ml)、PCT(0.29±0.16 mg/L)浓度比较有显著性差异(<0.05);MPP组治疗6~8d后IL-8(5.15±4.49 pg/ml)、IL-10(6.42±5.06 pg/ml)、PCT(0.31±0.18 mg/L)浓度较治疗前均有明显下降,有显著性差异(<0.05),与健康对照组比较,两者差异无统计学意义(>0.05)。结论 MPP患儿入院治疗前、治疗后血清IL-8、IL-l0,PCT含量的变化对疾病的进展和疗效有一定指导意义,提示IL-8、IL-10和PCT在MPP发病机制中起重要作用。     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential simplified phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase alpha inhibitors

A series of thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors was designed using the combination strategy. The synthesis and biological evaluation of the derivatives demonstrated their potent inhibition of PI3K, culminating in the discovery of 7 and 21 . Determination of a co‐crystal structure of 7 complexed with PI3Kα provided the structural basis for the high enzymatic activity. Furthermore, cellular investigation of compounds 7 and 21 revealed that they efficiently suppressed cancer cell lines proliferation through inhibition of intracellular PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. The results provided potent simplified inhibitors of PI3K with a promising overall profile and a chemical series for further optimization to progress into vivo experiments.     

经口内镜下肌切开术对贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力的影响

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)初次治疗对贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)患者术后食管动力的影响。方法纳入2012年1月至2016年6月期间于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊并行POEM治疗的AC患者,按研究设计完成各项检查、POEM治疗及随访观察,比较各型AC患者的POEM治疗成功率以及POEM治疗前后食管动力的改变。结果POEM术后6个月随访时,Ⅰ型AC患者的症状缓解率为100.0%(13/13),Ⅱ型为95.5%(42/44),Ⅲ型为90.1%(10/11)。与术前比较,术后1~6个月内下食管括约肌静息压[10.5(6.9,15.8)mmHg比24.6(18.3,35.1)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、4 s整合松弛压[6.0(3.7,8.8)mmHg比21.8(15.3,28.0)mmHg]、上食管括约肌静息压[43.4(33.7,57.3)mmHg比45.3(33.2,71.1)mmHg]、上食管括约肌残余压[1.5(0.0,4.6)mmHg比3.9(1.1,6.9)mmHg]均明显改善(P均<0.05)。术后6个月,食管腔扩张的最宽直径较术前明显减小[(3.0±0.7)cm比(3.9±1.1)cm,P<0.001],总Eckardt评分较术前明显降低[1(0,2)分比6(5,8)分,P<0.001]。POEM术后,Ⅰ型AC患者食管体部均未出现蠕动恢复,Ⅱ型AC患者中有4例(9.1%,4/44)较术前恢复弱蠕动或期前收缩,Ⅲ型AC患者中10例(90.9%,10/11)较术前出现正常蠕动波、期前收缩或弱蠕动的比例增加。结论POEM术后不仅食管胃交界部流出道梗阻得到改善,而且食管体部动力也一定程度上发生改变,其中部分患者体部动力有一定恢复;但是这种变化在3个AC亚型表现不同,Ⅲ型最明显,其次是Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型则无明显改变。     

结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤癌变的内镜学特征

目的 探讨结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤（laterally spreading tumor,LST）癌变的独立预测因素。方法 回顾性收集于2013年6月—2019年3月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院因结直肠LST行内镜治疗患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟史、病变的内镜学特征和病理学特点。用单因素分析寻找癌变的影响因素,对于其中差异有统计学意义的因素再纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 共纳入了323例患者341处病变。假凹陷型LST的癌变率最高[85.48%（53/62）],其次为结节混合型[76.97%（117/152）],均显著高于颗粒均一型[29.51%（18/61）,P均＜0.001]和扁平隆起型[24.24%（16/66）,P均＜0.001]。单因素分析显示,假凹陷型（P＜0.001,OR=18.40,95%CI：7.46～45.42）、结节混合型（P＜0.001,OR=10.45,95%CI：5.30～20.58）、位于直乙部位（P＜0.001,OR=2.33,95%CI：1.47～3.69）、直径≥2 cm（P＜0.001,OR=2.60,95%CI：1.60～4.00）是病变发生癌变的危险因素。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,假凹陷型（P＜0.001,OR=17.51,95%CI：7.06～43.43）、结节混合型（P＜0.001,OR=8.25,95%CI：4.07～16.73）、直径≥2 cm（P=0.032,OR=1.80,95%CI：1.05～3.08）是结直肠LST发生癌变的独立预测因素。结论 当LST为假凹陷型、结节混合型或直径≥2 cm时病变发生癌变的风险高,需要采取整块切除的方式治疗。     

Laimer纤维在贲门失弛缓症患者中的表现情况

目的探讨Laimer纤维在贲门失弛缓症（AC）患者中的发生情况及其形态学特征。方法收集107例行经口内镜下肌切开术（POEM）治疗的AC患者的病例资料,重新筛查每例患者的POEM手术视频,根据患者性别、年龄段、AC内镜下Ling分型及Laimer纤维所在部位分类统计Laimer纤维发现率并行对比分析。结果44例存在Laimer纤维,发现率为41．12％（44／107）。不同性别、不同年龄段AC患者中发现率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;LingIIb型发现率最高（46．15％,12／26）,其次为I型（45．83％,22／48）,Ⅲ型无发现,Ling各型发现率比较差异无统计学意义（X2=2．042,P=0．564）;Laimer纤维均位于食管下段括约肌中,食管右侧壁发现率最高（36．45％,39／107）,其次为食管左侧壁（3．74％,4／107）,食管前壁无发现,食管各部位发现率比较差异有统计学意义（X2=107．468,P=0．000）,但是食管不同部位黏膜隧道开口者发现率比较差异无统计学意义（X2=7．055,P=0．070）。结论Laimer纤维较为普遍存在于AC患者食管下段括约肌中,且多见于食管右侧壁,但与AC的发病关系以及对食管下段括约肌功能的影响尚需进一步研究验证。