Preventive HIV Vaccine Acceptability and Behavioral Risk Compensation among a Random Sample of High-Risk Adults in Los Angeles (LA VOICES)

Objective. To assess HIV vaccine acceptability among high‐risk adults in Los Angeles. Study Setting. Sexually transmitted disease clinics, needle/syringe exchange programs, Latino community health/HIV prevention programs. Study Design. Cross‐sectional survey using conjoint analysis. Participants were randomly selected using three‐stage probability sampling. Data Collection. Sixty‐minute structured interviews. Participants rated acceptability of eight hypothetical vaccines, each with seven dichotomous attributes, and reported post‐vaccination risk behavior intentions. Principal Findings. Participants (n=1164; 55.7 percent male, 82.4 percent ethnic minority, mean age=37.4 years) rated HIV vaccine acceptability from 28.4 to 88.6; mean=54.5 (SD=18.8; 100‐point scale). Efficacy had the greatest impact on acceptability, followed by side effects and out‐of‐pocket cost. Ten percent would decrease condom use after vaccination. Conclusions. Findings support development of social marketing interventions to increase acceptability of “partial efficacy” vaccines, behavioral interventions to mitigate risk compensation, and targeted cost subsidies.     

Overexpression of mitochondrial Hsp70/Hsp75 protects astrocytes against ischemic injury in vitro.

Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70/Hsp75/Grp75/mortalin/TRAP-1/PBP74) is an essential mitochondrial chaperone and a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. Although many studies have shown the protective properties of overexpression of the cytosolic inducible member of the HSP70 family, Hsp72, few studies have investigated the protective potential of Hsp75 against ischemic injury. Mitochondria are one of the primary targets of ischemic injury in astrocytes. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Hsp75 overexpression on cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and viability during the ischemia-like conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or glucose deprivation (GD) in primary astrocytic cultures. We show that Hsp75 overexpression decreases ROS production and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential during GD, and preserves ATP levels and cell viability during OGD. These findings indicate that Hsp75 can provide protection against ischemia-like in vitro injury and suggest that it should be further studied as a potential candidate for protection against ischemic injury.     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在糖尿病大鼠肾组织细胞外基质重构中的作用

目的探讨糖尿病大鼠肾组织磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)及其下游转录因子cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cREB1)的表达特征及与细胞外基质重构的关系。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只，行右肾切除术2周后，随机均分为右肾切除对照组(CN组)和糖尿病组(DM组)。DM组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)65mg／kg诱发糖尿病模型，并于注射后1、2、4、8、12周各宰取6只大鼠，免疫组化检测肾皮质磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)及其磷酸化CREE1(p-CREB1)的表达特征，Western blot检测肾皮质p38MAPK和CREE1磷酸化(活性)，RT-PCR检测p38 MAPK、CREB1和纤维粘连蛋白(FN)mRNA的表达。结果与对照组相比，DM病组p-p38 MAPK在1、2、4和8周升高，在12周降至正常；p-CREB1在2、4和8周增高，在12周时降至正常；FN于4周开始升高。结论早期糖尿病大鼠肾组织中p38 MAPK及CREB1的活性升高；p38 MAPK途径的激活有可能在糖尿病肾病的细胞外基质重构中发挥一定作用。     

影响成人骨性Ⅲ类错（he）侧貌的软硬组织相关性分析

目的：研究成人骨性Ⅲ类错（he）患者软硬组织二者之间的相关性，并间接了解对软组织侧貌影响较大的硬组织指标，为临床诊断和治疗设计提供指导。方法：对20例成人骨性Ⅲ类错（he）患者进行软硬组织X线头影测量，所得数据用SPSS软件做相关性分析。结果：多数软硬组织侧貌美学指标有明显的相关性。影响的软组织美学指标最多硬组织测量项目依次为：SND、1-T、SNB、T—NB、T-NB（mm）、ANB、1-NA、1-NA（mm）、SNA、FMIA。结论：成人骨性Ⅲ类错（he）惠者硬组织面型构成了软组织面型的基础和支架，影响的软组织美学指标最多硬组织测量项目多集中在面型的下1／3处，即下颌骨区。     

Hyperpolarizing action of enkephalin on neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro

Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the dorsomotor vagal nucleus (DMV) in slices of rat medulla oblongata. [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE), applied by perfusion (0.01-3 microM) or droplets, dose-dependently hyperpolarized 85% of the DMV neurons tested. The hyperpolarization, associated with a decrease in membrane resistance, persisted after elimination of synaptic activity by perfusion with Ca2(+)-free/high-Mg2+ solution or with 1 microM TTX solution. The opioid antagonist, naloxone, reversibly inhibited DADLE-induced hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization depended on extracellular K+ concentration and reversed at about -90 mV. DADLE also decreased Ca2(+)-dependent spike duration and after-hyperpolarization (AHP). DAGO (a selective mu-receptor agonist), but not DPLPE (a selective delta-receptor agonist), mimicked DADLE's effects on membrane potential, Ca2(+)-dependent spike duration, and AHP. It is concluded that DADLE, through postsynaptic mu-type opioid receptors, hyperpolarized DMV neurons by increasing K+ conductance, which may have an inhibitory effect on DMV output. DADLE-induced decrease of spike duration and AHP was also mediated by mu-receptors and could have additional effects on functions of the DMV neuron by virtue of reduction in Ca2+ entry.     

2-甲砜基嘧啶类化合物的合成及其用于活性染料的制备

以硫脲为原料,经甲基化(产率为96%、文献值为84%)成环缩合(产率为97.4%、文献值为89.7%).氯化氯代(产率为70.7%)、氧化(产率为80.7%)得到活性基团:2-甲砜基-4,5-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶。总产率为53.5%。并从硫脲和丙二酸二乙酯出发,经过一系列中间步骤合或了2-甲砜基-4.6-二氯-5-取代基-5-甲基、氢、溴、氯、嘧啶。可作为活性中间体用以制备一系列活性染料。     

Mapping 3D fiber orientation in tissue using dual-angle optical polarization tractography

Optical polarization tractography (OPT) has recently been applied to map fiber organization in the heart, skeletal muscle, and arterial vessel wall with high resolution. The fiber orientation measured in OPT represents the 2D projected fiber angle in a plane that is perpendicular to the incident light. We report here a dual-angle extension of the OPT technology to measure the actual 3D fiber orientation in tissue. This method was first verified by imaging the murine extensor digitorum muscle placed at various known orientations in space. The accuracy of the method was further studied by analyzing the 3D fiber orientation of the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. Finally we showed that dual-angle OPT successfully revealed the unique 3D “arcade” fiber structure in the bovine articular cartilage.OCIS codes: (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography, (110.5405) Polarimetric imaging, (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging, (260.5430) Polarization     

瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞Fas基因外显子8基因突变的序列分析

背景：瘢痕疙瘩是损伤愈合过程的结果，是带有突变基因的成纤维细胞寿命延长，大量积聚及产生过量的胶原纤维形成的。 目的：探讨瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞与Fas基因外显子8基因突变的关系。 设计：以基因序列为观察对象的开放性研究。 单位：解放军第一军医大学南方医院整形外科。 对象：实验于2001年在解放军第一军医大学热带病研究所完成。所有黩痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕组织及外周血均取自南方医院整形外科的手术患者。分为瘢痕疙瘩患者15例，病变部位分别为耳垂及前胸。增生性瘢痕患者12例，病变部位分别位于足背和肘部。同时以瘢痕疙瘩患者自身正常皮肤及外周血为自身对照，增生性瘢痕患者及正常人皮肤与外周血标本为正常对照。 方法：采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态银染技术及基因序列分析，检测15例瘢痕疙瘩标本Fas基因外显子8的基因结构。 主要观察指标：检测各组组织及外周血标本中Fas基因外显子8的基因结构。 结果：①检测的15例瘢痕疙瘩患者中100％有Fas基因外显子8的杂合丢失。②15例瘢痕疙瘩标本基因测序有11例出现异常，共4处位点有基因突变。 结论：瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因外显子8有杂合丢失和基因突变的现象，提示瘢痕疙瘩Fas蛋白存在功能缺陷，与基因突变关系密切。     

组织工程支架材料三维多孔聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备

目的:制备组织工程支架材料,使其内部具有三维多孔结构,以种植和培养细胞。方法:利用氯化钠在二甲基亚砜/水溶液中的溶解度很小的特点,在聚乙烯醇的二甲基亚砜/水溶液中加入不同量的氯化钠颗粒,搅拌均匀而后迅速冷冻,待聚乙烯醇的二甲基亚砜/水凝胶形成后,将凝胶置于蒸馏水中1周,从而将该凝胶中的二甲基亚砜置换出并且溶出氯化钠,由此得到具有三维多孔结构的聚乙烯醇水凝胶。结果:①聚乙烯醇水凝胶的力学性能包括断裂强度,断裂伸长率,弹性模量等和制孔前相比基本没有变化,仍然符合作为组织工程支架材料的要求。②干燥速率随着孔隙率的增大先是降低后又上升。③水凝胶内部可以清晰地观察到三维孔隙结构,孔隙的大小符合作为组织工程支架材料的要求。结论:实验经过改进工艺方法,得到了具有三维多孔性的聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶。     

盐酸吡格列酮对大鼠高脂饮食性脂肪肝的预防和治疗作用

目的:观察吡格列酮对大鼠高脂饮食性脂肪肝的预防和治疗作用,并对其预防和治疗的效果进行比较。方法:实验于2005-01/07在河南省实验动物中心和河南省肿瘤病理重点实验室进行。取36只SD大鼠单纯随机分为2个系列6组:①预防系列分为10周处死正常组(n=6)、10周处死模型组(n=6)和吡格列酮预防组(n=7)3个组,10周处死正常组给予标准饲料,其他2组给予高脂饮食(标准饲料的基础上加13%的猪油、2%的胆固醇),饲养3周时吡格列酮预防组给予盐酸吡格列酮(杭州中美华东制药有限公司生产)20mg/(kg·d)灌胃,其他2组等量蒸馏水灌胃,饲养10周均处死。②治疗系列分为17周处死正常组(n=5)、17周处死模型组(n=5)和吡格列酮治疗组(n=7)3个组,17周处死正常组给予标准饲料,其他2组给予高脂饮食,饲养10周时吡格列酮治疗组给予盐酸吡格列酮20mg/(kg·d)灌胃,其他2组等量蒸馏水灌胃,饲养17周均处死。观测各组动物终末体质量、血清转氨酶、血脂、血糖、胰岛素、肝内脂质含量及病理组织学改变。结果:32只大鼠进入结果分析。①预防系列组结果:吡格列酮预防组肝指数(肝质量/体质量)、血清和肝脏三酰甘油、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数和肝脂变程度均显著低于10周处死模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05),与10周处死正常组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。三组之间血清及肝内胆固醇浓度比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。②治疗系列组结果:吡格列酮治疗组肝指数、血清转氨酶、胰岛素、三酰甘油、肝脏三酰甘油、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数和肝脂变程度均明显低于17周处死模型组(P<0.01或0.05),但与17周处死正常组比较仍有显著差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。吡格列酮治疗组和17周处死模型组血清及肝内总胆固醇浓度高于17周处死正常组(P<0.01),但前2组间比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:吡格列酮通过降脂和改善胰岛素敏感性,具有预防和治疗大鼠高脂饮食性脂肪肝的作用,但早期预防效果更佳。