46例社区获得性肺炎门诊初始治疗失败原因的临床分析

目的分析社区获得性肺炎门诊初始治疗失败的原因。方法对昆明理工大学医院2012年5月-2014年6月诊断为社区获得性肺炎初始治疗失败的46例病例进行回顾性分析。结果初始治疗失败病例中,抗菌使用药物分布情况:头孢类25例,青霉素类13例,氟喹诺酮类8例;年龄分布情况:60岁以下者11人,占24%;60岁以上者35例,占76%。结论选择社区获得性肺炎抗感染药物时要充分考虑混合感染,要将社区获得性肺炎指南与本地区耐药情况结合,药理学知识与患者自身情况结合,合理使用抗菌药物,提高临床有效率。     

Antigen-conjugated N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate Chitosan Nanoparticles Induce Strong Immune Responses After Nasal Administration

Pharmaceutical Research - Antigens were conjugated on the surface of N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses after nasal...     

R-Modafinil Attenuates Nicotine-Taking and Nicotine-Seeking Behavior in Alcohol-Preferring Rats

(±)-Modafinil (MOD) is used clinically for the treatment of sleep disorders and has been investigated as a potential medication for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction. However, the therapeutic efficacy of (±)-MOD for addiction is inconclusive. Herein we used animal models of self-administration and in vivo microdialysis to study the pharmacological actions of R-modafinil (R-MOD) and S-modafinil (S-MOD) on nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behavior, and mechanisms underlying such actions. We found that R-MOD is more potent and effective than S-MOD in attenuating nicotine self-administration in Long–Evans rats. As Long–Evans rats did not show a robust reinstatement response to nicotine, we used alcohol-preferring rats (P-rats) that display much higher reinstatement responses to nicotine than Long–Evans rats. We found that R-MOD significantly inhibited intravenous nicotine self-administration, nicotine-induced reinstatement, and nicotine-associated cue-induced drug-seeking behavior in P-rats. R-MOD alone neither sustained self-administration in P-rats previously self-administering nicotine nor reinstated extinguished nicotine-seeking behavior. The in vivo brain microdialysis assays demonstrated that R-MOD alone produced a slow-onset moderate increase in extracellular DA. Pretreatment with R-MOD dose-dependently blocked nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in both naive and nicotine self-administrating rats, suggesting a DA-dependent mechanism underlying mitigation of nicotine''s effects. In conclusion, the present findings support further investigation of R-MOD for treatment of nicotine dependence in humans.     

Effect of oxymatrine on CaMKII expression in sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in mice北大核心CSCD

Aim To observe the analgesic effect of oxymatrine (OMT) and its mechanism. Methods A peripheral mononeuropathy was produced in adult mice by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. The antinociceptive effects of the OMT were assessed in mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia tests. The CAMKII inhibitor KN-93 and AIP were adopted to investigate the influence of OMT on the analgesic effect and analyze its analgesic mechanisms. Western blot was used to evaluate the expressions of tCaMKII and pCaMKII protein. Results The intraperitoneal administration of OMT (160, 80 mg · kg-1) increased the paw withdrawal threshold in the mechanical allodynia test (P < 0. 05), OMT (160, 80, 40 mg · kg-1 , ip) remarkably decreased the paw lifts in the cold allodynia test (P < 0. 05). Ith KN-93 (1. 25 (μg/site), AIP (0. 02 μg/site) significantly enhanced the analgesic effect of OMT (35 mg · kg-1) (P<0. 01). Protein expression of pCaMKII was decreased by OMT(160 mg · kg-1). Conclusion OMT has significant protective effects on chronic constriction injury(CCI) in mice, and the effective mechanism of OMT inhibits the expression of CaMKII receptor.     

倒心盾翅藤提取物对大鼠肾草酸钙结石形成的抑制作用

目的:研究傣药倒心盾翅藤不同溶剂提取物对大鼠肾草酸钙结石形成的抑制作用。方法:取Wistar健康雄性大鼠90只,随机分为空白(等容蒸馏水)组,模型(等容蒸馏水)组,水提液高、低剂量[20、10 g(生药)/kg]组,50%醇提液高、低剂量[20、10 g(生药)/kg]组,95%醇提液高、低剂量组[20、10 g(生药)/kg]组,肾石通颗粒(5 g/kg)组,每组10只。除空白组外其余各组大鼠ig给予1%乙二醇+2%氯化铵以复制肾结石模型,复制模型给药5 h后各组大鼠ig给予相应药物,每天1次,持续4周。末次给药后检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、钙离子、磷含量,观察肾组织病理切片和草酸钙结晶情况,测定肾组织钙离子、镁离子含量。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清Cr、BUN和肾组织中钙离子含量均增加、肾组织中镁离子含量减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与模型组比较,水提液高剂量组和95%醇提液高剂量组大鼠血清Cr、BUN和肾组织中钙离子含量均明显减少,95%醇提液低剂量组和肾石通颗粒组大鼠血清Cr含量明显减少,水提液高剂量组大鼠肾组织中镁离子含量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);其余组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。镜下观察,模型组大鼠肾皮质和髓质交界处有多数结晶沉积,且晶体主要存在于肾小管内壁,管腔扩张明显;水提液高剂量组和95%醇提液高剂量组大鼠肾组织中草酸钙晶体明显减少(P<0.05),结晶大多散在分布,肾小管管腔扩张程度明显减轻。结论:傣药倒心盾翅藤对肾有一定的保护作用,能抑制大鼠肾草酸钙晶体的形成,具有预防肾结石的功效,其中95%醇提取液效果最好。     

Theoretical investigations on azole-fused tricyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrazine-2-oxides

Fused compounds, a unique class of large conjugate structures, have emerged as prime candidates over traditional nitrogen-rich mono-ring or poly-ring materials. Meanwhile, compounds containing catenated nitrogen chains have also attracted attention from scientists due to their high heats of formation. On the other hand, the azoxy [–N N(O)–] moiety has been found to increase density effectively in the molecular structure of compounds. Therefore, combining fused heterocyclic organic skeletons with the azoxy moiety can be regarded as an effective method for increasing the density and heat of formation, which results in substantial increase in detonation properties. Based on the above-mentioned considerations, in this study, a series of new non-hydrogen-containing 5/6/5 fused ring molecules with azoxy moiety structures are designed. Furthermore, their properties as potential high-energy-density materials, including their density, heats of formation, detonation properties, and impact sensitivity, have been extensively evaluated using thermodynamic calculations and density functional theory. Among the investigated compounds, 1,3,8,10-tetranitrodiimidazo[1,5-d:5′,1′-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine 5-oxide (B), 1,10-dinitrobis([1,2,3]triazolo)[1,5-d:5′,1′-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine 5-oxide (C) and 2,9-dinitrobis([1,2,4]triazolo)[1,5-d:5′,1′-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine 5-oxide (D) display remarkable stabilities and are predicted to be high-performance energetic materials due to their high density (>1.94 g cm⁻³), detonation velocity (>9616 m s⁻¹), and detonation pressure (>41.1 GPa). In addition, our design strategy, which combines the azoxy moiety and fused tricyclic skeleton to construct nitrogen-rich molecular structures with high density and positive heat of formation, is a valuable approach for developing novel high-energy-density materials with excellent performance and stability.

In this work, a series of novel non-hydrogen-containing 5/6/5 fused ring molecules with azoxy moiety were designed, some physicochemical or detonation properties of them were calculated.     

对基层食品药品监管部门广告监测工作的认识和思考

目的:对基层食品药品监督管理部门广告监测工作的现状进行分析和梳理,为新形势下进一步做好该项工作做好准备。方法:分析基层广告监测工作的重要性、存在的主要问题,并提出了意见和建议。结果与结论:基层食品药品监管部门的广告监测工作非常重要,需要从完善法律法规、提高工作主动性、改进和探索工作方法等多方面予以改进,进一步提高基层食品药品违法广告监测工作的质量。     

Tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a multiple center prospective study in China

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a highly aggressive form of lymphoma with poor clinical outcomes and no standard treatment regimen. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) for adult T-LBL and evaluated prognostic factors affecting survival. A total of 181 newly-diagnosed adult T-LBL patients were enrolled: 89 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, 46 were allocated to the single auto-HSCT group, 46 were treated with tandem auto-HSCT. Median follow-up time was 37 months; the 3-year progression/relapse rate of the tandem auto- HSCT group was significantly lower than that of the single auto-HSCT and chemotherapy groups (26.5% vs. 53.1% and 54.8%). The 3-year progression- free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the tandem auto- HSCT group (73.5% and 76.3%) were significantly higher than those of the single auto-HSCT group (46.9% and 58.3%) and the chemotherapy group (45.1% and 57.1%). In the tandem auto-HSCT group, age and disease status after the first transplant impacted OS and PFS. Multivariate analysis identified that disease status after the first transplant was the only independent prognostic factor for patients treated with tandem-HSCT. In addition, diagnostic models of the initial CD8⁺CD28⁺/CD8⁺CD28^– T-cell ratio in predicting the disease status were found to be significant. Taken together, tandem auto- HSCT can be considered an optimal strategy for adult T-LBL patients. (Study registered at: ChiCTR-ONN-16008480).     

Quantitative measurement of cartilage volume with automatic cartilage segmentation in knee osteoarthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - To determine the reproducibility of the automatic cartilage segmentation method using a prototype KneeCaP software (version 1.3; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and...     

A preliminary identification of PIN1 SNP linkage in patients with coronary heart disease from Handan,China

Our aim was to perform an initial assessment of the polymorphic patterns of the PIN1 gene in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The PIN1-encoded protein (Pin1) suppresses eNOS-NO signaling and may impair cardiovascular function. Blood collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification and gene sequencing were performed for thirty CHD participants living in central China, focusing on nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Their genetic linkages were revealed and their allele frequencies were compared with SNP data from the NCBI. Three major linkage patterns were identified: [1.rs2287839-5.rs2233682], [3.rs2233679-4.rs1077220–8.rs2287838] and [6.rs889162-7.rs2010457], suggesting correlated involvement in CHD and possible simultaneous genetic origin in ancient times. The frequencies of six SNPs are consistent with the NCBI data, while the frequencies of three SNPs (2.rs2233678, 4.rs1077220 and 9.rs4804461) are not consistent with the NCBI. Especially, the 3.rs2233679–4.rs1077220 linkage is different from other populations worldwide and may be an interesting genetic characteristic of Chinese CHD patients. Predictably, 1.rs2287839, 2.rs2233678, 3.rs2233679 and 5.rs2233682 may be strongly associated with CHD risk, although this requires future verification. The PIN1 SNP linkages lay a new genetic foundation for discovering novel molecular mechanisms of CHD and for exploring PIN1-based targeted treatment of CHD with nitric oxide regulatory therapies in clinical practice.