Role of interleukin‐17 in lymphangiogenesis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer: Enhanced production of vascular endothelial growth factor C in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma cells

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine, plays an active role in inflammation and cancer. Recently, we found that increased IL‐17‐producing cells correlate with poor survival and increased lymphangiogenesis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that IL‐17 promotes lymphangiogenesis via inducing vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) production by lung cancer cells. We found that IL‐17 receptor (IL‐17R) is expressed on the surface of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells but not on lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). Moreover, LEC chemotaxis and tube formation (measures of net lymphangiogenic potential) were increased by conditioned medium from recombinant mouse IL‐17 (rmIL‐17)‐stimulated LLC but not by rmIL‐17. Interleukin‐17 increased production of VEGF‐C in lung cancer cell lines. The enhanced chemotaxis and endothelial cord formation in the presence of LLC/rmIL‐17 was inhibited by addition of recombinant mouse VEGF R3/Fc chimera. Treatment of the A549 cells with rIL‐17 significantly increased VEGF‐C expression, which was extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) dependent. Importantly, we found significant correlations between IL‐17 expression, VEGF‐C expression and lymphatic vascular density (LVD) in NSCLC. We conclude that IL‐17 is involved in lymphangiogenesis in NSCLC by enhancing production of VEGF‐C, and IL‐17 may be an important target for the treatment of NSCLC. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2384–2390)     

Effect of Dermabrasion and ReCell? on Large Superficial Facial Scars Caused by Burn,Trauma and Acnes

Objective To explore the effects of dermabrasion combined with ReCell? on large superficial facial scars caused by burn, trauma and acnes. Methods Nineteen patients with large superficial facial scars were treated by the same surgeon with dermabrasion combined with ReCell?. According to the etiology, patients were classified into post-burning group (n=5), post-traumatic group (n=7) and post-acne group (n=7). Fifteen patients completed the follow-ups, 5 patients in each group. Healing time, complication rate, the preoperative and 18-month-post-operative assessments using Patient Satisfaction Score (PSS), Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) of each group were analyzed to compare the effect of the combined therapy on outcomes. Results The healing time of post-burning group (19.6±4.0 days), post-traumatic group (15.8±2.6 days), and post-acne group (11.4±3.1 days) varied remarkably (F=7.701,P=0.007). The complication rates were 60%, 20%, and 0 respectively. The post-operative POSAS improved significantly in all groups (P<0.05), where the most significant improvement was shown in the post-acne group (P<0.05). The post-operative PSS and VSS improved only in the post-traumatic group and post-acne group (allP<0.05), where the more significant improvement was also shown in the post-acne group (P<0.05). Conclusions The combined treatment of dermabrasion and ReCell? has remarkable effect on acne scars, moderate effect on traumatic scars and is not suggested for burn scars. POSAS should be applied to assess the therapeutic effects of treatments for large irregular scars.     

CatSper基因家族在人和小鼠组织中的表达特征

目的研究CatSper基因家族在人和小鼠组织中的分布特点。方法将不同发育阶段的小鼠睾丸组织cDNA与Affymetrix全基因组芯片探针进行杂交,筛选出差异表达基因CatSper基因家族。RT—PCR验证差异表达基因在不同发育阶段的小鼠睾丸组织的表达特征,及其在人和小鼠不同组织中的分布。结果基因芯片分析发现CatSper1、CatSper2和CatSper3在小鼠睾丸的表达呈阶段特异性。RT-PCR结果表明该基因家族在睾丸的表达丰度明显高于其它组织;CatSper1和CatSper4在人体睾丸组织中特异性表达。结论CatSper基因家族在人和小鼠中呈现睾丸特异性表达或高表达,可能在精子发生中发挥重要功能。     

FDA药品安全监管体系的改革调整及启示

目的 介绍FDA药品安全监管体系的改革措施 .方法 通过对FDA药品安全监管体系多方面的文献研究,介绍其体系的改革措施及美国政府问责办公室和美国医学会对该体系的评价报告.结果 与结论 对该体系组织机构的调整进行总结,研究其对我国的启示.     

Gene-activated matrices for cartilage defect reparation

A cartilage defect has a very limited ability to repair itself spontaneously due to the shortage of blood. Many attempts have been made to restore the integrity of cartilage in clinical and experimental studies. Recently, tissue engineering has emerged as a new protocol for lost tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, the defect-repairing environment can be improved by gene therapy methods. Gene-activated matrices (GAM) fabricated with biomaterials and plasmids fill the cartilage defects to restore the integrity of joint surface, facilitating repair cell adhesion and proliferation as well as the synthesis of extracelluar matrix. And they also serve as a local gene delivery system, inducing therapeutic agent expression at the repair site. In the present study, we fabricated two- and three-dimensional matrices from chitosan and gelatin, then added a plasmid DNA encoding transforming growth factors-ss1 (TGF-ss1) for cartilage defect regeneration. First, we demonstrated primary chondrocytes could maintain their biological characteristics and secrete therapeutic proteins when they were cultured onto GAM in vitro. Subsequently we inserted three-dimensional GAM into cartilage defects of rabbit knee joints. With the results of the new cartilage tissue formation, we came to the conclusion that GAM was helpful for new tissue production and this therapeutic protocol provided a cheap, simple, and effective method for cartilage defect reparation.     

Surgical therapy vs conservative therapy for patients with acute injury of lateral ankle ligament: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

The goal of this meta‐analysis was to explore the overall safety and efficacy of surgical therapy vs conservative therapy for acute injury of the lateral ankle ligament based on eligible studies. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases using appropriate updated index words to January 2018. We also searched relevant publication sources. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials and comparative studies. Mean difference or relative risk (RR), along with 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to analyse the main outcomes. A total of 13 studies were eligible for this meta‐analysis, with 834 patients in the surgical therapy group and 930 patients in the conservative therapy group. Compared with patients receiving conservative treatment, patients undergoing surgical treatment had a significant higher American Orthopedic Foot And Ankle Society (AOFAS) score (weighted mean difference(WMD): 10.33, 95% CI: 6.83‐13.83) and an effective rate (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.28). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of recurrent ankle injury (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.62‐1.65), limited range of motion (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.83‐2.50), deep vein thrombosis (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.73‐2.41), and wound infection or necrosis (RR: 3.99, 95% CI: 0.45‐35.34). However, compared with patients receiving conservative treatment, patients undergoing surgical therapy had significantly increased rates of complications (RR: 3.31, 95% CI: 2.55‐4.28), ankylosis (RR: 3.63, 95% CI: 2.16‐6.08), scare tenderness (RR: 10.16, 95% CI: 3.89‐26.52) and sensory loss (RR: 5.66, 95% CI: 2.76‐11.59). The results demonstrated that surgical treatment increased the AOFAS score and effective rate compared with conservative treatment. Besides, surgical treatment increased the rate of complications. Nevertheless, more high‐quality randomised controlled trials with a larger sample size conducted at multiple centres with a long‐term follow up are needed to confirm our conclusions.