阿伐斯汀联合氯雷他定治疗慢性难治性荨麻疹的多中心随机对照研究

【摘要】 目的 比较阿伐斯汀与阿伐斯汀联合氯雷他定治疗慢性难治性荨麻疹的疗效。方法 2017年3月至2018年12月,于4家中心采用多中心、随机对照的临床研究,联合治疗组慢性难治性荨麻疹患者口服阿伐斯汀胶囊8 mg每日3次及氯雷他定片10 mg每日1次,阿伐斯汀组口服阿伐斯汀胶囊8 mg每日3次及安慰剂10 mg每日1次,治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗1、2、4周随访,采集临床指标及记录不良反应事件。根据瘙痒、风团的数目、风团大小、每次发作持续时间、每周发作次数评估症状积分,使用症状积分下降指数（SSRI）评价疗效。采用重复测量的方差分析和χ2检验进行疗效和安全性评价。结果 联合治疗组53例、阿伐斯汀组59例纳入疗效分析。治疗前,两组症状积分、瘙痒视觉模拟评分差异均无统计学意义。治疗2周,联合治疗组痊愈19例、显效10例,有效率54.72%;阿伐斯汀组痊愈15例,显效6例,有效率35.59%。治疗4周,联合治疗组痊愈23例,显效9例,有效率60.38%;阿伐斯汀组痊愈20例,显效2例,有效率37.29%。治疗2、4周,联合治疗组有效率均高于阿伐斯汀组（χ2 = 4.13、5.96,均P < 0.05）。两组各随访时间点的SSRI差异、组间SSRI差异均有统计学意义（F = 8.62、4.38,均P < 0.05）。多变量方差分析,治疗2、4周时,联合治疗组SSRI（0.63 ± 0.05、0.68 ± 0.05）高于阿伐斯汀组（0.47 ± 0.05、0.51 ± 0.05）,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。联合治疗组发生药物相关性不良反应7例,阿伐斯汀组3例,主要表现为嗜睡、胃部不适、头痛、肝功能异常。结论 阿伐斯汀治疗慢性难治性荨麻疹安全、有效;阿伐斯汀联合氯雷他定可以显著提高疗效。     

基于EVs的肿瘤诊断,距离真正的临床应用还有多远

作为一种新型的旁/自分泌及远程信号传导方式,细胞外囊泡(EVs)几乎参与了肿瘤发生、进展、转移、耐药等整个过程,对肿瘤诊疗产生了极大的启发。EVs具有作为血液或尿液生物标志物的强大潜力,可用于癌症的诊断、预后和监测。由于在临床上的巨大应用价值,近几年EVs成为肿瘤研究的热点。因此,本文讨论了EVs标志物在肿瘤临床诊断中的优势、进展方向和技术挑战。     

Time-dependent effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in focal cerebral ischemia rats

BACKGROUND: The onset of focal cerebral ischemia activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, regulates cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, and affects the normal stage and function of brain cells.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The effects were analyzed at different time points after intervention.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University. MATERIALS: A total of 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing (250±10) g were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Sun Yat-Sen University. The animal experiment was conducted with confirmed consent by the local ethics committee. The GB6805-Ⅱ electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Medical Equipment High-techno Company. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, from February to July 2007. All experimental animals were randomly divided into the following groups: normal group (n = 6), sham operation group (n = 18), model group (n = 18), and electroacupuncture group (n = 18). Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in the model group and electroacupuncture group. Zea Longa's grading standard was used to assess neurological impairment after reperfusion; animals whose grades were between 1 and 4 were included in this study. The normal control group was not exposed to MCAO. In sham operation animals, the right common carotid artery (CCA) was isolated, and the external carotid artery (ECA) was damaged, but no embolism was induced. The electroacupuncture group was given acupuncture on the second day after surgery. The acupoint locations were chosen according to Experimental Acupuncture (People's Publishing House; 1997; First Edition). The Chengjiang, Qihai, and Guanyuan acupoints were labeled and connected to a G6805 electroacupuncture apparatus with sparse-dense waves (sparse waves were 30 Hz, dense waves were 100 Hz), with a frequency of 6-15 V. The duration was 20 minutes. Two days after surgery, the model and sham operation groups were placed with their backs on the operating table, but they received no acupuncture. However, the normal group received acupuncture. The experimental animals under anesthesia were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 28 post-surgery. Western blot analysis was used to measure expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall. Expression was measured in the normal group at time points corresponding to the sham operation group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall at different time points after intervention.RESULTS: All 60 rats were included in the final analysis, without any loss. Seven days after MCAO, there was no significant difference in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the electroacupuncture group compared to the model group (P > 0.05). However, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression significantly increased in the model group at 14 and 28 days after treatment (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at the Ren channel can enhance extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 expression in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. However, this effect is not apparent until 14 days after electroacupuncture intervention.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在人体脂肪移植中的应用

目的:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可促进再血管化过程,有利于脂肪细胞的成活。观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在自体脂肪移植治疗面部凹陷畸形中的作用效果。方法:选择2001-11/2006-03于南昌大学第二附属医院整形美容科采用自体脂肪移植治疗面部凹陷畸形的患者60例,共73个部位,所有患者均排除器质性病变且知情同意。按随机数字表法分为2组,每组30例。取出的脂肪经过清洗、过滤备用。①碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组在要移植的脂肪中加入10μg/L的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和庆大霉素液,每100mL脂肪颗粒中加入庆大霉素8万单位及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子2万单位。②对照组只加入庆大霉素液不加碱性成纤维细胞生长因子。术后半年随访,观察一次注射后的治疗效果。评估标准:凹陷充填后丰满平坦,双侧对称满意者为优;凹陷充填后较丰满平坦,双侧基本对称较满意者为良。结果:①术后半年随访,本组60例患者均使凹陷部位得到不同改善,无一例发生感染、液化及干酪样坏死等并发症。②术后半年碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组优良率为87%,对照组优良率为57%,两组相比差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可以促进人体移植脂肪的存活,改善面部凹陷畸形脂肪移植的术后效果。     

包膜活性炭吸附血液灌流清除人血浆中毒鼠强的实验

目的:观察包膜活性炭对血浆中毒鼠强的清除率及吸附规律。方法:实验于2004-05/2006-04在军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所国家重点实验室完成。采用包膜活性炭灌流器对毒鼠强血浆样进行血液灌流吸附,在灌流的1,2,3h分别取样,经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用气相色谱氮磷检测器法(GC/NPD)测定其含量并计算清除率。结果:活性炭对毒鼠强的吸附作用在血液灌流1h最高,灌流2h后毒鼠强质量浓度无明显变化。400,200μg/L毒鼠强血液灌流1h清除率分别为(57.83±1.85)%,(48.18±1.81)%。结论:用包膜活性炭吸附剂进行血浆的灌流吸附,能清除大部分毒物,迅速降低血浆中毒鼠强的质量浓度。     

电针任脉和肌肉注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对脑缺血模型大鼠侧脑室下区原位神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的:近来的研究认为,针刺任脉治疗脑卒中的机制在于针刺任脉可能产生与干细胞增殖分化有一些联系的生长因子.脑缺血损伤后调动内源性神经干细胞试图自我修复的途径应是多元化的,针刺及外源性生成因子的给予为其不同的途径.实验拟观察电针任脉和肌肉注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对脑缺血模型大鼠缺血侧脑室下区5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷和5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷/巢蛋白阳性细胞的表达的影响.方法:实验于2004-09/2005-07在中山大学医学院解剖学实验室完成.①材料:选用成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠83只.将实验动物按随机抽签法分为5组:空白对照组6只、假手术组6只、模型组26只、电针任脉组23只、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组22只.后3组又分为缺血后7,14和28 d 3个时间点进行观察.②干预:除空白对照组和假手术组外,其余大鼠采用线栓法制作局灶性脑缺血模型.再灌注后参考Longa神经病学评分标准,1～4分为造模成功.空白对照组不作任何处理;假手术组仅分离右侧颈总动脉并离断右颈外动脉,不予栓塞.电针任脉组大鼠于造模后第2天采用上海华谊医用仪器厂生产的G6805Ⅱ型电针仪针刺承浆、气海、关元3穴,针刺后加电,疏密波刺激(疏波30 Hz,密波100 Hz),强度6～15 V,以身体相应部位出现轻微颤动为准,持续时间为20 min.碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组:再灌后立即给药,肌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子4 000 U/d,此后每天肌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,1次/d.模型组、假手术组大鼠于造模后第2天固定于针刺操作台上20 min,不予针刺.空白对照组大鼠不作任何处理.③观察指标:通过免疫荧光方法测定侧脑室下区5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷和5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷/巢蛋白阳性细胞的表达.用Olympus FV 500激光共聚焦显微镜系统,在200倍镜下,计数平均5个视野阳性细胞数.结果:造模成功大鼠54只及空白对照组和模型组各6只进入结果分析.侧脑室5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷阳性细胞数和5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷/巢蛋白双标细胞:空白对照组与假手术组比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05).模型组与空白对照组相比,均有不同程度的增加,其中造模后7和14 d差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01).电针任脉组和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组造模后3个时间点与模型组比较,均有较大程度的增加,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05～0.01).碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组与电针任脉组相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05).结论:电针任脉和肌肉注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子均可促进局灶性缺血模型大鼠原位神经干细胞增殖,且两者作用相当.     

组蛋白甲基化修饰与哺乳动物生殖

组蛋白甲基化是表观遗传学研究的热点和难点,研究表明,组蛋白甲基化修饰在哺乳动物配子的发生、胚胎着床和发育以及胎盘的发育过程中有着特殊作用,这些修饰可影响基因的表达,从而动态调节哺乳动物生殖过程中许多生物学进程。但目前研究的组蛋白甲基化修饰相关基因位点多而杂,且多停留在广泛的探索和描述这一层面,这些甲基化修饰发生动态变化的机制,以及相互作用等一系列过程还有待深入研究。     

精神分裂症患者认知功能的随访观察

目的探讨缺陷型、非缺陷型精神分裂症患者的认知功能的长期随诊特点。方法对1997年9月曾进行认知功能检查,持续住院的缺陷型22例和非缺陷型30例精神分裂症患者于4年后再次进行评定,同时采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定其症状。结果4年后精神分裂症患者仅非缺陷型的注意和计算明显降低,缺陷型患者的记忆因子明显降低外,其它各因子及总分无明显降低。结论精神分裂症患者的认知功能损害随病程进展并无明显加重趋势。