Use of mandelic acid condensation polymer (SAMMA), a new antimicrobial contraceptive agent,for vaginal prophylaxis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the contraceptive properties, antimicrobial activity, and safety of mandelic acid condensation polymer (SAMMA). DESIGN: Experimental study of SAMMA's in vitro and in vivo properties. SETTING: Academic research laboratories. PATIENT(S): Healthy volunteers for semen donation in an academic research environment. INTERVENTION(S): Inhibition of sperm function indicators, conception, sexually transmitted infection-causing pathogens (including HIV), and lactobacilli was evaluated. Safety indicators were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Quantitation of SAMMA's effect on microbial infectivity or multiplication and on sperm function in vitro; evaluation of contraceptive efficacy in vivo; assessment of safety in vitro and in vivo. RESULT(S): Mandelic acid condensation polymer is not cytotoxic toward lactobacilli, microbial host cells, and spermatozoa. The compound inhibits hyaluronidase and acrosin, induces sperm acrosomal loss, and is contraceptive in the rabbit model. Mandelic acid condensation polymer prevents infectivity of HIV and herpesviruses 1 and 2 and, to a lesser extent, of Chlamydia trachomatis. It inhibits the multiplication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mandelic acid condensation polymer is not mutagenic, has low acute oral toxicity, and is safe in the rabbit vaginal irritation assay. CONCLUSION(S): Mandelic acid condensation polymer inhibits sperm function, is contraceptive, has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is highly safe. Further development as a microbicide is warranted.     

A型禽流感在人类中的年龄分布

截至2006年7月4日,在这之前的30个月内,从非洲、亚洲和欧洲报告给世界卫生组织(WHO)已经确诊的人感染A型禽流感(H5N1)病例为229例[1]。WHO注意到确诊病例集中分布于儿童和青壮年中,在大年龄组中病例相对较少[2]。尽管一系列的     

人文素质与妇产科专业教育精准融合的实践

本研究从医学院校人文素质教育现状展开,分析了人文素质与专业教育精准融合的必要性和可行性,列表归纳人文素质与妇产科知识的精准融合点。继而以妇产科典型教学为例,阐释了“珍爱生命”“抗挫折能力”等融合点的具体实施,以及对这种精准融合教学的反思。     

Effects of Exercise Training on Restless Legs Syndrome,Depression, Sleep Quality,and Fatigue Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context

Hemodialysis (HD) patients experience a heavy symptom burden that leads to a decreased quality of life. Pharmacological treatment is effective but costly and has adverse effects. Exercise is a promising approach for symptom management, but the effect of exercise on restless legs syndrome (RLS), depression, sleep quality, and fatigue in HD patients is still uncertain.

任脉与脑相关探析

目的:从祖国医学的角度探讨任脉与脑相关。方法:根据任脉循行,从督脉为阳脉之海、任脉为阴脉之海、阴阳平衡学说等理论,推测不仅督脉对脑缺血损伤有修复作用,任脉在脑缺血损伤中可能也起着非常重要的作用。结论:我们推测任脉与脑相关。     

浅谈关于门诊护理工作的创新服务

医院门诊,作为医院的一个组成部门和重要的窗口单位,其服务质量如何,不仅在某种程度上体现和反映了医院的综合服务质量,而且也会给病人最直观和最深刻的印象.因此,如何进一步提高门诊的护理工作质量,对提高医院的信誉和社会认知度具有十分重要的现实意义.本文现就近几年我院门诊护理工作在创新服务方面所作的一些积极探索和有益尝试,与同仁进行交流和探讨.     

建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的几点体会

结合建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的实践，对软件的合理安装应用；设立多媒体素材库，按标准对各种素材进行加工组织以及对教师应用多媒体技术的业务培训等问题进行了探讨。     

Ureterocele in adults. Five case reports

The authors report five cases of ureterocele during six years. Mean age of the patients was 34.2 +/- 11.1 years. There were four female and one male. Pain (N = 3) and dysuria (N = 3) were the most common symptoms at examination. Diagnosis was made by ultrasound (N = 3), IVU (N = 3) or cystoscopy (N = 1). Ureteroceles were bilateral in four cases, unilateral in one case and were always intravesical with single ureter. Two patients presented lithiasis enclosed in the ureterocele. Only four patients had been operated. Surgical treatment was ureterocelectomy with ureteral reimplantation according to Cohen procedure. With mean follow-up of 10.6 +/- 4.7 months results were stable without complications.     

内镜下离断直肠尿道瘘黏膜预防先天性肛门闭锁术后尿道并发症

目的探讨小婴儿在先天性肛门闭锁二期手术中,在直肠腔内应用胃镜离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层的作用。方法收集2020年1月至2020年5月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院普通外科因先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘行二期肛门成形术8例患儿的病例资料。所有患儿均为先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘已行一期结肠造瘘术后。均为男性患儿,平均手术年龄为3.9个月,手术年龄范围为2.8~6.3个月;平均体重为7.5 kg,体重范围为5.9~9.0 kg;造瘘口位于右上腹1例,脐上中腹部3例,左上腹2例,左下腹2例。因为本研究患儿年龄较小,肠腔细小、薄弱,故应用成人的普通电子胃镜在结肠、直肠内操作。在二期肛门成形术中,均在胃镜下尝试离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层组织,在胃镜离断黏膜后,再行腹腔镜辅助肛门成形术。结果8例患儿,1例经胃镜多次尝试仍未能到达直肠末端而放弃胃镜下黏膜离断术。1例因术中呼吸循环不稳定,仅在胃镜下完成交接部黏膜离断术,而未连续完成腹腔镜下肛门成形术,5 d后在腹腔镜下完成肛门成形术。其余6例均完成胃镜下瘘口交界部黏膜及黏膜下离断术,并同期行腹腔镜下肛门成形术。二期术后两周行尿道造影复查未见尿道狭窄和尿道憩室。结论运用胃镜在直肠腔内游离直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下组织的操作方法是可行、有效的,是目前比较准确和全新的辅助直肠末端离断的方法,也是胃镜和腹腔镜联合手术完成肛门成形术的有益尝试。