Rebamipide suppresses diclofenac-induced intestinal permeability via mitochondrial protection in mice

AIM: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on small intestinal permeability induced by diclofenac in mice.METHODS: Diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 3 d orally. A control group received the vehicle by gavage. Rebamipide (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically once a day for 3 d 4 h after diclofenac administration. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by Evans blue and the FITC-dextran method. The ultrastructure of the mucosal barrier was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial function including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced (NADH) levels, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities were measured. Small intestinal mucosa was collected for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, intestinal permeability was significantly increased in the diclofenac group, which was accompanied by broken tight junctions, and significant increases in MDA content and MPO activity. Rebamipide significantly reduced intestinal permeability, improved inter-cellular tight junctions, and was associated with decreases in intestinal MDA content and MPO activity. At the mitochondrial level, rebamipide increased SDH and ATPase activities, NADH level and decreased mitochondrial swelling.CONCLUSION: Increased intestinal permeability induced by diclofenac can be attenuated by rebamipide, which partially contributed to the protection of mitochondrial function.     

Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates in Shandong Province of China

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:637–643. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors retrospectively examined data from 3 surveys on hypertension according to the 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. These surveys were conducted in 1991, 1999, and 2007, and included 85,371 individuals 18 years and older who were living in Shandong Province, China. Age‐standardized prevalent hypertension increased from 15.6% in 1991 to 17.3% in 1999 and 32.7% in 2007 (both P<.0001). The ascending prevalence can be partially explained by increasing body weight. Among individuals with hypertension, awareness increased significantly from 27.8% in 1991 to 39.1% in 1999 and 49.2% in 2007. The proportion of pharmacologic treatment also considerably improved, with the estimate of 12.9%, 28.1%, and 43.3% in the 3 surveys, respectively. Hypertension control increased from 3.0% to 4.4% to 7.1% in the past 20 years. The upward trend in blood pressure control was mostly attributable to a rise among men and persons at middle age. This study suggests that the prevalence of hypertension increased in the Shandong population from 1991 to 2007. Although substantially improved, control rates were still unacceptably low. Comprehensive strategies are urgently required to put into practice for the management of hypertension in Shandong Province, China.     

自制中药包加压理疗裤在预防和控制腹腔镜疝修补后并发症的临床研究

目的分析自制中药包加压理疗裤在腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术后并发症的防治效果。 方法收集2019年8月至2021年8月山西省中医药研究院普外科收治的腹股沟疝患者128例,按照随机数字表法,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组患者64例。2组患者均接受腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术。对照组术后于腹股沟区沙袋加压并穿戴传统疝气带。试验组术后穿戴我科自制中药包加压理疗裤。对比2组临床指标及并发症发生情况。 结果试验组术后疼痛视觉模拟评分较对照组低,住院时间较对照组短,PZB服务质量量表评分较对照组高（P<0.05）。术后24 h及7 d,试验组血肿及血清肿发生率、阴囊肿胀及阴囊血肿发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后30 d,2组血肿及血清肿发生率、阴囊肿胀及阴囊血肿发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论腹腔镜腹股沟修补术后穿戴中药包加压理疗裤可减轻疼痛程度,降低血肿、血清肿及阴囊肿胀等术后并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,提高干预满意度。     

Modified stool color card with digital images was efficient and feasible for early detection of biliary atresia—a pilot study in Beijing,China

Background

The aim of this pilot study in Beijing, China, was to validate a screening system for early detection of biliary atresia (BA) by using a modified version of the stool color card (SCC).

Methods

From 2013 to 2014, a total of 29 799 live born infants were screened. SCC was distributed in maternal facilities. Guardians were asked to check their infants’ stool colors daily using SCC up until four months after birth. The screening results among 92.5% of participants were reported. Cases deemed as high risk were referred to a surgical department immediately.

Results

Based on the results reported by the guardians, 24 infants showed pale-pigmented stools, of which two males without obvious signs of jaundice were diagnosed with BA at 52 and 55 days of age, respectively. The sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 99.9%. Four infants were confirmed as having other diseases. Two female patients failed to be screened by the SCC because they had severe jaundice and were referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit after birth. They were diagnosed as BA at 14 and 17 days after birth, respectively. The overall prevalence of BA in this study was 1.3 in 10 000 live births.

Conclusion

The modified SCC was effective and feasible for early detection of BA, especially for patients with no apparent jaundice.

     

北京市城乡老年人慢性病状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解北京市城乡老年人慢性病患病状况,分析其影响因素,关注老年人躯体健康,加强慢性病防控.方法 抽样调查北京城乡60岁及以上老年人群2168例,内容包括老年人的一般情况、慢性病史、家庭、经济、职业、卫生习惯等,进行评估和分析.结果 老年人慢性病患病率高达74.2％,同时合并2种及以上慢性病者达43.5％.患病率城市高于农村,女性高于男性,随增龄有先上升再下降趋势.高血压位于慢性疾病之首,脑血管病、冠心病以及耳聋和骨关节疾病均为老年人常见慢性病.老年人躯体健康状况受性别、年龄、居住地区、文化程度、职业性质、睡眠与活动锻炼时间、收入水平等多种因素的影响.结论 北京城乡老年人慢性病患病率高,多系统疾病并存率高.需加强慢性病防控健康宣教,增强社会支持,改善社区卫生服务建设.     

老年人生活自理能力与健康自评的相关性研究

目的了解北京市老年人生活自理能力状况及其与健康自评之间的相关关系。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取来自北京市城区和农村的2 411名60岁及以上的老年人进行问卷调查。问卷包括人口学资料、家庭与经济状况、卫生行为、躯体健康及生活活动能力等多个维度的内容。结果在接受健康自评调查的2 335名老年人中,分别有6.38%和40.21%的人认为自己的健康状况为"很好"或"好",17.26%和2.01%的老年人认为自己的健康状况为"差"或"很差"。农村老年人在日常活动中的非完全自理比例均明显高于城区老年人。女性老年人"洗澡"、"自己乘车"、"上街购物"、"走半里路"、"剪脚趾甲"和"上下一层楼"等项目的非完全自理比例明显高于男性老年人。Logistic回归分析结果显示老年人的生活自理能力与健康状态之间存在明显的相关关系,生活非完全自理的老年人的健康自评结果明显较自理老年人差。在各因素中,进食(OR=7.51,95%CI:3.55~15.89)和室内活动(OR=7.36,95%CI:4.29~12.64)是与健康自评有关的、主要的、独立的影响因素。结论生活自理能力是老年人的自评健康状态的重要影响因素。     

Metabolism studies on hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin in human liver microsomes by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Hydroxygenkwanin (HYGN) and genkwanin (GN) are major constituents of Genkwa Flos for the treatment of edema, ascites, cough, asthma and cancer. This is a report about the investigation of the metabolic fate of HYGN and GN in human liver microsomes and the recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to trace all probable metabolites. Based on this analytical strategy, three phase I metabolites and seven glucuronide conjugation metabolites of HYGN, seven phase I metabolites and 12 glucuronide conjugation metabolites of GN were identified in the incubation samples of human liver microsomes. The results indicated that demethylation, hydroxylation and o-glucuronidation were main metabolic pathways of HYGN and GN. The specific UGT enzymes responsible for HYGN and GN glucuronidation metabolites were identified using recombinant UGT enzymes. The results indicated that UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT1A10 and UGT2B7 might play major roles in the glucuronidation reactions. Overall, this study may be useful for the investigation of metabolic mechanism of HYGN and GN, and it can provide reference and evidence for further experiments.