Inhibition of IFN-γ promotes anti-asthma effect of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin neonatal vaccination: A murine asthma model

Objective

The Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) neonatal vaccination inhibits allergy-induced pathologic changes. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 in the protective effects of the BCG neonatal vaccination on allergic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

Methods

Wild type (WT)-neonate and IL-17 knock out (KO) neonate mice were vaccinated with BCG. A murine asthma model was developed by sensitization and then challenging with ovalbumin (OVA). Recombinant IL-17 or recombinant IFN-γ was delivered to the airway to overexpress IL-17 or IFN-γ. An anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody was used to block the effects of IFN-γ.

Results

We found exogenous IL-17 delivered to the airway reversed the anti-asthma effects of the neonatal BCG vaccination. BCG neonatal vaccination further reduced OVA-induced inflammation and AHR in IL-17 KO mice. Inhibition of IFN-γ in BCG neonatal vaccinated OVA-induced asthma model mice led to a further reduction in airway inflammation and AHR. In addition, airway inflammation and AHR were robust following treatment with exogenous IFN-γ. Neutralizing IL-17 was not sufficient to block OVA-induced airway inflammation and AHR. In IL-17 KO mice, airway inflammation and AHR did not occur following treatment with an anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody.

Conclusions

In an OVA-induced murine asthma model, inhibition of IFN-γ enhanced the anti-asthma effects of BCG neonatal vaccination.     

Characterization of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine virus SA14-14-2

The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine SA14-14-2 was licensed decades ago and now approved for clinical use in most JE endemic countries. Large-scale clinical trials demonstrate ideal safety and efficacy profile of this Chinese vaccine. The SA14-14-2 vaccine was derived from a virulent strain SA14 after hundreds of serial passaging in cells and animals, concern about virulence reversion remains exist. In the present study, to study the in vitro and in vivo genetic and attenuation stability of the vaccine virus, SA14-14-2 was serially passaged in Vero cells and mouse brain followed by sequence comparison and attenuation phenotype analysis. The results showed that no significant mutation was acquired after serial passaging in Vero cells except a single Ser66Leu mutation within capsid protein, which had no effect on viral virulence in mice. Importantly, serial passaging of SA14-14-2 in suckling mouse brain resulted in emergence of adaptive mutations and increased virulence in mice. Population and plaque-purified clone consensus sequence analysis showed four adaptive mutations in envelope (E) protein, F107L, K138E, T226R and I270T, sequentially occurred and become predominant during serial passaging in suckling mouse brain. Especially, these adaptive mutations were close related with the enhanced neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in mice. Our results provide experimental evidence of highly genetic and attenuation stability of SA14-14-2 following passaging in Vero cells, and reveal the potential virulence reversion during passaging in mouse brain in association with critical adaptive mutations in E protein. These findings are important for quality control and evaluation of live JE vaccines and will help understand the attenuation mechanism of flavivirus vaccine.     

全覆膜金属支架在无法行外科手术的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤患者中的应用

目的 探讨全覆膜金属支架在治疗无法行外科手术的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）患者中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年12月-2020年6月在江苏省苏北人民医院内镜诊治中心行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）,在胰管留置全覆膜金属支架的9例IPMN患者的临床资料。结果 9例患者均行ERCP,术中见乳头呈鱼嘴样开口,插管后均可见胶冻状液体流出,造影见主胰管局部或弥漫扩张,分枝胰管呈囊状扩张,5例置入10 mm×80 mm、4例置入10 mm×60 mm全覆膜金属支架,2例术中同时置入胆道支架。术后患者腹痛和恶心呕吐等症状明显缓解,2例术后出现高淀粉酶血症,给予对症治疗后缓解,无胰腺炎、胆管炎、出血和穿孔等并发症发生。术后随访12～24个月,无腹痛和复发,无支架移位,合并糖尿病患者血糖控制稳定,无新发糖尿病,1例随访至16个月时,支架堵塞,行胰管清理及支架更换。出院当天生活质量卡氏评分为（96.67±3.54）分,较术前的（82.78±3.63）分明显提高,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,术后3和6个月生活质量卡氏评分为（94.82±3.87）和（91.33±2...     

关节镜清理联合富血小板血浆治疗冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜清理联合富血小板血浆（PRP）治疗冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎的临床效果。方法选取该院采用关节镜清理与PRP治疗冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎的患者46例,分为实验组和对照组,各23例。实验组行肩关节镜下钙化灶清理+PRP注射,对照组行单纯关节镜清理,比较两组的治疗效果。结果 所有患者均得到有效随访。实验组中,5例行肩袖修补术（3例为术前确诊肩袖撕裂,2例为钙化灶较大,清理后行肩袖修补）,对照组中,3例行肩袖修补术（2例为术前确诊肩袖撕裂,1例为钙化灶较大,清理后行肩袖修补）。两组患者术后1个月视觉模拟评分法（VAS）明显低于术前,美国肩肘外科协会（ASES）评分明显高于术前,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。实验组术后1个月VAS明显低于对照组,术后1个月ASES评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t=-5.52,t=8.73,P=0.001）。结论 关节镜清理联合PRP治疗冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎,是一种有效、微创的方法。关节镜可以尽量清除钙盐,能对肩袖损伤范围精确评估,并对明确的、损伤较大的肩袖损伤,行带线锚钉肩袖修补。同时,结合PRP注射,可加快损伤肩袖的修复,减轻疼痛,加速...     

Clinical features and long-term outcomes of intraspinal ependymomas in pediatric patients

Purpose

The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical manifestations, radiological features, treatment, and long-term outcomes of intraspinal ependymomas (Word Health Organization grade II) in pediatric patients.

Methods

The data of 15 pediatric patients who underwent microsurgery for intraspinal grade II ependymomas were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients. The diagnosis of grade II ependymomas was based on pathology. All the follow-up data were obtained during office visits.

Results

There were ten males and five females, with a mean age of 13.7?±?3.4 years. Four tumors were located in the cervical cord, six in the cervicothoracic cord, four in the thoracic cord, and one in the conus-cauda region, respectively. The most common symptom was motor deficits. Gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor was achieved in 12 cases, and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in three cases. Regrowth of the residual tumor was observed in two STR cases during a mean follow-up period of 44.8 months. STR was performed again in one case due to clinical progression. At the last follow-up, 12 patients experienced an improvement in the neurological function and three patients maintained their preoperative status.

Conclusions

Pediatric intraspinal grade II ependymomas are amenable to surgical resection before neurological deficits deteriorate. GTR is the best treatment of choice, and the outcome is favorable. Due to uncertain therapeutic efficacy and possible radiation-induced toxicity, postoperative radiotherapy should be considered carefully for cases of STR.     

Spinal epidural venous angioma: a case report and review of the literature

Background

As a vascular malformation, venous angioma in the spinal cord is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only five case reports in the literature, and it has not been previously reported in the pediatric age group.

Case report

In this paper, we report on a 3-year-old patient who presented with progressive weakness in his left upper limb. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural cystic mass at the C6–T2 level. The lesion was diagnosed as venous angioma after total removal with laminectomy. Postoperatively, the patient remained symptom free, and no tumor recurrence was confirmed based on MRI at the time of the 18-month follow-up. The clinical, radiological, surgical, and pathological features of this abnormality are discussed, and all six reported cases were reviewed.

Conclusion

Venous angiomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal cystic lesions in children. A definitive diagnosis is difficult based on MRI alone. This rare lesion is amenable to surgery, and gross total removal (GTR) is usually achievable due to a well-demarcated dissection plane. A good clinical outcome after GTR can be expected.     

老年惊厥性癫痫持续状态28例临床分析

目的观察老年惊厥性癫痫持续状态(CSE)的临床特点。方法收集神经重症监护室(NICU)年龄≥60岁的CSE患者28例,回顾性分析其临床特点。结果脑血管病为28例老年CSE的首位病因。接受抗癫痫药物治疗后,CSE症状控制的中位时间为0.9 h,其中16例患者在1 h内症状控制,12例为难治性癫痫持续状态(RSE)。28例患者中,存活16例、死亡12例。死亡者与存活者相比,合并中枢神经系统新发疾病(P=0.027)和RSE的比例显著不同(P=0.027)。结论老年CSE患者基础情况差,病因多样,合并有中枢神经系统新发疾病或有RSE者的死亡率高。     

肿瘤化疗患儿外周静脉输液的安全管理

目的 提高肿瘤化疗患儿外周静脉输液的质量和安全性.方法 将62例淋巴细胞性白血病化疗患儿按入院时间顺序分为对照组26例,观察组36例;对照组行常规护理及管理;观察组由化疗安全护理小组进行评估、操作、维护等全程护理管理.结果 观察组患儿静脉炎及液体渗漏发生率显著低于对照组,满意率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,输液静脉穿刺一次成功率相对高于对照组（分别为94.4%、76.9%）.结论 构建和实施专门管理机制,有利于提高化疗患儿静脉输液质量,保障护理安全.     

A multi-center study of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph node metastasis in T1–2 colorectal cancer

Background

How to identify whether T1–2 colorectal cancers have lymph nodes metastases pre-op or intra-op is a crucial problem in clinic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1–2 colorectal cancers.

Methods

A multi-center study was performed between July 2012 and January 2014. Seventy-three patients with T1–2 colorectal cancer identified by pre-op endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were recruited. 1 ml carbon nanoparticles suspension was endoscopically injected into the submucosal layer at four points around the site of the primary tumor 1 day before surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection with lymphadenectomy was performed. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were defined as nodes that were black-dyed by carbon nanoparticles. Pathology confirmed whether lymph nodes have cancer metastases and the SLNs accuracy.

Results

SLNs were easily found under laparoscopy. The mean number of SLNs was 3 (range 1–5). All patients had SLNs lying alongside the mesenteric vessel or main arterial vessel. After pathological analysis, 2 patients (9.52 %) had lymph node metastasis in 21 patients with EUS T1 cancers, and 10 patients (19.23 %) had lymph node metastasis in 52 patients with EUS T2 cancers. In two T1 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive with 100 % accuracy. In ten T2 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive in nine cases. In pathology, carbon nanoparticles were seen in lymphatic vessels, and lymphoid sinus and macrophages in negative SLNs. When SLNs were positive, carbon nanoparticles were seen around cancer cells in lymph nodes. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of SLNs in T1–2 colorectal cancers were 91.67, 100, 98.63 %, respectively.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1–2 colorectal cancers. Carbon nanoparticles black-dyed lymph nodes play a role as SLNs in T1–2 colorectal cancers.