Evaluation of the Characteristics of the Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay for Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis in China

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the T-SPOT.TB test for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (ATB) and to distinguish ATB from other diseases using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 535 patients with suspected active tuberculosis were enrolled in the study and divided into ATB and nonactive tuberculosis (NATB) groups, as well as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) subgroups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of the T-SPOT.TB test for the diagnosis of ATB were 84.95%, 85.12%, 82.94%, 86.93%, 5.71, and 0.18, respectively. The median number of spot-forming cells (SFCs) in the ATB group was higher than that in the NATB group (71 versus 1; P < 0.0001). The sensitivities in the PTB and EPTB subgroups were 92.31% and 81.77%. The areas under the curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of ATB using the T-SPOT.TB, early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6), and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) were 0.906, 0.884, and 0.877, respectively. A cutoff of 42.5 SFCs for ATB yielded a positive predictive value of 100%. Our study shows that the T-SPOT.TB test is useful for the diagnosis of ATB. Utilizing an ROC curve to select an appropriate cutoff made it possible to discriminate ATB from NATB.     

顺铂联合雷帕霉素或3-甲基腺嘌呤对肺腺癌A549细胞抑制作用的研究

目的观察非小细胞肺癌(non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中肺腺癌A549细胞在顺铂(cisplatin,CP)联合雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)或3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3-MA)作用下的结果,为提高顺铂的化疗效果提供理论依据。方法 2013年3月至2014年6月期间,通过对人肺腺癌细胞株A549(由河北医科大学第四医院科研中心提供)经四甲基偶氮唑盐3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)实验检测顺铂、雷帕霉素和3-MA对A549细胞的增殖抑制率,计算出各药物的50%细胞抑制浓度(50%inhibitory concentration,IC50),并以此作为实验浓度。实验分为4组:对照组(无药物干预)、顺铂组(加15μmol/L的顺铂)、顺铂+雷帕霉素组(加10nmol/L的雷帕霉素1h后再加15μmol/L的顺铂)、顺铂+3-MA组(加3μmol/L的3-MA 1h后再加15μmol/L的顺铂),将对数生长期的肺癌A549细胞以每孔1.0×10^6/ml密度接种于6孔培养板中,待细胞长至孔底面积约70%~80%后分别加入稀释好的药物,分别培养24、48、72h。肺癌A549细胞的生长迁移情况用细胞划痕实验检测,mTOR、LC3-Ⅱ及Bax mRNA和蛋白的表达情况用RT-PCR(逆转录-聚合酶链反应)、Western blot(蛋白质印迹)法检测。数据处理采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果顺铂IC50:15μmol/L;雷帕霉素IC50:10nmol/L;3-MA IC50:3μmol/L。划痕实验显示24h顺铂+雷帕霉素组细胞迁移能力最弱,48h和72h顺铂+3-MA组细胞迁移能力最弱。RT-PCR显示顺铂+雷帕霉素组LC3-ⅡmRNA的2-△△Ct值(24h:1.686±0.069;48h:1.803±0.083;72h:1.836±0.056)与顺铂组(24h:1.489±0.031;48h:1.325±0.007;72h:1.428±0.080)相比表达量均明显上升(24hF=149.780,P<0.01;48hF=111.599,P<0.01;72hF=167.855,P<0.01);而顺铂+3-MA组的Bax mRNA的2-△△Ct值(48h:1.864±0.104;72h:1.935±0.068),与顺铂组(48h:1.346±0.080,72h:1.462±0.029)相比,表达量均明显上升(48hF=52.853,72hF=202.118;P值均<0.01)。Western blot显示顺铂+雷帕霉素组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白(48h:0.556±0.010;72h:0.571±0.009)与顺铂组(48h:0.426±0.0107;72h:0.492±0.009)相比表达量均显著上升(48hF=372.056,72hF=930.500;P值均<0.01);而顺铂+3-MA组的Bax蛋白(48h:0.897±0.022;72h:0.916±0.005),与顺铂组(48h:0.463±0.011;72h:0.581±0.007)相比,表达量均显著上升(48hF=1100.412,72hF=5715.778;P值均<0.01)。结论顺铂联合雷帕霉素或3-MA较单独使用顺铂能更好的抑制A549细胞的生长,长时间用药时顺铂联合3-MA作用最强。     

A Study of Patient Experience Using a Blood Glucose Meter With an In-Built Insulin Dose Calculator

Background:Accurate calculation and adjustment of insulin doses is integral to maintaining glycemic control in insulin treated patients. Difficulties with insulin dose calculations may lead to poor adherence to blood glucose monitoring and insulin treatment regimes, resulting in poor metabolic control. The main objective of this study was to evaluate ease of use and user preference of a high specification touch screen blood glucose meter, which has an in-built insulin calculator, compared to patients’ usual method of testing blood glucose and deciding insulin doses.Methods:Patients with diabetes on a multiple daily injection insulin regime used the Test Meter without the insulin calculator and 1 of 3 comparator meters, each for a 7-day period. They then used the Test Meter with the in-built calculator for 10 days. Patients completed an ease of use questionnaire after each 7-day period, a preference questionnaire after the second 7-day period, and a questionnaire comparing the Test Meter with their usual method after the final 10-day period.Results:Of 164 patients who completed the study, 76% stated a preference for the Test Meter as a diabetes management tool compared to their usual method. A small number of patients preferred familiar methods and/or calculating insulin doses themselves. The log book function of meters was important to most patients.Conclusions:The Test Meter system with in-built insulin calculator supports people to better manage their diabetes and increases their confidence. Patients have different needs and preferences which should be acknowledged and supported in a patient centered health service.     

直丝弓矫治技术联合前方牵引矫治恒牙早期安氏Ⅲ类错的疗效观察

目的观察直丝弓矫治技术联合前方牵引矫治恒牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错患者治疗前、后软硬组织及牙的变化。方法选择符合纳入标准的17例恒牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错患者,采用直丝弓矫治技术联合前方牵引进行治疗,配合快速扩弓,并对治疗前、后头颅侧位片进行测量分析比较。结果矫治结束后覆盖及磨牙关系发生了显著变化,前牙反解除,患者凹面型改善;SNA角平均增加1.37°,A点前移,下颌骨向下向后旋转,ANB角趋于正常。结论恒牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错患者由于生长潜力有限,直丝弓矫治技术联合前方牵引是有效的矫治方法之一。     

过氧化氢对小鼠口腔癌发病影响的实验研究

目的检测氧化应激相关基因Nrf2、GST-π、HO1在4NQO小鼠舌癌标本中的表达水平,分析氧化损伤对4NQO诱导的小鼠口腔癌的促进作用。方法 190只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、6%、15%和30%过氧化氢处理组。阴性对照组不做任何处理,其余4组以0.005%4NQO诱癌16周后,分别用水(阳性对照组)和6%、15%、30%的过氧化氢涂抹小鼠舌部,每周3次,共8周。第24周末处死全部动物,取舌组织进行组织病理学分析及免疫组化染色。结果在粘膜从正常到异常增生、再到癌变的过程中,Nrf2、GST-π和HO1的表达持续升高,并且30%过氧化氢组中重度异常增生和癌变的组织中上述三者的积分光密度值显著高于阳性对照组(P0.01);6%和15%组中,GST-π的积分光密度值均显著高于阳性对照组(P0.05),Nrf2和HO1的积分光密度值与阳性对照组无统计学差异。结论过氧化氢造成的氧化损伤进一步促进了4NQO小鼠口腔癌的发展。