从《伤寒论》与《温病条辨》辨析咳证的三焦论治

"咳"为外感病的常见症状之一,《内经》提出了"五脏六腑咳"的观点."三焦辨证"是吴鞠通在《内经》三焦理论基础上所创立的辨治温热疾病的方法,其所论述的上中下三焦分别与五脏相对应.《伤寒论》以"六经"为纲,五脏为目论述疾病.本文以"三焦"为纲,六经、脏腑为目,论述《伤寒论》中感受寒邪,上犯太阳、中及太阴、下入少阴所引起的咳...     

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI肝胆期全肝直方图分析评估兔肝纤维化的研究

目的探究钆塞酸二钠(gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI肝胆期全肝直方图分析定量评估兔肝纤维化(liver fibrosis,LF)的价值.材料与方法随机将100只新西兰大白兔分为四氯化碳诱导的LF组(...     

成人Moyamoya病的临床表现和影像学特征

目的 总结成人Moyamoya病(烟雾病)的临床表现特点.比较MRA与DSA在Moyamoya病诊断中的价值.方法 对经DSA或MRA确诊的8例成人Moyamoya病患者的临床及影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 脑卒中是本组Moyamoya病患者最常见的临床表现,缺血性卒中与出血性卒中发病各半.MRA与DSA检查显示所有患者均有颈内动脉或其分支狭窄或闭塞及脑底异常血管网形成,两者结果相符合.结论 对年轻无基础疾病的脑血管病患者,尤其反复TIA或卒中或头痛患者,应常规行MRI和MRA检查.DSA可清晰显示颅内、外侧枝循环状况,更有助于手术适应证的选择与预后评价.     

巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1α修饰的小鼠肺癌疫苗的制备及体内抗肿瘤活性研究

目的以小鼠趋化因子巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1α(MIP-1α)的重组腺病毒载体(AdmMIP-1α)体外感染小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞株(LLC),观察其体内抗肿瘤活性,探讨其成为肺癌疫苗的可能性。方法AdmMIP-1α体外感染LLC细胞,通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达检测感染率。连续14 d隔天进行细胞计数,观察细胞的体外生长曲线。取3×106修饰后的LLC细胞接种于C57BL／6小鼠,4周后在MIP-1α瘤苗组未荷瘤小鼠原接种部位的对侧再接种1×106野生型LLC或小鼠淋巴瘤细胞株(EL4)细胞。观察肿瘤体积。结果AdmMIP-1α能有效感染靶细胞LLC细胞,感染后LLC细胞的体外生长无明显改变。修饰后LLC细胞的体内成瘤性下降;4周后再接种LLC细胞,肿瘤生长速度明显减慢;而再接种的EL4细胞呈渐进性生长,与对照组无明显差异。结论表达MIP-1α基因的LLC细胞的体内成瘤性下降,并且能激发特异性免疫保护反应,有可能成为有效的肺癌疫苗。     

实时超声弹性成像在甲状腺占位性病变中的初步应用

目的探讨实时超声弹性成像在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法分析40例(44个病灶)甲状腺占位性病变的超声弹性图表现,将图像分为0～IV级,并与病理结果作对比。结果良性病变以0～II级多见,而恶性病变以III～IV级多见。以III级以上(含III级)作为判断恶性的标准,则其敏感性为100%,特异性为77.1%,准确性81.8%。结论超声弹性成像对甲状腺结节的诊断提供较大帮助。     

静电喷射法制备纳米中药控释给药制剂的前景与展望

静电喷射是一种简易的获得纳米粒子或纤维状物质的方法。利用这种技术能够将药物封装在聚合物纳米颗粒或纤维材料之中,从而提高药物的分散性与稳定性,延长药物的作用时间,降低毒副作用,并可制成靶向性制剂。通过选择不同的聚合物体系,调节静电喷射工艺参数,可以控制药物的释放速度和释放周期,从而设计制备出具有快速、缓慢、持续或阶段性等不同释药特性的制剂。本文旨在讨论静电喷射技术的基本原理及其在制备纳米控释材料的研究进展,并对静电喷射技术应用于制备纳米中药缓/控释给药系统的前景进行展望。     

Extracellular ATP promotes angiogenesis and adhesion of TNBC cells to endothelial cells via upregulation of CTGF

Our previous works have indicated that extracellular ATP is an important prometastasis factor. However, the molecular mechanism involved needs to be further studied. We demonstrated that extracellular ATP treatment could upregulate the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in both triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and endothelial cells (ECs). Extracellular ATP stimulated the migration of TNBC cells and ECs, and angiogenesis of ECs via the P2Y2––YAP‐CTGF axis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated TNBC cell adhesion to ECs and transmigration through the EC layer via CTGF by upregulation of integrin β1 on TNBC cells and VCAM‐1 on ECs. Both apyrase (ATP‐diphosphohydrolase) and CTGF shRNA treatments could inhibit the metastasis of inoculated tumors to lung and liver in a mouse model, and these treated tumors had fewer blood vessels. Collectively, our data indicated that extracellular ATP promotes tumor angiogenesis and the interactions between TNBC cells and ECs through upregulation of CTGF, thereby stimulating TNBC metastasis. The pleiotropic effects of ATP in angiogenesis and cell adhesion suggest that extracellular ATP or CTGF could be an effective target for TNBC therapy.     

乳突结节性筋膜炎误诊1例

<正>1病历资料患者,男,64岁,因“自幼左耳流脓,干耳2个月”于2020年3月入院。患者自幼左耳流脓伴听力逐渐下降,无耳鸣,无眩晕、头痛,无鼻塞、流涕、涕中带血等,曾多次在我院门诊使用“氧氟沙星滴耳液1支”滴耳治疗后病情有好转。目前左耳干耳有2个月。既往有高血压病史10年,规律服药,血压控制尚可。1年前因跌伤在我院行左踝关节内侧韧带修补及石膏固定术,当时左耳后有裂伤,清创缝合后治愈。否认家族癌、瘤遗传病史。     

Study of the effect of in situ minerals on the pyrolysis of oil shale in Fushun,China

Herein, the effect of Fushun oil shale minerals on its kerogen has been investigated. The samples were obtained under non-isothermal conditions at different final temperatures. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the silicates were layered and the carbonates were tightly bound to each other. The combination of silicates and carbonates led to close combination of minerals and organic matter and the organic matter was contained in the minerals. The Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) experiments conclude that during the non-isothermal pyrolysis process, the specific surface area increased, and then, decreased, which proves the adsorption effect of silicates on oil shale pyrolysis products and the adsorption effect of carbonates was weak. The activation energy of four samples was calculated via Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Friedman kinetic analysis under different heating rates in a non-isothermal process, wherein the average activation energy of the sample containing silicate was 177.60 kJ mol⁻¹ at minimum while that of carbonate was 250.45 kJ mol⁻¹ at maximum, which proves that the catalytic promotion effect of silicate was greater than the inhibition effect of carbonate. The pyrolysis products obtained by Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) under isothermal pyrolysis conditions were primarily composed of aliphatic hydrocarbon structures, which had different degrees of impact on the production of heteroatoms. This work provides a reliable theoretical basis for future studies on the influence of minerals on pyrolysis of organic matter in oil shale.

In this paper, the effect of in situ minerals on the pyrolysis of Fushun oil shale is studied by combining isothermal and non isothermal experiments.     

11C-胆碱PET在肺癌诊断与分期中的应用

目的探讨11C-胆碱PET在肺癌诊断方面的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,以及在肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移灶检测方面的应用价值。方法54例临床拟诊为肺癌的患者,经CT检查见肺部阴影,行11C-胆碱PET扫描,手术切除的标本经病理学检查,对照CT、11C-胆碱PET及病理学在肺部阴影病灶的诊断方面的结果。结果对肺癌原发灶探测,11C-胆碱PET显像总体灵敏度为77.27%,特异度为70.00%,准确度为75.93%,如除外肺泡癌则灵敏度为91.43%,特异度为70.00%,准确度为86.67%。在纵隔淋巴结转移检测方面,11C-胆碱PET的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为87.50%、91.43%、95.20%。从淋巴结分组情况来看,CT检查的灵敏度为47.37%（18/38）,11C-胆碱PET显像灵敏度为86.84%（33/38）。结论11C-胆碱PET显像在肺癌（肺泡癌除外）诊断以及在纵隔淋巴结转移灶检测方面有很高的价值,与CT相比有较高的灵敏度,优越性显著,是肺癌临床分期的良好参照。