Smoking Exposure Is Associated with Serum Vitamin D Deficiency in Children: Evidence from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Tobacco smoke exposure is known to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. This study evaluated the association between passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in young children using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), the largest birth cohort study in Japan. Information on parental smoking status was extracted from a survey of JECS for children aged 1.5 years and data for serum 25(OH)D concentrations were obtained from blood tests in the Sub-Cohort Study of JECS performed at age 2 years. Logistic regression and linear models were fitted to evaluate the association between these variables. Data were analyzed for 4593 children. After adjusting for covariates, smoke exposure was significantly associated with increased incidence of VDD (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14–1.59) according to the logistic model. The linear model indicated that passive smoking negatively predicted de-seasonalized serum 25(OH)D concentrations (β −0.5; 95% CI −0.95 to −0.08) in children aged 2 years. The results suggest that smoke exposure is a risk factor for VDD in children. Given that VD plays a crucial role in bone metabolism and the immune system, our findings are significant for clinical and public health.     

听神经病患者的单音节识别率与言语声强的函数关系分析

目的分析听神经病（auditory neuropathy,AN）患者在不同测试强度下的单音节识别率,总结AN患者在言语识别方面的特点。方法AN患者10例,共20耳。根据听力图形状将AN患者分为上升型听力组和非上升型听力组,两组分别包括12耳和8耳。分别在患耳0．5、1、2和4kHz纯音平均听阈（4FA）以及4FA上10dB、20dB、30dB共4个强度测试单音节识别率。绘制得分一强度（Performance--Intensity,P—I）函数曲线。结果AN患者的P—I曲线大致可以分为3段。在昕阈附近得分较低,在4FA＋20dB处达到相对较高得分,平均最大言语识别率为42．8％±23．8％;在4FA＋20dB以上得分没有随强度增加显著增长,而是总体得分呈轻微回跌。大多数AN患者P—I曲线呈非单调性,且变异范围较大,最大言语识别率得分的差异可达60％～70％。在各强度下,上升型听力组和非上升型听力组在全部4个强度下得分无统计学差异。结论AN患者的单音节P—I曲线呈现低得分、非单调、变异大的特点。     

胆道发育不良患儿的临床病理特点回顾

目的 探讨胆道发育不良患儿的临床表现、病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析天津市儿童医院外科2010年6月至2016年11月收治的5例胆道发育不良患儿的发病情况、治疗过程,并通过复习国内外文献对胆道发育不良的疾病特点进行总结.结果 5例胆道发育不良患儿均因生后不久出现皮肤、巩膜黄染,内科治疗病情无改善入外科治疗;肝功能检查见胆红素水平升高,以直接胆红素升高为主,伴肝酶不同程度增高;超声检查示胆囊干瘪未充盈或胆囊腔狭小,胆总管显示不清.5例患儿行手术探查,术中造影显示肝内、外胆道通畅,管腔纤细;病理检查见部分汇管区中小叶间胆管缺失,小叶间胆管/汇管区＜0.5,诊断为胆道发育不良,予留置胆囊引流管,术后抗炎、补液、保肝及对症治疗.经2个月～6年门诊随访,5例患儿均存活至今,其中3例黄疸清除,1例皮肤仍黄染并伴有瘙痒,1例未退黄.结论 术前检查提示梗阻性黄疸患儿,术中造影提示胆道纤细,结合病理检查证实小叶间胆管/汇管区比例＜0.5,可以明确胆道发育不良的诊断.     

EGF-PE4O重组毒素对喉鳞癌细胞株Hep-2的毒性作用

观察EGF－PE40重组毒素对喉鳞癌细胞的毒性作用,为寻找新型的治疗头颈鳞癌的生物制剂奠定基础。应用MTT比色法测定EGF－PE40重组毒素的生物学活性。并在光镜下观察Hep－2细胞形态变化。确定MTT比色法中Hep－2细胞浓度为2×104／well。选择10％SDS－0．01mol／LHCI作为MTT结晶的溶解液,当EGF－PE40重组毒素为0．53ng／ml时,50％的Hep－2细胞死亡,在一定范围内,随重组毒素增加,细胞损伤加重。     

Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Songjiang district,Shanghai between 2015 and 2017: Evaluation of participation rate and the associated factor

Little is known about the participation rate of newly implemented colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in China. Our goals were to identify factors associated with nonparticipation for CRC screening in Songjiang District, Shanghai.We analyzed individuals included in an observational cohort study from 4 towns (Xin Qiao, She Shan, Mao Gang, and Zhong Shan) in Songjiang District. The participation rate was calculated for the CRC screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test and a risk assessment questionnaire between 2015 and 2017 inclusive.Of the 27,130 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study, 20,863 (76.9%) participated in CRC screening at least once during 2015 and 2017. The factors linked with nonparticipation were; being male (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, P < .01), unmarried (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, P < .01), having a high education level (middle school, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, P < .01, high school or above, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57–0.73, P < .01), absence of chronic disease (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96, P < .01), and living in 2 out of the 4 towns covered (Xin Qiao, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.78, P < .01, Zhong Shan, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.26–0.31, P < .01).The current study revealed several associated factors with nonparticipation for the CRC screening in Songjiang district. These findings will help identify target populations that require an individualized approach to increase the participation rate.     

Lung contusion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones: A case report

Background:Pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) is recommended as the first-line treatment for large pancreatic stones. While complications such as post-P-ESWL pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, steinstrasse, and perforation have been reported in the past 30 years, lung contusion has never been reported. The present case demonstrates lung contusion as a complication after P-ESWL.Methods:A 48-year-old man was admitted to our department due to painful chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct stones. Computed tomography revealed normal lungs. P-ESWL was performed. The shock wave head contacted with right upper quadrant and the path of shock wave was at a 45° angle to the ventral midline. After P-ESWL, multiple patchy high-density shadows in the lower lobe of right lung were found, which was normal before P-ESWL. The patient had no symptoms of lung injury.Results and Conclusion:Laboratory studies revealed elevated D-dimer from 0.33 to 0.74 ug/mL, which was consistent with abnormal clotting of lung contusion. Chest computed tomography showed slight pleural effusion. Considering the interval between 2 X-rays was only 3 hours, we inferred that lung contusion was related to P-ESWL. The patient displayed stable vital signs, therefore, no specific interventions were conducted. Three days after P-ESWL, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and the lung shadows were partially absorbed. Considering the location of shock wave head, it was possible to cause lung contusion in lower lobe of right lung. More than 10,000 P-ESWL therapeutic sessions had been performed in our center since 2010, and it is the first case about lung contusion as a complication. It is also the first report to describe lung contusion after P-ESWL. Although the patient was asymptomatic, it should raise awareness of clinicians.     

Association between private health insurance and medical use by linking subjective health and chronic diseases

This empirical study identifies the negative aspects of private health insurance (PHI) by analyzing the association between subjective health conditions, 2 weeks of outpatient care, chronic diseases, and hospitalizations for 1 year. We used frequency analysis, χ² testing, an analysis of variance, and logistic and multiple logistic regression models to analyze the association between PHI and subjective health conditions, outpatient care, chronic disease status, and hospitalization. The PHI group had good subjective health but had more outpatient care for 2 weeks. There were few chronic diseases in the private insurance group, and there was no significant difference in hospitalizations for 1 year. Hospitalization may occur when essential medical care is required, regardless of health insurance type. This study confirmed that as the PHI lowers the burden of personal medical expenses, the PHI can lead to an increase in the medical resource expenditures on the outpatient medical service and higher public health costs. The government should work to redefine the role of private and national health insurance. Also, the effectiveness of PHI should be reevaluated so that it does not lead to indiscriminate use of medical services by minimizing the burden of private insurance.     

髋关节置换患者不同阶段深静脉血栓风险调查及影响因素分析

目的：分析髋关节置换的患者不同阶段深静脉血栓（deep venous thrombosis,DVT）风险的变化情况及影响因素。方法：采用方便抽样法,使用一般资料调查表、Autar DVT风险量表、日常生活能力量表（Barthel量表）和Charlson合并症指数分别于入院当天、手术当天、出院当天、出院1个月对重庆市某三级甲等医院209名髋关节置换的患者进行追踪性观察。结果：各阶段DVT风险评估总分为12.31~15.42分,自入院当天开始上升,在手术当天达到最高值后,呈下降趋势,但出院当天DVT的风险高于入院当天。多元线性回归分析显示,入院时最有效的血栓预测指标为日常生活能力（β=-0.460,P＜0.05）,疾病类型是入院时DVT风险的独立影响因素（β=0.194,P=0.000）;体质指数（body mass index,BMI）在手术后至出院1个月均为血栓风险的重要指标（β=0.315,β=0.302,β=0.251,均P＜0.05）;年龄、住院次数和Charlson合并症是入院至出院1个月预测DVT的重要指标（β=0.229,β=0.098,β=0.258;β=0.383,β=0.133,β=0.423;β=0.273,β=0.114,β=0.115,β=0.313;β=0.217,β=0.115,β=0.223,均P＜0.05）,术后开始下床时间也是DVT的影响因素（β=0.258,β=0.278,均P＜0.05）。结论：髋关节置换患者从入院至出院1个月,DVT风险均处于中高危水平。高龄、肥胖、Charlson合并症、多次住院史、术后开始下床时间晚是DVT的危险因素。应根据不同阶段的危险因素采取针对性预防措施,提示医务人员对于出院时DVT高危患者给予持续关注,重视全面系统的院外血栓预防措施的普及,加强出院后的随访。     

阴道镜联合选择性液基细胞学检查对宫颈癌机会筛查人群的临床价值研究

目的：探讨具有质控功能的电子阴道镜联合选择性液基细胞学检查对宫颈癌机会筛查的可行性及其成本效益。方法：回顾分析2014年6月至2016年12月门诊就诊的1 055例患者的阴道镜、液基薄层细胞检测（thinprep cytology test,TCT）、人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）及宫颈活检病理结果;以病理活检为金标准,比较电子阴道镜、阴道镜联合选择性TCT、HPV联合TCT对宫颈上皮内瘤变筛查的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、漏诊率、ROC曲线下面积及成本效益。结果：具有严格质控的阴道镜检查对≥宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）Ⅱ型病变筛查的特异度为96.9%,阳性预测值为84.2%,高于其他检测方式（P＜0.05）,筛查成本最低（P＜0.05）,而灵敏度为65.9%,漏诊率为34.1%,筛查敏感性低于其他检测方式（P＜0.05）。阴道镜对Ⅰ型转化区筛查的灵敏度为88.4%,漏诊率为11.6%,筛查敏感性明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ型转化区（P＜0.05）。阴道镜若联合选择性液基细胞学检查后对Ⅱ、Ⅲ型转化区灵敏度及漏诊率均有改善（P＜0.05）,整体灵敏度升高至81.5%,漏诊率由34.1%降低为18.5%（P＜0.05）。结论：严格质控下的阴道镜联合选择性液基细胞学检查灵敏度高,漏诊率低,诊断成本低,适用于经济欠发达地区宫颈癌机会性筛查。     

血必净对大鼠肝缺血-再灌注后急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的观察肝脏缺血-再灌注后急性肺损伤的发病机制及血必净对其的干预作用。方法将健康雄性Wistar大鼠90只随机分3组:假手术组(SOG组)30只,缺血再灌注组(I/R组)30只,血必净组(XBJ组)组30只。XBJ组术前3d经尾静脉注射血必净注射液5ml·kg-1·d-1。于再灌注6h、12h、24h各组分别随机选取10只大鼠进行标本检测:观察大鼠肺脏组织病理切片;取新鲜肺组织测定湿/干重比(W/D)、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量,取动脉血检测血气分析(PaO2)。结果XBJ组较I/R组在相同时相点的肺脏病理改变较轻,MPO含量显著降低(P<0.01);W/D显著降低(P<0.01);PaO2升高(P<0.05)。结论血必净注射液对肝脏缺血-再灌注后急性肺损伤具有保护作用,该作用与抑制中性粒细胞在肺内集聚、减少氧自由基的产生有关。