Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee and prostate cancer. Firstly, we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010. Coffee intake was derived from 24 h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. Then, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the possible causal effect of coffee on prostate cancer risk. Primary and secondary genetic instruments were obtained from genome-wide association studies among 375,833 and 91,462 individuals separately. Prostate cancer summary statistics were extracted from Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) and FinnGen project (4754 cases and 63,465 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary analytical method. Through selection, we enrolled 8336 individuals (weighted number = 58,796,070) for our observational study in NHANES. Results suggested that there was no association between coffee and prostate cancer. MR analyses with primary genetic instruments also did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk, whether using summary data from PRACTICAL (IVW: OR 1.001, 95% CI 0.997–1.005) or FinnGen (IVW: OR 1.005, 95% CI 0.998–1.012). Similar results were observed when using secondary genetic instruments. Therefore, our study did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to examine if an association exists by different coffee bean types, roasting procedures, and brewing methods.     

综合医院自助挂号机用户界面设计

目的：探讨综合性医院自助挂号设备的用户界面的设计方法。方法：通过对医院自助挂号设备的用户界面的现状进行分析,综合计算机科学、心理学和人机工程学的知识,以用户为导向,对自助挂号设备的用户界面进行合理设计。结果：设计了交互性强的自助挂号界面,降低了用户的操作难度,提高了挂号速度,适应不同年龄段和文化层次的人群。结论：以用户为导向的自助挂号界面的设计能够满足患者自助挂号的操作需求。     

MDS 3.0: Brief Interview for Mental Status

ObjectivesTo test the feasibility and validity of the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) as a performance-based cognitive screener that could be easily completed by nursing home staff. The current study examines the performance of the BIMS as part of the national testing of the Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0) for Nursing Homes.MethodsThe BIMS was tested as part of the national MDS 3.0 evaluation study among 3822 residents scheduled for MDS 2.0 assessments. Residents were from 71 community nursing homes (NHs) in eight states. Residents were randomly included in a feasibility sample (n = 3258) and a validation sample (n = 418). Cognition was assessed with three instruments: the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS), the MDS 2.0 Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). Trained research nurses administered the 3MS and BIMS to all subjects in the validation study. The CPS score was determined based on the MDS 2.0 completed by nursing home staff who had undergone additional training on cognitive testing. Standard cutoff scores on the 100-point 3MS were used as the gold standard for any cognitive impairment (<78) and for severe impairment (<48). Staff impressions were obtained from anonymous surveys.ResultsThe BIMS was attempted and completed in 90% of the 3258 residents in the feasiblity sample. BIMS scores covered the full instrument range (0–15). In the validation sample, correlation with the criterion measure (3MS) was higher for BIMS (0.906, P < .0001) than for CPS (–0.739, P < .0001); P < .01 for difference. For identifying any impairment, a BIMS score of 12 had sensitivity = 0.83 and specificity = 0.91; for severe impairment, a BIMS score of 7 had sensitivity = 0.83 and specificity = 0.92. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve, a measure of test accuracy, was higher for BIMS than for CPS for identifying any impairment (AUC = 0.930 and 0.824, respectively) and for identifying severe impairment (AUC = 0.960 and 0.857, respectively). Eighty-eight percent of survey respondents reported that the BIMS provided new insight into residents' cognitive abilities. The average time for completing the BIMS was 3.2 minutes.DiscussionThe BIMS, a short performance-based cognitive screener expressly designed to facilitate cognitive screening in MDS assessments, was completed in the majority of NH residents scheduled for MDS assessments in a large sample of NHs, demonstrating its feasibility. Compared with MDS 2.0 observational items, the BIMS performance-based assessment approach was more highly correlated with a criterion cognitive screening test and demonstrated greater accuracy. The majority of surveyed staff reported improved assessments with the new approach.     

镇江市区气传真菌调查结果与哮喘关系的研究

目的 为了探明本地区空气中飘乳真菌种类、数量和季节消长,以及真菌与过敏性哮喘的关系。方法 采用曝皿法对气传真菌进行了全年调查,同时采用过敏原皮内试验对已筛选过的交链孢霉、枝孢芽枝菌等八种常邮真菌进行致敏性研究。结果 曝皿法收集到真菌菌落571个,18个种属。真菌菌落飘散的高峰期是4－11月。曝片法收集到各类真菌孢子7045个,共27个种属。5－11月是真菌孢子飘散的高峰。在376例支气管哮喘病人中,有150人至少对八种真菌中的一种皮试结果呈阳性反应,阳性率为39.9%。从150例皮试阳性的真菌过敏性哮喘病人的发病季节中可以发现：季节性发病的病人最多（101例）占67.3%,其中以秋季发病最多点50％,其闪为夏季发病者占27.2%;常年性发病伴季节性加剧的病人其病情加剧的月份大从在6月－11月间占87％。结论 镇江市城区大气中普遍存在真菌,一年四季均存在,但以秋季最高,优势真菌为交链孢霉、枝孢霉等,真菌过敏性哮喘的发病率为39.8%,其好发季节为秋季。     

2012年哈尔滨市法定报告传染病疫情分析

目的了解哈尔滨市2012年法定报告传染病疫情分布与流行特征,为制定和调整传染病控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2012年"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"中哈尔滨市报告的法定传染病进行统计和分析。结果 2012年哈尔滨市共报告法定传染病30931例,其中死亡94例,报告发病率为297.40/10万,报告死亡率为0.90/10万,病死率为0.30%。其中甲类传染病无病例报告,乙类传染病报告15种,丙类传染病报告6种。发病数居前5位的分别是肺结核、肝炎、梅毒、痢疾和猩红热。结论预防和控制肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病仍是哈尔滨市今后防治的重点和难点,需要进一步加强预防和控制力度。     

Determination of the concentration of diallyl trisulfide in rat whole blood using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and identification of its major metabolite with gas chromatography mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and sensitive procedure has been developed using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection to measure diallyl trisulfide levels in rat blood. Blood samples were acidified, and the analyte was extracted with hexane, and then degradation was stopped with acetonitrile before gas chromatographic separation. Two calibration curves were linear over the range of 10-500 ng/ml and 0.2-20 microg/ml, with typical r values of 0.9986 and 0.9993, respectively. The structure of its major metabolite was confirmed using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The limit of detection was less than 10 ng/ml, and the assay was highly reproducible, giving peaks with excellent chromatographic properties. The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic and therapeutic purposes.     

羟基喜树硷联合醛氢叶酸、5-氟脲嘧啶和/或顺铂治疗晚期卵巢癌36例的疗效观察

目的观察含羟基喜树硷（HCPT）联合化疗方案治疗晚期卵巢癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法 29例,HCPT6mg/m^2,静脉滴注,1～5月,醛氢叶酸100mg/m^2。静脉滴注第1～5月;1-氟脲嘧啶400mg/m^2,静滴第1～5月,顺铂（DDP）40mg,第1～3天,DDP应水化;7例因胃肠道反应未用DDP外余同上,3～4周为一个周期。结果 36例中总有效率（CR＋PR）为50%（18/36）主要不良反应为血液学毒性,及恶心呕吐等。结论含羟基喜树硷的CFH/CFHP方案是治疗晚期卵巢癌有效且毒性较小的化疗方案     

盐酸三环哌酯在小鼠体内的药代动力学

目的研究抗胆碱新药盐酸三环哌酯（ＴＣＰＮ）在小鼠体内的药代动力学及组织分布。方法药代动力学采用放射受体分析法研究，组织中的分布用放射同位素分析法研究。结果小鼠ｓｃＴＣＰＮ后，血液中药物浓度的经时过程符合一级吸收二室模型（Ｔ１／２β为２．２８ｈ，Ｔｍａｘ为０．１２５ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为３．４４μｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｃｌ为２３．０Ｌ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１）。小鼠ｓｃ［３Ｈ］－ＴＣＰＮ后，分布高峰放射性依次为肾＞肝＞脑＞颌下腺＞肠１９９８－０４－０３收稿，１９９８－０７－２６修回＊国家自然科学基金资助课题，Ｎｏ３９１３００９０－２作者简介：葛召恒，男，３２岁，硕士，助理研究员；阮金秀，男，６２岁，研究员，博士生导师，中国毒理学会副理事长，中国药理学会药物代谢专业委员会主任委员＞心＞肌肉，唯有脑组织的放射性以较高的水平维持较长的时间。预先给小鼠ｓｃ不同剂量的ＱＮＢ，可不同程度地降低脑中放射性的分布。结论ＴＣＰＮ从血中的消除较快，但在脑组织分布时间长，这与药物与脑中Ｍ受体的特异性结合有关。