大鼠三叉神经脊束间质核内内脏神经初级传入终末与NOS阳性投射神经元的联系

目的　探查间质核 (INV)内内脏传入终末与向臂旁核 (PBN)投射的NOS阳性神经元之间的联系。　方法　逆行、跨神经节追踪以及免疫荧光组织化学方法 ,结合激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察。　结果　PBN内注射四甲基罗丹明 (TMR)后 ,逆行标记细胞主要位于注射侧的INV ,大多属 2 0 μm以下的中、小型细胞。NOS阳性细胞与TMR逆行标记细胞分布区域重叠。NOS TMR双标记细胞分别占NOS阳性细胞总数的 5 4 8% (17 31)和TMR逆行标记细胞总数的 34% (17 4 9)。舌咽和迷走神经内注射生物素化葡聚糖胺 (BDA)跨神经节标记的内脏神经初级传入终末点状膨体贴近双标记细胞胞体 ,呈紧密接触状。　结论　可能存在经INV向PBN投射的内脏伤害性信息传导通路 ,作为神经递质和神经信息分子的NO可能参与其内脏伤害性信息的传递和调控     

The refined crystal structure of cowpea mosaic virus at 2.8 A resolution

Comoviruses are a group of plant viruses in the picornavirus superfamily. The type member of comoviruses, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), was crystallized in the cubic space group I23, a = 317 A and the hexagonal space group P6(1)22, a = 451 A, c = 1038 A. Structures of three closely similar nucleoprotein particles were determined in the cubic form. The roughly 300-A capsid was similar to the picornavirus capsid displaying a pseudo T = 3 (P = 3) surface lattice. The three beta-sandwich domains adopt two orientations, one with the long axis radial and the other two with the long axes tangential in reference to the capsid sphere. T = 3 viruses display one or the other of these two orientations. The CPMV capsid was permeable to cesium ions, leading to a disturbance of the beta-annulus inside a channel-like structure, suggesting an ion channel. The hexagonal crystal form diffracted X rays to 3 A resolution, despite the large unit cell. The large ( approximately 200 A) solvent channels in the lattice allow exchange of CPMV cognate Fab fragments. As an initial step in the structure determination of the CPMV/Fab complex, the P6(1)22 crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement with the CPMV model determined in the cubic cell.     

亮氨酸脑啡肽样和P物质样免疫反应物在大鼠延髓迷走神经背核簇和网状结构内的分布

用PAP法研究亮氨酸脑啡肽样(L—ENK—LI)和P物质样(SP—LI)免疫反应物在大鼠延髓迷走神经背核簇和网状结构内的分布。证明在孤束核、迷走神经背核、外侧网状核外侧部及其外侧的区域内有大量的L-ENK样终末和纤维,在背侧和腹侧网状核之间的移行区内有中等量的分布,其余区内为少量。L-ENK样胞体在孤束核、咀侧腹外侧网状核、巨细胞网状核的腹侧部和α部、外侧旁巨细胞核以及中缝大核内均有许多分布,在迷走神经背核的尾侧部、背侧和腹侧网状核之间的移行区有中等量,其余区内为少量。SP样反应物的分布与L-ENK样物类似,但其终末和纤维的数量较L-ENK者略少,阳性胞体的数量除了在中缝核及外侧旁巨细胞核内侧端中的量较L-ENK样胞体多以外,在其余区内均较少。     

Differential targets of CpG island hypermethylation in primary and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) often metastasise to the cervical lymph nodes. It is known for HNSCC as well as other cancers that progression from normal tissue to primary tumour and finally to metastatic tumour is characterised by an accumulation of genetic mutations. DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, can result in loss of gene function in cancer, similar to genetic mutations such as deletions and point mutations. We have investigated the DNA methylation phenotypes of both primary HNSCC and metastatic tumours from 13 patients using restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS). With this technique, we were able to assess the methylation status of an average of nearly 1300 CpG islands for each tumour. We observed that the number of CpG islands hypermethylated in metastatic tumours is significantly greater than what is found in the primary tumours overall, but not in every patient. Interestingly, the data also clearly show that many loci methylated in a patient's primary tumour are no longer methylated in the metastatic tumour of the same patient. Thus, even though metastatic HNSCC methylate a greater proportion of CpG islands than do the primary tumours, they do so at different subsets of loci. These data show an unanticipated variability in the methylation state of loci in primary and metastatic HNSCCs within the same patient. We discuss two possible explanations for how different epigenetic events might arise between the primary tumour and the metastatic tumour of a person.     

Differential effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on high-threshold mechanosensitivity in a rat neuropathic pain model

We investigated the effect of the systemic infusion of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the behavioral response in a rat neuropathic pain model. One microgram per hour infusion of BDNF significantly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia tested by the pin-prick test, however, 20 microg/h-BDNF infusion, on the contrary, enhanced the response. Neither 0.5 nor 10 microg/h-BDNF infusion influenced the mechanical hyperalgesia. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, tested using a von Frey filament (23.0 mN) and the plantar test, were not influenced by BDNF treatment. These data suggest that systemic BDNF treatment can specifically alter high-threshold mechanosensitivity.     

人前磨牙牙髓牙本质复合体层粘连蛋白的免疫组织化学研究

目的　研究层粘连蛋白在牙髓牙本质复合体内的表达 ,探讨其分布与功能的关系。　方法　收集不同年龄新鲜健康人前磨牙 6 0颗 ,固定 ,脱钙 ,石蜡包埋 ,层粘连蛋白免疫组织化学染色。　结果　层粘连蛋白免疫反应性 ( IR)普遍存在于牙髓、前期牙本质和成熟牙本质小管与成牙本质细胞突起之间 ,以牙髓的神经与血管周围最为丰富 ,冠髓较根髓密集。　结论　层粘连蛋白 IR不仅见于牙髓与前期牙本质 ,而且也见于成熟牙本质 ,它对支持、固定牙髓牙本质复合体各结构的正常位置、形态可能发挥了重要作用     

Changes of interleukin expression correlate with Helicobacter pylori infection and lymph node metastases in gastric carcinoma.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection induces expression of IL-8 and IL-10 in benign gastric epithelium. This study compared the expression of cytokines in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), benign mucosal lymphocytes (ML), and tumor infiltrative lymphocytes (TIL) as well as in the benign and malignant epithelial cells of the same patient, with respect to the presence of HP infection, lymph node metastases, and tumor histologic type. The mRNA of the cytokines was measured by a semiquantitative RT-PCR method. The levels were ranked and compared using the Wilcoxon sign-ranked test. Compared with CD8+ ML, the CD8+ TIL expresses higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 but lower level of IL-4 in patients with lymph node metastases. In patients with HP infection, expression of IL-8 and IL-10 was higher in the gastric carcinoma cells than in the benign epithelial cells while expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in CD8+ TIL than CD8+ ML. Overexpression of IL-8 in HP associated gastric carcinomas suggested that they might have arisen from HP-infected epithelial cells.     

Unterschiedlich hoher Ureterdruck in Abhängigkeit von der Diureseform beim Hund

Zusammenfassung Bei Vorliegen einer normalen Diurese wird nach Ureterabklemmung der sog. hohe Ureterdruck, unter osmotischer Diurese der maximale erreicht. Die Differenz von Blutdruck und maximalem Ureterdruck war im Mittel der Versuche um 20 mm Hg kleiner als diejenige des hohen. Die Ursache dafür wird kurz diskutiert.Herrn Prof. Dr.S. Janssen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

综合ICU中低年资护士培训方法探讨

目的探讨为综合ICU培养合格的护理人员的方法。方法根据ICU护士应具备的素质及低年资护士的特点,采用定期集中培训、一对一带教、参加护理查房等方法,对基础理论和基本技能进行强化,重点加强了ICU专科护理知识地训练。结果通过客观考核和主观考核,效果良好。结论经过为期12个月两个时段较规范的岗位培训,低年资护士能较好的适应ICU工作。     

生物陶瓷微颗粒引发的细胞和组织损害

为论证生物陶瓷烧结不完全形成的微颗粒（〈5μm）引发细胞和组织损害的假设，对该类颗粒在体内和体外的细胞和组织损害进行了研究：（1）对4种双相生物陶瓷（BCP）进行细胞毒性试验。试验发现所有的浸出液出现细胞毒性，但是浸出液经离心后，毒性消失；（2）对羟基磷灰石（HA）、p磷酸三钙（pTCP）和40％pTCP／60％HA混合物微颗粒进行细胞抑制实验。结果显示随着微颗粒的浓度增加，成纤维细胞活力下降；而当微颗粒浓度达到一万个／细胞时，细胞活力和增殖能力完全消失；（3）HA，pTCP和BCP陶瓷颗粒（500-1500um）被植入到兔子股骨远端，种植12周后β-TCP的降解率为40％，BCP为5％，但是HA接近不降解。新骨形成在β-TCP（21％）和HA（18％）比BCP（12％）更为明显。同时BCP颗粒的周围有很多的微颗粒形成，可见吞噬细胞吞噬微颗粒，形成吞噬体。以上结果提示，微颗粒可能是局部炎症和细胞损害的首要原因，而且有可能影响骨形成。因此，我们必须注意生物陶瓷烧结的重要性，它们的烧结不良就可形成微颗粒，引发细胞和组织的损害。特别是BCP陶瓷含有两种需要不同烧结温度的粉体，它的烧结难度较高，很易形成微颗粒。