Genetic contributions to Parkinson's disease

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and Lewy body inclusions. It is thought to result from a complex interaction between multiple predisposing genes and environmental influences, although these interactions are still poorly understood. Several causative genes have been identified in different families. Mutations in two genes [α-synuclein and nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1)] cause the same pathology, and a third locus on chromosome 2 also causes this pathology. Other familial PD mutations have identified genes involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system [parkin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL1)], although such cases do not produce Lewy bodies. These studies highlight critical cellular proteins and mechanisms for dopamine neuron survival as disrupted in Parkinson's disease. Understanding the genetic variations impacting on dopamine neurons may illuminate other molecular mechanisms involved. Additional candidate genes involved in dopamine cell survival, dopamine synthesis, metabolism and function, energy supply, oxidative stress, and cellular detoxification have been indicated by transgenic animal models and/or screened in human populations with differing results. Genetic variation in genes known to produce different patterns and types of neurodegeneration that may impact on the function of dopamine neurons are also reviewed. These studies suggest that environment and genetic background are likely to have a significant influence on susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. The identification of multiple genes predisposing to Parkinson's disease will assist in determining the cellular pathway/s leading to the neurodegeneration observed in this disease.     

Synthesis, biodistribution and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of new 99mTc labeled pseudo-peptide complexes.

Twelve new peptide or pseudo-peptide chelators have been synthesized in the course of our continuing investigation of 99mTc-labelled peptides for application for renal imaging agents. All compounds were characterized on the basis of, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy, as well as MS and elemental analysis. All peptides yield stable 99mTc complexes using Sn(II) reactive coupling and exhibit renal uptake. Linear regression analysis between Logarithm of renal uptake value (RU) and the parameters obtained by the ZINDO/1 method was performed. Some equations were obtained which showed that molecular polar and charge have some relationship with their renal uptake.     

局部麻醉和硬膜外麻醉下行无张力腹股沟疝修补术对老年病人的影响

[目的]比较局部麻醉和硬膜外麻醉下行无张力腹股沟疝修补术对老年病人的影响。[方法]将133例同期手术老年病人用抽签法随机分为局部神经阻滞麻醉组（观察组）和硬膜外浸润麻醉组（对照组），观察两组病人术中及术后血压、心率、平均手术时间、术后首次自排小便时间、住院时间、手术并发症等。[结果]观察组病人术后生活自理时间、术后首次自排小便时间、手术及麻醉时间、住院天数均少于对照组。[结论]老年病人局部麻醉下行无张力腹股沟疝修补术比硬膜外麻醉术痛苦少、恢复快、住院时间短。     

基于临床流程功能需求的生理监测仪配置评估

病人生理监测仪是临床医学的主要仪器之一，由于所涉及的技术流程定位不同，功能需求也就不同，其功能配置也应有所不同。本文从分解分析生理监测仪相关应用领域的技术定位功能需求出发，讨论卫生技术装备管理的功能配置评估。     

遗传性小脑型共济失调症(附55例报告)

本文分析了55例小脑型遗传性共济失调的临床资料，男女之比为4：1，2/3患者年龄在37～50之间，并发症状多为行走不稳。主要临床表现为兼有躯干和肢体共济失调（78.2％），眼震（56.4），构音障碍（69.l％），约1/4病人有病理征及家族史。讨论了本病与其他疾病所致共济失调的鉴别诊断，以及本病的病理学基础。     

电视传媒在健康知识传播中的作用

电视传媒已成为人类生活中不可缺少的一部分，承担着传播知识与文化的重要任务。电视传媒对一个民族的思想文化影响力、提高该民族在国际社会中的整体形象，都具有不可替代的作用。20世纪80年代，许多健康教育机构就已经开始利用影视传媒手段为健康教育服务，并取得了明显成效。     

经尿道切除技术在下尿路疾病中的应用（附128例报告）

目的 探讨经尿道切除技术（TUR）治疗下尿路疾病的适应证、操作方法、术中术后处理及并发症预防的要点。方法 应用经尿道汽化电切术（TURVP）和双极等离子汽化电切术（TUPKVP），分别以5％葡萄糖液和生理盐水作冲洗介质，选择性耻骨上膀胱造瘘，持续低压灌洗，术后气囊导尿管留置5～7天拔管，自行排尿。结果 经尿道前列腺双极等离子汽化电切术7例，经尿道前列腺汽化电切术58例，合计前列腺手术65例；腺性膀胱炎汽化电切术43例；膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术15例；后尿道狭窄等离子汽化电切术3例；精阜腺瘤汽化电切术2例。全部病例均一次手术完成，有效率（126／128）98．4％。无膀胱穿孔、电切综合征、大出血、真性尿失禁发生。前列腺术后尿道狭窄、排尿困难再次手术者2例，占3．08％，排尿疼痛、不适感6例，占9．23％，逆行射精4例，占6．15％。结论 TUR技术是一种微创、安全、迅速、有效、恢复快、并发症较少的腔内泌尿外科治疗方法，特别适用于下尿路疾病的手术；术中持续低压灌注对确保切割视野清晰、预防并发症至关重要。     

子宫内膜息肉中雌、孕激素受体的表达

目的检测子宫内膜息肉雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达,探索子宫内膜息肉形成的原因及机制。方法子宫内膜息肉48例为观察组,正常子宫内膜36例为对照组,采用免疫组化SP法,行半定量分析,检测ER、PR的表达。结果增殖期的息肉组织中PR表达的评分结果为(2.89±2.16),低于增殖内膜的评分(4.04±1.73),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分泌期的内膜息肉中ER表达的评分结果为(3.80±1.64),高于分泌期内膜中的评分(2.64±1.45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论增殖期的子宫内膜息肉中PR的表达降低及分泌期的息肉中ER表达增高可能参与了子宫内膜息肉的形成及发展。     

中医药治疗感染性发热病84例

感染性发热病是细菌或病毒等病原微生物侵入人体而引起的急性热病,在临床上一般包括细菌性感染和病毒性感染.临证以发热恶寒、口苦头晕、胸腕痞闷、恶心纳呆、大便不畅或便秘、舌苔黄厚而腻、脉弦滑为主证,属湿热病邪侵入人体所引起的湿温病范畴.我院中医门诊自2000年以来,采用中医药辨证治疗湿热郁遏型感染性疾病获得了较好的疗效,现将资料完整的126例分析如下.     

肾癌的超声声像图与组织病理结构的相关性分析

目的:探讨不同病理组织结构肾癌的超声声像图表现,以提高超声对声像图表现不典型肾癌的超声诊断准确率。材料和方法:回顾性分析120例患者的123例肾癌和13例患者肾错构瘤的超声声像图特征,以无回声、低回声、高回声和强回声进行分类,并结合术后组织病理结果相对照。结果:123例肾癌中肾透明细胞癌117例,肾乳头状细胞癌2例,移形细胞癌2例,肾母细胞癌1例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例。121例肾恶性肿瘤声像图表现:无回声3例,低回声77例,高、强回声41例。13例肾错钩瘤均为高、强回声。结论:肾癌的声像图以低回声为主,部分可伴囊变,钙化,部分肾癌会出现高,强回声,是引起超声诊断错误的原因之一。