栀子双仁散涌泉穴外敷治疗高血压病32例

目的:观察栀子双仁散涌泉穴外敷对高血压的效果的影响。方法:将符合标准的62例患者分为治疗组和对照组,均予西医降压治疗,治疗组加用栀子双仁散(栀子、桃仁、杏仁)涌泉穴外敷治疗。结果:治疗组与对照组相比较,治疗组可以显著地降低血压。结论:栀子双仁散涌泉穴外敷对控制高血压患者血压水平有一定效果。     

沙苑子黄酮诱导白血病细胞凋亡及对Fas、FasL表达的影响

目的 探讨沙苑子黄酮(FAC)诱导白血病细胞凋亡及其机制.方法 采用图像分析术、流式细胞术、形态学观察与免疫细胞化学等方法,研究FAC诱导K562细胞凋亡.结果 FAC对K562细胞有增殖明显抑制作用,最高抑制率达96.17%;并可诱导K562细胞凋亡,最大凋亡率达64.24%.同时,FAC可使K562细胞Fas阳性表达升高,阳性率为12.53%.结论 FAC抑制K562的增殖可能与FAC诱导细胞凋亡有关;细胞调亡可能与Fas表达升高有关.     

Livin和 HIF-1α在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的 讨论凋亡抑制蛋白Livin和缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其与食管癌的发展、侵袭和转移的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测49例食管鳞状细胞癌组织及37例相应正常食管黏膜组织中Livin和HIF-1α的表达情况.结果 49例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中分别有27例Livin表达阳性(55.1%)和35例HIF-1α表达阳性(71.4%),明显高于相应正常食管组织(P＜0.01);两者的表达均与癌组织浸润深度和淋巴结转移相关,其中HIF-1α与癌组织分化程度相关(P＜0.05),而Livin与癌组织分化程度不相关(P＞0.05).Livin与HIF-1α的表达之间不存在相关性.结论 检测Livin和HIF-1α蛋白有助于评估肿瘤的生物学行为,并有利于食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床治疗决策.     

Language issues in the community pharmacy: A perspective from Wales

Objectives This study aimed to obtain the views of Welsh speakers to explore the role of the Welsh language in community pharmacies in bilingual communities in Wales. Methods Two communities with a high proportion of Welsh speakers were purposively identified for the research: one in North Wales and one in West Wales. Stage 1: semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of Welsh speakers to identify key themes. Data collection continued until no new themes emerged. Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded manually and analysed thematically. Stage 2: self‐complete questionnaire developed based on the interview results. The anonymous, bilingual questionnaire and covering letter, with a postage‐paid envelope, were delivered to 500 homes (250 in each community) for completion by the person in the household who visited a pharmacy most often. There was no follow‐up mailing due to anonymity. Data were analysed using SPSS version 12. Key findings Results from both interviews (n = 36) and questionnaires (response rate was 52%, 82% of whom were Welsh speakers) found that the majority of Welsh speakers in the study were able to understand English but preferred to use Welsh in the pharmacy. They would find it easier to explain symptoms and would ask more about their medication if they could speak Welsh with the pharmacist. In addition, the study participants would generally feel more at ease with a Welsh‐speaking pharmacist and would feel they were getting a better service if they could use their first language. Conclusions This study of Welsh speakers indicates that language choice is important for bilingual people who may prefer to use their native, minority language for consultation with health professionals. Further, it is clear that a concordant partnership between patient and pharmacist is less likely where one party is using a language with which they are not confident or comfortable. Pharmacists need to be aware of the linguistic needs and preferences of bilingual clients.     

Strontium fructose 1,6‐diphosphate alleviates early diabetic testopathy by suppressing abnormal testicular matrix metalloproteinase system in streptozocin‐treated rats

Objectives Male hypogonadism is frequently associated with testopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and in middle‐aged males. We hypothesized that abnormal matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in testis have large roles to play in male hypogonadism. It has been found in diabetic rats that a novel compound, strontium fructose 1,6‐diphosphate (FDP‐Sr), with extra high energy supply, could reverse male hypogonadism by normalizing MMP‐9 and TIMPs in the testis. We investigated whether FDP‐Sr could be promising in treating diabetic testopathy. Methods Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered a single dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were treated with FDP‐Sr in three doses or testosterone propionate in the final four weeks during the eight‐week study. Key findings Serum testosterone, activity of marker enzymes, and mRNA of MMPs and TIMPs and protein of MMP‐9 in the testis were detected. After eight weeks, the activity of acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase in testis were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), accompanied by down‐regulated mRNA and activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 (P < 0.01) and upregulated mRNA of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2. Downregulated MMP‐9 protein and degenerative changes in histology were predominant in diabetic testis. Conclusions FDP‐Sr or testosterone propionate significantly normalized expression and activity of the MMPs–TIMPs system to attenuate changes in serum testosterone, marker enzymes and histology in testis. Effects of FDP‐S‐r were dose‐dependent and comparable with those of testosterone propionate. By supplying extra energy, FDP‐Sr could be promising in treating diabetic testopathy by normalizing abnormal MMP‐9 and its endogenous inhibitors in testes.     

Study on facial motoneuronal death after proximal or distal facial nerve transection

BACKGROUND: Among the cranial nerves, the facial nerve is most liable to be damaged. Pathologic changes in the facial motor nucleus (FMN) after nerve injury are not well recognized, and the optimal time for facial nerve reconstruction after axotomy is controversial. In this study, to clarify the pathologic change in the FMN after axotomy and to determine the best time for surgery, facial motoneuronal death was investigated after facial nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into proximal and distal groups. In the proximal group, the right facial nerve was transected at the porus of internal acoustic meatus. In the distal group, the nerve was cut at the stylomastoid foramen. The animals were sacrificed from day 3 to day 60 after surgery, and the brainstem was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The FMN were then examined in serial sections stained with Cresyl Violet, and facial motoneurons were counted under a light microscope. RESULTS: The death rate of facial motoneurons in the animals that underwent proximal axotomy was found to be higher and cell death occurred earlier than in the distal axotomy animals at every time point. Moreover, neuron death increased with time and peaked at 15 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the injury site was correlated with facial motoneuronal death, and suggest that reconstructive surgery should be performed as early as possible.     

新型荧光-超声双功能复合成像剂的制备和表征***

目的：将量子点和微泡通过静电吸附自组装技术复合在一起,得到一种新型双功能复合成像剂,并对其荧光-超声成像功能进行评价。 方法：①基于表面活性剂的微泡的制备：对司盘60和吐温80表面活性剂混合乳液进行超声处理,分离并洗涤得到包裹全氟丙烷气体的微泡。②复合成像剂的制备：静电吸附自组装得到聚电解质和量子点包覆的复合微泡。③复合成像剂的表征：使用激光共聚焦显微镜以确定量子点是否成功吸附于微泡的外表面;测量荧光光谱以证明复合成像剂的荧光成像功能;进行动物体内超声造影实验以证明复合成像剂的超声造影成像功能。 结果：①激光共聚焦显微镜结果证明量子点吸附于微泡的表面。②荧光光谱证明复合成像剂具有荧光成像的功能。③动物体内造影证明复合成像剂具有良好的超声成像功能。 结论：通过层层自组装技术可得到具有荧光-超声双功能成像效果的复合成像剂,并在实验动物体内超声造影得到验证。     

Relationship of low-density lipoprotein and nephrolithiasis in different genders

Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and nephrolithiasis in a population-based study. Methods All participants were investigated by questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests including liver and renal function, lipid profile, serum fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin. Nephrolithiasis was diagnosed by kidney B-ultrasonography. Subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 were excluded. Results 10 316 individuals were enrolled with an average age of (54.88±10.27) years (range 17-88 years) and the ratio of male to female 1∶1.12. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis was 5.6%, 3.7% and 7.8% for whole population, women and men, respectively. In women, only eGFR in stone group was significantly lower than that in non-stone group (P＜0.05). However, participants in stone group were significantly older (P＜0.05), of higher blood pressure (P＜0.01), higher serum uric acid (P＜0.01), worse renal function (serum creatinine, P＜0.05; eGFR, P＜0.01), and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P＜0.05), compared with those in non-stone group in men. Logistic regression analysis showed that only eGFR (P＜0.05) was the independent influential factor for kidney stones in women; In men, LDL was an independent influential factor for nephrolithiasis with a hazard ratio of 1.149 (95%CI 1.003-1.317, P＜0.05), except for mean blood pressure and eGFR. After being divided into normal group, borderline high group and high LDL group according to the LDL level, with the increase of LDL, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis was significantly increased by 7.3%, 8.3% and 10.6% in men respectively. There was no significant relationship between total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and nephrolithiasis. Conclusions Dyslipidemia is associated with nephrolithiasis in men, and high LDL cholesterol is an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis. Clinical lipid testing not only helps to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic disease, but also reduces the risk of kidney stones.     

EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANDCLINICAL STUDIES OFEPIDEMICHEMORRHAGIC FEVER

From 1973 t0 1979 156 cases of hemorrhagic fever (HF) were treated with endoxan. Immu- nologic studies showed enhancement of humoral immunity, decrease of serum complement and suppression of cellular immunity, all of which appeared early in the course of the! disease. Cir- culating immune complexes (CIC) were found at the same trime. Renal biopsy revealed that im- mune complexes (lC) were present on glomeruli basement membrane. Good clinical response was noted upori early inst.itut.ion of endoxan therapy, more than 90To of the patients did not go through the stages of hypotension and/or oliguria. The pathogenesis of the disea.se is briefly discussed.     

肛门袋冲洗联合低负压引流装置在ICU失禁性皮炎护理中的应用

目的观察肛门袋冲洗联合低负压引流装置在ICU失禁性皮炎护理中的应用效果.方法选择入住ICU的60例失禁性皮炎患者,根据随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各30例.对照组采用常规操作行失禁性皮炎护理,观察组在常规操作基础上应用肛门袋冲洗联合低负压引流装置行失禁性皮炎护理.干预7d后,比较两组患者肛周皮肤情况.结果干预后,观察组患者失禁性皮炎分度为0度23例、Ⅰ度7例,无Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度;对照组0度10例、Ⅰ度12例、Ⅱ度7例、Ⅲ1例,观察组患者失禁性皮炎分度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组患者失禁性皮炎治疗有效24例、显效5例,对照组有效9例、显效0例,观察组效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论肛门袋冲洗联合低负压引流装置能够显著改善ICU患者失禁性皮炎.