Comparison of De Novo Cancer Incidence in Australian Liver,Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients

Population‐based evidence on the relative risk of de novo cancer in liver and cardiothoracic transplant recipients is limited. A cohort study was conducted in Australia using population‐based liver (n = 1926) and cardiothoracic (n = 2718) registries (1984–2006). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed by cancer type, transplanted organ and recipient age. Cox regression models were used to compare cancer incidence by transplanted organ. During a median 5‐year follow‐up, the risk of any cancer in liver and cardiothoracic recipients was significantly elevated compared to the general population (n = 499; SIR = 2.62, 95%CI 2.40–2.86). An excess risk was observed for 16 cancer types, predominantly cancers with a viral etiology. The pattern of risk by cancer type was broadly similar for heart, lung and liver recipients, except for Merkel cell carcinoma (cardiothoracic only). Seventeen cancers (10 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas), were observed in 415 pediatric recipients (SIR = 23.8, 95%CI 13.8–38.0). The adjusted hazard ratio for any cancer in all recipients was higher in heart compared to liver (1.29, 95%CI 1.03–1.63) and lung compared to liver (1.65, 95%CI 1.26–2.16). Understanding the factors responsible for the higher cancer incidence in cardiothoracic compared to liver recipients has the potential to lead to targeted cancer prevention strategies in this high‐risk population.     

分析不同阅片者解读三维高分辨力增强磁共振减影图像的一致性

目的探讨不同阅片者解读三维高分辨力增强磁共振血管减影(3DCE HR MRSI)图像的一致性。方法对35例脑转移瘤患者分别行单倍和双倍钆布醇对比剂(1.0M,15ml)3DCE HR MRI,以双倍图像减去单倍图像,得到3DCE HR MRSI。比较阅片者A、B和C(拥有不同年限读片经验)对转移病灶数目和解读时间的差异,评价其一致性。结果对于3DCE HR MRSI,阅片者A、B和C的准确率分别为96.86%(185/191)、91.62%(175/191)和98.95%(189/191),每例的平均解读时间分别为(46.00±6.34)s、(33.80±6.78)s和(32.70±5.76)s,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。不同阅片者间的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.883～0.891)。结论不同阅片者解读3D HR CE MRSI具有较好的准确率和一致性。     

术后认知功能障碍研究相关的神经心理学概念

背景 随着社会老龄化,老年手术患者增多,术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)越来越受到关注.POCD的诊断是一个排除性诊断,而麻醉医师对其相关神经心理学的概念了解有限. 目的 比较全面地介绍POCD相关的神经心理学概念,加深对诊断POCD的理解,为其临床研究提供参考. 内容 根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)的分类,POCD是轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的一种特殊类型.诊断POCD除了要排除阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer's disease,AD)、谵妄这类明显的神经精神疾病,还要鉴别抑郁及血管性认知功能损伤等其他轻度认知功能损害.对MCI、正常老化、谵妄、抑郁及阿尔茨海默病等神经心理学概念的研究现状及与POCD的相互关系进行综述. 趋向 POCD的研究需要神经心理学等跨专业的学科知识,寻求相关专业同仁的支持,加强学科间的交流合作,共同研究POCD十分必要.     

半肩假体置换治疗肱骨近端复杂性骨折的应用研究

目的探讨半肩假体置换治疗肱骨近端NeerⅢ和NeerⅣ骨折的临床疗效及手术要点。方法从2005年9月～2010年10月,本组收治了33例肱骨近端复杂骨折的患者,男14例,女19例;年龄62～80岁,平均73.7岁;左侧11例,右侧22例,NeerⅢ13例,NeerⅣ20例,行LINK半肩假体置换治疗。术后应用改良的半肩关节置换评分系统（scoring system-modification for hemiarthroplasty,SSMH）评分和美国肩肘医师评分（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score,ASES）评价治疗效果。结果 33例患者中均得到随访,随访时间6～55个月,平均28个月。SSMH评分术后1周平均评分14.5分,末次随访（所有患者随访时间均〉6个月）平均评分25.6分,ASES评分术后1周平均评分45分,末次随访平均为84分。结论半肩关节置换是一种治疗肱骨近端复杂性骨折的有效方法,肩袖重建方式、假体与关节盂吻合度、术后功能锻炼是影响疗效的主要因素。     

基层医院院内下呼吸道感染铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌耐药分析

目的：了解基层医院院内下呼吸道感染铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药情况,为合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法 BACT/ALERT 3D select抗菌药物敏感测定箱法检测淮南新华医院2007年1月至2011年12月痰标本分离获得的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南等16种抗菌药物的药敏结果,并按美国国家临床实验室标准委员会2009年标准进行判断,用WHONET 5.0软件分析数据。结果本院近5年共分离出铜绿假单胞菌796株、鲍曼不动杆菌101株。耐药性分析显示铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的敏感率最高（3.85%～14%）、其次为阿米卡星（12.7%～27.5%）;鲍曼不动杆菌对所有抗菌药物的敏感率均较低（＜40%）。结论铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药在基层医院很严重,需要严格掌握抗菌药物使用。     

Associations of self-esteem,dysfunctional beliefs and coping style with depression in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary survey

Psychological models of depression in schizophrenia have proposed that cognitive structures (e.g., self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs) may have a role in the development and maintenance of depression. However, it has not been clear what the characteristics of these cognitive structures were in people with schizophrenia and whether they have an independent association with depression, especially in those from a Chinese cultural background. The present investigation examined 133 people with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls and indicated that compared to the controls people with schizophrenia showed lower self-esteem, higher levels of dysfunctional beliefs and negative coping styles. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only low frustration tolerance, problem solving and self-blame were found to be the independent correlates of depression in schizophrenia. Results are discussed with the view of clinical implications of cognitive formulation and therapy for schizophrenia in China.     

包裹左旋多巴/苄丝肼PLGA微球通过Tau蛋白/△FosB信号通路治疗异动症大鼠的实验研究

目的 探讨可缓释包裹左旋多巴/苄丝肼微球对异动症大鼠的治疗作用及其机制.方法 通过注射6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)制作帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)大鼠模型,制模成功的PD大鼠模型接受左旋多巴(25mg/kg)/苄丝肼(12.5mg/kg)腹腔注射21 d制作异动症大鼠模型.将异动症大鼠分成普通剂型组(n=13)和微球组(n=13)两组.普通剂型组给予普通剂型左旋多巴/苄丝肼皮下注射(按体质量左旋多巴12 mg/kg、苄丝肼15mg/kg),微球组给予等剂量包裹左旋多巴/苄丝肼微球皮下注射.分别于治疗第1、5、10、15和第20天,在大鼠腹腔注射阿扑吗啡后计数其旋转圈数,并于治疗3周后对大鼠进行异常不自主运动(AIM)评分(包括上肢、口面部和轴性3部分).另设PD组和假手术组大鼠各13只.以Western Blot检测大鼠纹状体区△FosB、Tau蛋白和磷酸化Tau蛋白水平,免疫组织化学法测定大鼠纹状体区磷酸化Tau蛋白阳性细胞水平.结果 普通剂型组大鼠在治疗后的第1、5、10、15和20天阿扑吗啡诱导的旋转圈数分别为221±34.4、180±25.4、123±17.3、91±13.1、84±10.7,微球组大鼠的旋转圈数分别为223±35.1、172±26.8、131±18.7、97±14.9、82±10.5,两组各时点分别比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).微球组大鼠轴性AIM、上肢AIM、口面AIM评分分别为6.5±0.9、4.1±0.5、5.8±0.7,均低于普通剂型组大鼠(分别为10.3±1.9、6.3±0.9、8.2±1.2)(均P＜0.05).Western blot结果显示,普通剂型组大鼠纹状体△FosB水平[(620.7±48.3)％]高于PD组[(290.2±31.5％)](t=2.11,P＜0.05),但低于微球组[(320.5±32.8)％](t=4.56,P＜0.01).普通剂型组纹状体区磷酸化Tau蛋白水平[(340.4±27.1)％]高于PD组[(130.4±21.5)％](t=2.67,P＜0.05),微球组[(134.6±14.1)％]低于普通剂型组(t=4.13,P＜0.01).免疫组化结果示,普通剂型组大鼠纹状体区磷酸化Tau蛋白阳性细胞指数为(14.6±2.3)×104,高于PD组[(6.9±1.1)×104](t=3.98,P＜0.01),微球组[(7.2±1.1)×104]明显低于普通剂型组(t=3.76,P＜0.01).结论 微球治疗减轻了异动症大鼠的症状,其原因可能是由于可缓释包裹左旋多巴/苄丝肼微球通过影响Tau蛋白/△FosB信号通路的活性,进而改善了异动症大鼠的症状.     

Paternal versus maternal coping styles with child diagnosis of developmental delay

Parents of children with disabilities vary in their reaction to their children's diagnosis. The current study focused on fathers in addition to mothers and examined their resolution and coping styles when having children diagnosed with developmental delay (DD). Sixty-five fathers and 71 mothers were interviewed using the reaction to the diagnosis interview (RDI; Pianta & Marvin, 1992a). Results indicated that the majority of parents were unresolved with their child's diagnosis, with no differences found between fathers’ and mothers’ rates of resolution. Furthermore, both parents of children that were diagnosed at a later age and parents that were less educated tended to be unresolved, as did fathers of a lower socioeconomic status. Older age of both children and mothers was related to maternal lack of resolution. Finally, an in-depth examination revealed significant differences in the manner in which fathers and mothers cope with their children's diagnosis: whereas mothers were more prone to using an emotional coping style, fathers tended to use a cognitive coping style. The clinical implications of paternal versus maternal coping styles are discussed.