头穴透刺治疗急性中风病针刺部位特异性观察

目的:观察头穴透刺与常规头针治疗急性中风病的临床疗效差异,探寻头针治疗急性中风病的有效部位及机制。方法:将60例急性中风病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组在神经内科治疗基础上,观察组采用病灶侧百会透刺太阳穴,连续接力式针刺4针;对照组采用病灶侧顶颞前斜线,连续接力式针刺4针。治疗14天后,比较两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损程度(NDS)评分变化和总体疗效,分别检测患者第2天、第14天血浆内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的含量。结果:观察组有效率为86.7%(26/30),优于对照组的80.0%(24/30);两组治疗后NDS评分均有明显降低(均P0.01),且观察组的改善程度优于对照组(P0.01);两组治疗后ET水平均明显降低,CGRP水平均明显升高(均P0.01),且观察组较对照组变化幅度更明显(均P0.01)。结论:百会透刺太阳为治疗急性中风病的有效方法,优于常规头针治疗。     

虎杖苷对大鼠脑出血性损伤脑脊液中兴奋性氨基酸动态变化的影响

目的:观察虎杖苷对大鼠脑出血损伤后脑脊液中兴奋性氨基酸动态变化和脑组织含水量的影响,探讨虎杖苷对脑出血损伤的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法:采用微透析-高效液相色谱法建立天门冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(G lu)的测定方法;用Ⅶ型胶原酶诱导建立大鼠脑出血模型,观察虎杖苷对大鼠脑出血后0,6,12,24,36,48,60,72,84,96,108 h脑脊液内天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量的动态变化,并断头取脑检测脑组织含水量。结果:天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量在大鼠脑出血后24 h内迅速升高,并于24 h达到最高,随后逐渐开始降低。虎杖苷治疗后,天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量均上升缓慢,分别在12~72,6~84 h与同时段模型组比较有显著性差异(P0.01或P0.05),84,96 h后与同时段模型组相比无显著性差异。与假手术组比较,模型组脑含水量明显较高,虎杖苷组则明显降低(P0.01)。结论:虎杖苷能抑制脑出血后脑脊液中ASP,G lu含量升高,能明显抑制脑出血造成的脑水肿,表明虎杖苷抗脑出血损伤的作用机制可能与其抗脑出血后兴奋性氨基酸含量的升高有关。     

山精胶囊对心肌缺血大鼠NF-κB信号通路相关凋亡蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究山精胶囊对心肌缺血大鼠核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3),抗细胞凋亡B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病2基因(Bcl-2),促细胞凋亡Bcl-2相关X蛋白基因(Bax)表达的影响,探讨其对心肌缺血的保护作用和机制。方法:采用冠状动脉结扎法造模,4周后进行心电图检测,提示慢性心肌缺血模型成功,并筛选分组。山精胶囊低、中、高剂量组ig给药剂量分别为283.5,850.5,1 701.0 mg·kg-1;阳性药心安胶囊ig给药剂量为324.0mg·kg-1。假手术组和模型组ig给予同等剂量的0.9%的氯化钠注射液。每日ig给药1次,连续给药10 d。以心电图法观察其对大鼠心电图ST段的影响,检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK),天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的含量,免疫组化法检测心肌组织中NF-κB,Caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组ST段显著抬高(P0.05),LDH,CK和AST活性显著升高(P0.05),心肌组织中的NF-κB,Caspase-3,Bax的蛋白表达水平显著增高(P0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低(P0.05);与模型组比较山精胶囊能明显抑制心肌缺血大鼠的ST段抬高,降低血清心肌酶LDH,CK,AST的活性(P0.05),显著降低NF-κB,Caspase-3,Bax蛋白表达(P0.05),提高Bcl-2的蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论:山精胶囊可能是通过调控NF-κB信号通路相关凋亡蛋白的表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,减少缺血缺氧对心肌细胞的病理损害,起到对心肌的保护作用。     

单侧隐睾大鼠对侧睾丸组织中SCF/c-kit基因表达变化及意义

Objective To investigate the pathologic changes and expressions of SCF and c-kit in the contralateral testes in rat model of unilateral cryptorchidism. Methods Thirty male SD rats were maintained under controlled temperature and constant photoperiodic conditions with access to food and water. The rats were randomly assaigned to the control group and the experimental unilateral cryptorchidism group. The left testis of the rats in the unilateral cryptorchidism group was placed into the abdominal cavity. The control group rats were subjected to sham surgery. Three months later, the rats were sacrificed and their right testes were harvested. The pathological changes were observed under microscope. The mRNA and protein expression of SCF and c-kit were also investigated using quantitative Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Apoptotic germ cells were detected by TUNEL staining. Results All rats survived to the endpoints. The right testes of rats of the unilateral cryptorichid group were smaller than those of the control group. Normal testes of the control group rats manifested active spermatogenesis and orderly arrangement of germ cells.However, disordered and sloughed germinal cells with less distinct seminiferous tubule borders were observed in the contralateral testes of rats with experimental unilateral cryptorichid under the microscope. Cmpared with the control testes, the mRNA and protein expression of SCF and c-kit of the contralateral testes of rats with experimental unilateral cryptorichid was decreased (P＜0.05). The apoptotic germ cells were increased (19.7±3.83 vs 5. 4 ± 1.02, P＜0. 05). The SCF/c-kit expression was positively correlated with the germ cell apoptosis (P＜0. 01 ). Conclusions The decreased expression of SCF and c-kit and increased germ cell apoptosis are found in the contralateral testes, which may contribute to thc infertility in the rat model of experimental unilateral cryptorchidism.     

腹腔镜治疗儿童先天性食管裂孔旁疝

目的 分析和研究腹腔镜下治疗儿童先天性食管裂孔旁疝的经验.方法 2005年至2010年诊治10例食管裂孔旁疝的患儿,其中5例为混合性食管裂孔疝.年龄8个月～10岁,平均年龄5.2岁,男6例,5例表现为贫血,2例反复呼吸道感染,3例反复呕吐伴营养不良,术前通过胃肠钡餐检查(GI)及胸部CT检查,均发现右侧胸腔占位及胃泡影,其中2例胸腔被腹腔内容物占据.采用改良Thal方法,腹腔镜下修补食管裂孔旁疝,切除疝囊,关闭裂孔,并作抗反流.结果 全部病例在腹腔镜下行改良Thal法治疗,手术时间90～150 min,术中发现疝孔大小3.0～5.5cm,大部分胃组织疝入后纵隔,其中3例患儿伴有结肠疝入,同时合并有4例胃扭转,患儿均有巨大的疝囊组织.术后行GI检查,无反流,胃泡位置正常,胃肠功能恢复好,术后3～5 d出院,随访6个月,贫血及术前症状均消失,生长发育良好.结论 先天性食管裂孔旁疝通常伴有其他并发症,需要早期诊断、早期治疗,如果缺损较大伴有食管贲门交界处疝入后纵隔,需要在修补裂孔的基础上做抗反流手术,腹腔镜下改良Thal是一种有效的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze our experience of diagnosis and treatment of congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia(PEHH). Methods Between 2005 and 2010, the records of 10 patients with PEHH were retrospectively reviewed. Five patients had a combination of sliding and paraesophageal hernia. The age ranged from 8 month to 10 year. Average age was 5. 2 year.Five case presented with anemia,2 cases with recurrent respiratory infection. 3 cases with vomiting and failure to thrive. Diagnosis was confirmed by upper gastro-intestinal constrast study and chest CT scans. All patients present with right paracardiac opacity and gas bubbles in the right lower thorax. In two cases, the opacity occupied the right thorax. We carried out modified Thal procedure to repair the paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Results Thal procedure was successfully completed in all patients. The.operation time ranged from 90 minutes to 150 minutes. The diameter of these hernia ranged from 3 to 5. 5 cm with most of stomach displaced into the thorax. Three pateints had transverse colon herniated into the thorax. In four patients, the gastric volvulus was encountered. Post-operatively, there was no evidence of gastro-esophageal reflux. Patients were discharged in 3 to 5 days. Symptoms subsided and the growth of the children was normal. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment for congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia is recommended. Large defect is associated with displacement of gastro-esophageal junction into the thorax. Additional antireflux procedure to is recommended. The modified Thal procedure is an effective way of repairing PEHH.     

内镜下离断直肠尿道瘘黏膜预防先天性肛门闭锁术后尿道并发症

目的探讨小婴儿在先天性肛门闭锁二期手术中,在直肠腔内应用胃镜离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层的作用。方法收集2020年1月至2020年5月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院普通外科因先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘行二期肛门成形术8例患儿的病例资料。所有患儿均为先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘已行一期结肠造瘘术后。均为男性患儿,平均手术年龄为3.9个月,手术年龄范围为2.8~6.3个月;平均体重为7.5 kg,体重范围为5.9~9.0 kg;造瘘口位于右上腹1例,脐上中腹部3例,左上腹2例,左下腹2例。因为本研究患儿年龄较小,肠腔细小、薄弱,故应用成人的普通电子胃镜在结肠、直肠内操作。在二期肛门成形术中,均在胃镜下尝试离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层组织,在胃镜离断黏膜后,再行腹腔镜辅助肛门成形术。结果8例患儿,1例经胃镜多次尝试仍未能到达直肠末端而放弃胃镜下黏膜离断术。1例因术中呼吸循环不稳定,仅在胃镜下完成交接部黏膜离断术,而未连续完成腹腔镜下肛门成形术,5 d后在腹腔镜下完成肛门成形术。其余6例均完成胃镜下瘘口交界部黏膜及黏膜下离断术,并同期行腹腔镜下肛门成形术。二期术后两周行尿道造影复查未见尿道狭窄和尿道憩室。结论运用胃镜在直肠腔内游离直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下组织的操作方法是可行、有效的,是目前比较准确和全新的辅助直肠末端离断的方法,也是胃镜和腹腔镜联合手术完成肛门成形术的有益尝试。     

妊娠糖尿病母亲母乳中真胰岛素水平及对婴儿生长的影响

目的:探讨妊娠糖尿病(GDM)哺乳期妇女初乳、42天和90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平,分析其相关因素及其对婴儿体格发育的影响.方法:采用双位点单克隆抗体夹心放大酶联免疫分析法(BA-ELISA)测定GDM产妇和健康产妇初乳、42天和90天成熟乳及新生儿脐血中真胰岛素水平,监测婴儿90天内生长情况.结果GDM组初乳及90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平均高于对照组(22.8μU/ml比20.4μU/ml,33.6μU/ml比23.5μU/ml,P均<0.05).母亲孕前、产前、产后42天和90天的体质指数(BMI)与90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,产后42天BMI与42天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,孕期糖化血红蛋白百分比与90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,剖宫产者初乳真胰岛素水平低于阴道分娩者(21.2μU/ml比96.3μU/ml,P<0.05).42天时高母乳喂养组母乳中真胰岛素水平低于低母乳喂养组(29.7μU/ml比69.6μU/ml,P<0.05).脐血中真胰岛素水平与出生体重和身长正相关,42天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平与出生至42天的体重增长值负相关,90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平与90天头围负相关.结论:GDM哺乳期妇女母乳中真胰岛素水平较正常哺乳期妇女高,分娩方式和喂养方式对成熟乳中真胰岛素水平有影响,母乳中真胰岛素水平与孕产妇的BMI值呈正相关,对婴儿体格生长起调节作用.     

遗传性痉挛性截瘫散发病例的诊断

目的：分析遗传性痉挛性截瘫发病例的临床特点，探讨影响预后的因素。方法：总结了20例散发遗传性痉挛性截瘫患者的临床资料，并进行了随访。结果：起病年龄平均为4岁7个月，首发症状均为步态异常，以进行性痉挛性截瘫为特征，且肌张力增高较肌力减弱更为显著。体感诱发电位检查6例中5例有异常。脊髓MRI检查有2例异常。10例4岁前发病者，8例不能独走，5例发展为复杂型；10例4岁以后发病者，均能维持独直能力且均为单纯型，2例DDST筛查有精神发育落后的患儿均转为复杂型，结论：遗传性痉挛性截瘫散发病例的临床特点与有家族史者相似。体感诱发电位检查可具有重要的诊断价值。4岁前发病者或早期伴有精神发育落的地凰可能较差。     

不同时期卡维地洛干预对柯萨奇病毒致心肌纤维化模型小鼠心肌组织炎性因子表达的影响

目的 研究柯萨奇病毒诱导小鼠病毒性心肌炎后心肌纤维化发病中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、内皮素-1(ET-1)等炎性因子的表达及不同时期应用卡维地洛干预对其影响.方法 雄性BALB/c小鼠40只随机分为对照组、模型组、急性期治疗组、慢性期治疗组,每组10只.对照组皮下注射9 g/L盐水,其余组腹腔注射100TCID50的柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3) 0.1 mL,以后每2周腹腔接种同批次CVB3,每次递增0.05 mL,共6周;急性期治疗组第2天开始、慢性期治疗组第4周开始给予卡维地洛10mg/(kg·d)灌胃,共2周;对照组和模型组均给予等量9 g/L盐水灌胃.第6周末各组取心脏计算心脏质量指数(HWI),心肌组织行Masson染色测胶原容积积分(CVF);酶联免疫吸附试验法检测心肌组织ET-1水平,免疫组织化学检测TGF-β1和CTGF水平;反转录-聚合酶链反应测定三者mRNA表达.结果 与对照组相比,模型组小鼠HWI及心肌组织CVF明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);急、慢性期治疗组较模型组下降,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);且急性期治疗组低于慢性期治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);模型组心肌组织中TGF-β1、CTGF、ET-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达明显升高(P均＜0.01),急、慢性治疗组较模型组下降,且急性期治疗组较慢性期治疗组降低(P均＜0.01).结论 TGF-β1、CTGF、ET-1参与CVB致心肌纤维化的发病过程,卡维地洛可通过下调炎性因子的过度表达减轻心肌纤维化程度,早期应用效果好.     

百草枯致小鼠肺泡上皮细胞损伤过程中microRNA表达谱分析

目的 研究百草枯(PQ)致小鼠肺泡上皮细胞损伤过程中microRNA(miRNA)表达谱的变化,并预测差异表达的miRNA靶基因和相关的生物学功能.方法 体外培养小鼠肺泡上皮细胞系MLE12细胞,加入不同浓度的PQ,通过CCK-8方法检测细胞活力以及流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,最终选择100μ MPQ作为合适的实验浓度....