Operation Everest II: Alterations in the immune system at high altitudes

We investigated the effects on immune function after progressive hypobaric hypoxia simulating an ascent to 25,000 ft (7620 m) over 4 weeks. Multiple simultaneousin vitro andin vivo immunologic variables were obtained from subjects at sea level, 7500 ft (2286 m), and 25,000 ft during a decompression chamber exposure. Phytohemag-glutinin-stimulated thymidine uptake and protein synthesis in mononuclear cells were reduced at extreme altitudes. Mononuclear-cell subset analysis by flow cytometry disclosed an increase in monocytes without changes in B cells or T-cell subsets. Plasma IgM and IgA but not IgG levels were increased at altitudes, whereas pokeweed mitogen-stimulatedin vitro IgG, IgA, and IgM secretion was unchanged. During exposure to 25,000 ft,in vitro phytohemagglutinin-stimulated interferon production and natural killer-cell cytotoxicity did not change statistically, but larger intersubject differences occurred. IgA and lysozyme levels (nasal wash) and serum antibodies to nuclear antigens were not influenced by altitude exposure. These results suggest that T-cell activation is blunted during exposure to severe hypoxemia, whereas B-cell function and mucosal immunity are not. Although the mechanism of alteredin vitro immune responsiveness after exposure to various environmental stressors has not been elucidated in humans, hypoxia may induce alterations in immune regulation as suggested byin vitro immune assays of effector-cell function.Some of this study's results were presented as an abstract at the FASEB meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, 1986.     

PBX1基因剪切体表达与SLE的相关研究

了解PBX1基因各种剪切体的表达在SLE患者和正常人中是否存在差异 ,探讨PBX1的表达与SLE发病的相关性。通过PCR扩增及毛细管芯片电泳 ,确证剪切体h、k、l存在于人体 ;通过实时荧光定量PCR技术 ,对剪切体h、k、l分别进行SLE患者组和正常组的mRNA表达定量比较。结果发现这 3种剪切体在患者组中的表达较正常人明显降低 ,正常人的表达是SLE的 9～ 12倍。重度患者的k、l剪切体与轻中度的病人相比表达明显降低 ,并发狼疮性肾炎的病人k剪切体的表达较无肾累及的病人显著降低。说明PBX1基因剪切体h、k、l在SLE患者中mRNA表达水平下降 ,并与SLE活动度及肾累及有关。提示机体通过PBX1的表达量的调节可能参与SLE的发病     

Ganglioglial Differentiation in Medulloblastoma

A case of cerebellar medulloblastoma with clusters of mature ganglion cells and glial cells is described. The patient, a 15 -year -old girl, underwent three operations followed each time by radiation and chemotherapy during the four-year clinical course. Histologically, the ganglion cells were clearly identifiable by their abundant eosino-philic cytoplasm, round nuclei with prominent nucleoli, tigroid granules, and argyrophilic fibrils and axons. Im-munohistochemically, the cells were NSE- and NF positive, and ultrastructurally they contained abundant tubules and filaments, neurosecretory granules and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. There were many cells transitional in appearance between primitive cells and mature ganglion cells. The tumor also had many mature yet atypical astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The exact mechanism of the extensive neuronal and glial maturation of medulloblastoma cells is unclear, but the repetitive surgical interventions, radiation and chemotherapy might have had certain cytostatic effects on rapidly dividing medulloblastoma cells, giving them a chance to mature into postmitotic cells with potential for neuronal and glial differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 50–56, 1990.     

晶状体膜蛋白MIP基因C末端一个新的错义突变导致双眼多形性先天性白内障

目的 定位一个双眼多形性先天性白内障家系的致病位点,寻找疾病家系的致病基因.方法 应用ABI-MD10试剂盒中的常染色体382个微卫星位点,对一个常染色体显性、双眼具有不同白内障形态的先天性白内障家系进行全基因组扫描.MLINK软件进行两点连锁分析.直接测序候选基因外显子.结果 在D12S83处获得最大LOD值Zmax=5.44(θ=0),该家系致病位点被定位到12p11.2-q15之间的区域上,在该区域的白内障候选基因晶状体膜蛋白基因(major intrinsic protein,MIP)的第4外显子中发现单个碱基错义突变,702ntG→A,导致p.R233K.结论 该先天性白内障由MIP基因702ntG→A突变所致,导致MIP蛋白质的C-末端中p.R233K,从而可能减少了氢键的形成,影响了该蛋白C-末端的稳定性,推测影响了MIP对水的调节及由该蛋白质形成的细胞之间的连接.这一新突变为目前世界上首次报道.     

1型糖尿病及肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平及与其它常用指标相关性分析

目的比较1型糖尿病及肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平。方法以EL1SA方法测定35例1型糖尿病、32例肥胖及35例健康儿童的血清瘦素水平。35例1型糖尿病患者中 ,7例为新患糖尿病伴酮症酸中毒的患者。通过测定C -肽水平来评估胰岛素的分泌。C -肽、血糖、糖化血红蛋白按常规方法测定。结果糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平低于对照组 (P<0.001)。肥胖儿童血清瘦素及C -肽水平高于糖尿病组及对照组。在糖尿病新患者中 ,经1个月的胰岛素治疗后 ,血清瘦素水平未有任何变化 (P>0.05)。在联合组中 ,瘦素与体重指数 (bodymassindex,BMI)及C -肽呈正相关(P<0.001) ,而与血糖及糖化血红蛋白呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论1型糖尿病患儿血清瘦素水平低可能与代谢控制有关的慢性胰岛素缺乏引起的。瘦素及胰岛素在保持身体体重稳定的过程中可能起着补充作用。     

糖尿病肾病患者治疗前后AT-Ⅱ,VEGF,ET和ANP水平变化

目的 :检测糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者治疗前后血管紧张素Ⅱ (AT -Ⅱ )、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮素 (ET)和心钠素 (ANP)含量变化 ,以比较不同药物的治疗效果。方法 :对象为DN患者分为 2组 :中药治疗观察组 35例 ;对照组 35例 ;正常对照组 35例。用放免法和ELISA法分别测定治疗前后血浆AT -Ⅱ、VEGF、ET和ANP水平。结果 :2组DN患者治疗前AT -Ⅱ、VEGF、ET和ANP含量均明显高于正常对照组 (p <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ,治疗后较治疗前明显降低 (p<0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。观察组治疗后各含量下降较对照组明显。糖尿病肾病患者AT -Ⅱ含量与VEGF呈正相关 (r=0 4 6 5 ,p<0 0 5 ) ,血浆ET含量与ANP呈正相关 (r=0 6 1,p <0 0 5 ) ,观察组疗效稍好于对照组。结论 :AT -Ⅱ、VEGF、ET和ANP与DN的发生发展和病情的严重程度有关 ,它们之间可相互作用共同参与DN病变过程。以它们的指标作为疗效观察 ,中西药结合治疗糖尿病肾病患者效果较好。     

长期体外反搏对冠状动脉闭塞犬的促血管新生作用研究

目的 探索长期体外反搏对冠状动脉闭塞犬心肌微血管和血管新生作用的影响以及对循环和心肌局部血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法 雄性Beagle犬12只,随机分为对照组(n=6)和反搏组(n=6),均用心导管法建立定向冠状动脉闭塞模型3 d后,反搏组接受体外反搏处理,每日1 h,持续共6周(每只犬反搏总时间28～30 h).血管细胞成分免疫标记技术比较心肌微血管的差异和血管新生作用.双抗体夹心ELISA法测定犬血清VEGF水平动态变化.免疫组化SP法(链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶免疫组化染色超敏法)测定心肌组织局部VEGF的表达.RT-PCR检测心肌组织局部VEGF Mrna的表达.结果 (1)图像分析证实,反搏组犬缺血心肌组织内的微血管的数量显著高于对照组[α-actin:(11.8±5.3)支/HP比(3.4 ±1.2)支/HP,P＜0.05 ;FⅧ-r-Ag :(15.2±6.3)支/HP比(4.9±2.1)支/HP, P＜0.05].(2)冠状动脉急性闭塞后,两组犬的血清VEGF水平开始升高,在24 h均达到一峰值水平,随后VEGF水平下降,约在1周时降至最低.之后两组犬的血清VEGF水平有轻微增加,但组间变化差异无统计学意义.(3)反搏组犬缺血心肌组织的VEGF表达范围较广泛,但绝大部分仍分布于心肌细胞,少数分布于血管内皮细胞和成纤维细胞.相反,在对照组,心肌VEGF阳性表达的范围和强度均不及反搏组.(4)免疫组化图像分析发现,反搏组犬心肌VEGF表达的面积[(0.0353±0.0090)mm2比(0.0036±0.0008)mm2,P＜0.01]、吸光度指数[(3.0391±0.5121)比(0.3473±0.0840),P＜0.01)]均高于对照组;对两组心肌组织VEGF Mrna的表达进行半定量分析,结果反搏组犬心肌VEGF Mrna的表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),增加73.5%.结论 长期体外反搏治疗促进冠状动脉侧支循环和新生血管形成,促进缺血心肌组织局部VEGF蛋白和Mrna水平的表达可能是体外反搏的治疗机制之一.     

纤维蛋白原与吸附白蛋白、肝素的新型血管支架材料氧化钛的血液相容性

探索纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIG)与吸附白蛋白、肝素的新型血管支架材料氧化钛(Titanium Oxide,Ti-O)的血液相容性。(1)研制Ti-O,切割成薄膜;(2)Ti-O薄膜涂层白蛋白和肝素;(3)血小板(platelet,PL)吸附试验;(4)酶联免疫试验测FIG吸附量;(5)动物犬股动脉内植入涂层的Ti-O薄膜与对照试片Ti-O和不锈钢(Stainless steel,SS)薄膜。结果发现:Ti-O完全具有固定白蛋白和肝素的结构与性能,比未涂层的Ti-O能更一步减少PL和FIG的吸附,实验动物体内薄膜6个月后取出扫描电镜观察黏附的PL少,形态无改变,血管内无血栓,优于未涂层的Ti-O,更明显优于SS。Ti-O为N型半导体,不易接受FIG的电荷,并且与血细胞有相似的界面张力,决定生物材料Ti-O有较好的血液相容性。Ti-O对白蛋白、肝素有极好的亲和力是因以化学键相结合,在血中进一步减少FIG和PL被涂层的Ti-O吸附。实验证明涂层的Ti-O有持久和稳定的抗凝血性能。