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71.
C. Seidl V. Brixner T. Müller-Kuller W. Sireis P. Costello Z. Cermakova F. Delaney A. M. Douglas M. Nightingale J. P. Van Galen M. O’Connell W. Siegel L. Sobaga J. De Wit E. Seifried 《ISBT科学丛刊》2008,3(1):54-62
The European blood legislation has defined several key quality elements to achieve Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in the field of blood transfusion. During the recent years, the blood legislation is in the process of implementation throughout its member states. Following the Directive 2002/98/EC, Directive 2005/62/EC has given further requirements for quality-management systems to be fulfilled by blood establishments. In addition, GMP/Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and ISO standards are used inter alia by blood establishments. In order to support the implementation of the blood legislation, the European Public Health Work Plan (2005/2007) has cofunded two projects, led by the German Red Cross and supported by the European Blood Alliance, delivering a common European Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) methodology (EU-Q-Blood-SOP) and criteria and standards for the inspection of blood establishments (EUBIS). The EU-SOP manual will assist blood establishments in preparing for the inspection of their services related to the implementation of quality relevant elements required by the EU Directive 2002/98/EC and its technical annexes. The standards and criteria for inspection of blood establishments will cross-reference existing quality standards to the directive requirements and define requirements for the structure of quality-management systems based on the directive 2002/98/EC and its technical annexes. Based on these requirements, inspection standards and criteria are developed to assist in the independent assessment of quality systems established by individual blood establishments. These assessments are done in relation to the requirements defined by the European Union legislation on blood, in order to safeguard the quality of blood and to achieve continuous improvement of its quality throughout Europe. 相似文献
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M.-E. Costello F. Huygens 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2011,30(10):1163-1167
Emergence and dissemination of community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains are being reported with increasing frequency in Australia and worldwide. These strains of CA-MRSA are genetically
diverse and distinct in Australia. Genotyping of CA-MRSA using eight highly-discriminatory single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) is a rapid and robust method for monitoring the dissemination of these strains in the community. In this study, a SNP
genotyping method was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of 249 community acquired non-multiresistant MRSA (nm-MRSA)
isolates over a 12-month period from routine diagnostic specimens. A real-time PCR for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin
(PVL) was also performed on these isolates. The CA-MRSA isolates were sourced from a large private laboratory in Brisbane,
Australia that serves a wide geographic region encompassing Queensland and Northern New South Wales. This study identified
16 different STs and 98% of the CA-MRSA isolates were positive for the PVL gene. The most common ST was ST93 with 41% of isolates
testing positive for this clone. 相似文献
74.
Characterization of the Mycobacterium bovis restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA probe pUCD and performance comparison with standard methods 下载免费PDF全文
O'Brien R Danilowicz BS Bailey L Flynn O Costello E O'Grady D Rogers M 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2000,38(9):3362-3369
In this study, the newly described Mycobacterium bovis restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing probe pUCD was characterized by sequence analysis and the previously observed polymorphic banding pattern was reproduced with a combination of three oligonucleotide probes in a single, mixed hybridization. In addition, the ability of pUCD to distinguish between 299 M. bovis isolates from the Republic of Ireland was assessed in relation to established methods and a statistical function for objective comparison of RFLP probes was derived. It was found that typing with pUCD alone produced greater discrimination between M. bovis isolates than typing with the commonly used mycobacterial DNA probes IS6110, PGRS, and DR and also by the spoligotyping technique. pUCD and DR in combination produced the highest level of discrimination while maintaining a high level of concordance with known epidemiological data relating to the samples. The reduction of pUCD to the level of oligonucleotides should in future allow pUCD and DR to be included together in a mixed hybridization, thus producing a high level of M. bovis strain type discrimination from a single round of RFLP analysis. 相似文献
75.
Children's healthy mental development has never been the focus of long-term, committed public health policy in the way that early physical health and development have been. We discuss four types of societal response to illness-cure, care, control, and prevention--and trace the history of public health in terms of its special responsibility to control and prevent disease. We identify four periods in the history of public health: the Sanitarian era (up to 1850), the Bacterial era (1850-1950), the Behavioral era (1950-present), and the Communitarian era (the next century). Looking at this history from the viewpoint of the developmental psychopathology of the first 2 decades of life, we trace progress in public health responses to children with mental illness, from a philosophy of control by isolation toward one of preventive intervention. We examine primary, or universal, prevention strategies that have been tried, and we suggest some that might be worth reconsidering. 相似文献
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Grobman WA Miller D Burke C Hornbogen A Tam K Costello R 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》2011,(6):513-517
The objective of this study was to assess outcomes that are associated with the implementation of a shoulder dystocia protocol that is focused on team response. We identified women who had a shoulder dystocia during 3 time periods: 6 months before (period A), 6 months during (period B), and 6 months after (period C) the institution of a shoulder dystocia protocol. Documentation and health outcomes were compared among the time periods. During the study period, 254 women (77, 100, and 77 in periods A, B, and C, respectively) had a shoulder dystocia. There were no differences among study periods in patient characteristics. However, complete and consistent documentation increased (14% to 50% to 92%; P < .001), and brachial plexus palsy that was diagnosed at delivery (10.1% to 4.0% to 2.6%; P = .03) and at neonatal discharge (7.6% to 3.0% to 1.3%; P = .04) declined. 相似文献
78.
UHRF1 regulation of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer contributes to oncogenesis 下载免费PDF全文
Wafa Abu‐Alainin Thompson Gana Triantafillos Liloglou Adedamola Olayanju Lawrence N Barrera Robert Ferguson Fiona Campbell Timothy Andrews Christopher Goldring Neil Kitteringham Brian K Park Taoufik Nedjadi Michael C Schmid Joseph R Slupsky William Greenhalf John P Neoptolemos Eithne Costello 《The Journal of pathology》2016,238(3):423-433
The cellular defence protein Nrf2 is a mediator of oncogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers. However, the control of Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer is not fully understood. We previously reported the absence of Keap1, a pivotal regulator of Nrf2, in ~70% of PDAC cases. Here we describe a novel mechanism whereby the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 suppresses Keap1 protein levels. UHRF1 expression was observed in 20% (5 of 25) of benign pancreatic ducts compared to 86% (114 of 132) of pancreatic tumours, and an inverse relationship between UHRF1 and Keap1 levels in PDAC tumours (n = 124) was apparent (p = 0.002). We also provide evidence that UHRF1‐mediated regulation of the Nrf2 pathway contributes to the aggressive behaviour of PDAC. Depletion of UHRF1 from PDAC cells decreased growth and enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. UHRF1 depletion also led to reduced levels of Nrf2‐regulated downstream proteins and was accompanied by heightened oxidative stress, in the form of lower glutathione levels and increased reactive oxygen species. Concomitant depletion of Keap1 and UHRF1 restored Nrf2 levels and reversed cell cycle arrest and the increase in reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, depletion of UHRF1 reduced global and tumour suppressor promoter methylation in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and KEAP1 gene promoter methylation was reduced in one of three cell lines examined. Thus, methylation of the KEAP1 gene promoter may contribute to the suppression of Keap1 protein levels by UHRF1, although our data suggest that additional mechanisms need to be explored. Finally, we demonstrate that K‐Ras drives UHRF1 expression, establishing a novel link between this oncogene and Nrf2‐mediated cellular protection. Since UHRF1 over‐expression occurs in other cancers, its ability to regulate the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway may be critically important to the malignant behaviour of these cancers. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 相似文献
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