Triprolidine radioimmunoassay: disposition in animals and humans

A hapten derivative of triprolidine, bearing an acrylic acid side chain ortho to the pyridine ring nitrogen atom, was synthesized and coupled to bovine serum albumin. Immunization of New Zealand White rabbits with the resulting drug-protein conjugate resulted in the production of antisera capable of binding a radioiodinated tyramine conjugate of the triprolidine hapten derivative at high antiserum dilutions (1:70,000-1:150,000). These antisera were used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for triprolidine in human plasma with a sensitivity limit of 0.1 ng/mL (0.01 ng of actual mass). The known hydroxymethyl and carboxyl metabolites of triprolidine cross-reacted weakly (less than 2 and less than 0.05%, respectively) with this antiserum. The RIA could be used for the direct analysis of triprolidine in human and rabbit plasma, but not for rat or dog plasma, presumably due to the presence of other interfering substances (possibly metabolites). The validity of the RIA procedure in human plasma was demonstrated by comparative analysis of a number of samples by quantitative TLC (r = 0.985, slope = 1.076). The assay was employed to describe the pharmacokinetics of triprolidine in the rabbit (t 1/2, beta = 1.7 h). The assay had adequate sensitivity to detect low circulating drug concentrations in humans after therapeutic oral doses and also substantiated previous disposition experiments with triprolidine in humans (t 1/2, beta = 2.27 h). TLC analysis demonstrated that the absolute oral bioavailability of triprolidine (1-mg/kg dose) in the dog was low (4%). A comparison of triprolidine pharmacokinetic parameters in dogs, rabbits, rats, and humans revealed considerable similarity in elimination characteristics in these species.     

Neonatal posterior fossa subdural hematoma

Hemorrhage into the posterior fossa is a rare neurosurgical emergency in neonates. CT scanning is diagnostic. Blood layering under the apex of the tentorium cerebelli, however, may resemble a dilated vascular structure, and the rigidity of the pressured tentorium may prevent upward transmission of increased intracranial pressure, resulting in a soft fontanelle.     

糖尿病社区干预对居民肥胖及相关因素的影响

目的　评价糖尿病社区干预对城市居民肥胖状况及相关因素的影响 ,为制定社区干预对策与措施提供科学依据。方法　按照实验流行病学方法 ,选取山东省 2个城市社区分别作为干预社区与对照社区。 1997年 ,收集基线资料 ,同时开始在干预社区实施糖尿病综合干预措施。 2 0 0 1年 ,再次以相同的方法收集 2个社区相关资料 ,通过2个社区基线与 4年后资料的比较 ,分析干预措施对社区健康人群体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR)、业余体力活动强度和膳食结构的影响。结果　干预前后 ,干预社区人群BMI均值与WHR均值无显著性差异 ,对照社区人群 4年后BMI均值与WHR均值均上升 (P <0 0 5)。干预社区人群在干预前后超重与肥胖率无显著性差异 ,但对照社区人群超重者增加了 12 1% ,肥胖者增加了 5 6% (P <0 0 1)。干预社区干预前后业余体力活动程度构成无显著性差异 ,而对照社区人群中度活动组比例从 47 6%下降为 14 2 % (P <0 0 1)。 4年后 ,干预社区喜荤食的比例下降了 4 8% (P<0 0 5) ,而对照社区相应比例上升了 1 6% (P <0 0 1)。结论　社区水平的糖尿病干预项目对城市居民肥胖及其相关因素 ,体力活动强度 ,膳食结构均有显著影响 ,提示社区居民对糖尿病和相关危险因素的干预有较好的依从性     

Mycobacterium malmoense infection in HIV positive patients.

Mycobacterium malmoense is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium which has previously been associated with underlying pulmonary pathology and depressed immunity. We describe two patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus from whom M. malmoense was isolated, and discuss its treatment and possible pathogenic role.     

比格犬体内涂层螺钉-骨组织界面的组织学观察

目的了解钛涂层、羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)涂层及钛+HA复合涂层螺钉置入体内后,螺钉-骨界面在术后早期的骨整合情况。方法选取成年比格犬16只平均分为普通螺钉组、HA涂层螺钉组、钛涂层螺钉组及钛+HA复合涂层螺钉组(每组4只,雌雄各2只)。螺钉置入比格犬颈椎椎体3个月,之后取出椎体,进行脱水、包埋处理,进行硬组织切片染色,观察涂层-骨界面的骨整合情况。结果 HA涂层螺钉和钛+HA复合涂层螺钉与周围骨组织结合紧密,骨组织的接触率明显高于普通螺钉和钛涂层螺钉,其中HA涂层螺钉与周围骨组织的接触率最高。结论HA涂层螺钉与周围骨组织的接触率最高,这可以作为生物力学测试中HA涂层螺钉具有较高生物力学稳定性的界面组织学基础。     

Human gingival lymphocytes. I. Methodology for the isolation of human gingival lymphocytes.

Various methodologies were examined for the isolation of inflammatory cells from diseased human gingiva. The best recovery of viable gingival lymphocytes (gMNC) was achieved by a method which combined initial collagenase digestion followed by gentle teasing with an 18-gauge needle.     

三维多孔β-磷酸三钙修复下颌骨节段性缺损的生物力学分析

目的：观察三维多孔β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）形成的组织工程骨对犬下颌骨极限节段性缺损的修复能力。方法：将经过诱导的犬骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）与3.0cm×2.0cm×1.0cm的多孔β-TCP支架复合后植入犬的下颌骨3.0cm长的全层节段性缺损处。术后6个月通过CT影像学评价β-TCP/BMSCs复合体对犬下颌节段性缺损的修复能力,并和单纯植入β-TCP材料的对照组对比,同时将缺损区组织工程骨的生物力学性能和正常的犬下颌骨对比。结果：CT影像显示实验组犬的下颌骨极限缺损区已修复,下颌骨呈连续性,且形态较对照组完美。多孔β-TCP/BMSCs构建的组织工程骨和犬正常下颌骨的抗折强度测定结果无显著性差异,而抗压强度有显著性差异,组织工程骨抗压强度小。结论：三维多孔β-TCP/BMSCs复合体构建的组织工程骨修复的犬下颌骨节段性缺损能够耐受正常生理功能需要,达到了形态和功能修复的目的,为临床下颌骨缺损修复提供了重要的实验依据。     

Adrenaline reveals the torsadogenic effect of combined blockade of potassium channels in anaesthetized guinea pigs

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Torsade de pointes (TdP) can be induced in several species by a reduction in cardiac repolarizing capacity. The aim of this study was to assess whether combined I(Kr) and I(Ks) blockade could induce TdP in anaesthetized guinea pigs and whether short-term variability (STV) or triangulation of action potentials could predict TdP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Experiments were performed in open-chest, pentobarbital-anaesthetized, adrenaline-stimulated male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs, which received three consecutive i.v. infusions of either vehicle, the I(Kr) blocker E-4031 (3, 10 and 30 nmol kg(-1) min(-1)), the I(Ks) blocker HMR1556 (75, 250, 750 nmol kg(-1) min(-1)) or E-4031 and HMR1556 combined. Phenylephrine-stimulated guinea pigs were also treated with the K(+) channel blockers in combination. Arterial blood pressure, ECGs and epicardial monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded. KEY RESULTS: TdP was observed in 75% of adrenaline-stimulated guinea pigs given the K(+) channel blockers in combination, but was not observed in guinea pigs treated with either I(K) blocker alone, or in phenylephrine-stimulated guinea pigs. Salvos and ventricular tachycardia occurred with adrenaline but not with phenylephrine. No changes in STV or triangulation of the MAP signals were observed before TdP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Combined blockade of both I(Kr) and I(Ks) plus the addition of adrenaline were required to induce TdP in anaesthetized guinea pigs. This suggests that there must be sufficient depletion of repolarization reserve and an appropriate trigger for TdP to occur.