Overview

The 2nd issue of The Alan Guttmacher Institute's 1993 "State Reproductive Health Monitor: Legislative Proposals and Actions" chronicles and summarizes reproductive health-related legislation introduced and acted on in the 50 US states from January 1 to May 31, 1993. Topics covered include abortion, family planning, sex and health education, teenage pregnancy, infertility, maternal and infant care, sexually transmitted diseases, and AIDS. Legislatures in every state but Kentucky convened sessions in 1993. By the end of May, 29 legislatures had adjourned. Abortion legislation included: the status of legal abortion, counseling and/or waiting periods, parental involvement, public funding for low income women, harassment of providers. Family planning, sex and health education, and teenage pregnancy legislation covered: family planning, Norplant implants, and teenage pregnancy prevention. Legislation on maternal and infant health care included prenatal care and medicaid, perinatal drug and alcohol abuse (with proposals to make available or expand treatment and rehabilitative services to mount public education campaigns on the effects of alcohol and drug use while pregnant, and to punish women for drug use during pregnancy), and maternity and family medical leave. Infertility legislation covered medical insurance, the legality and regulation of surrogate contracts, other kinds of assisted reproductive technology arrangements, and the licensing of fertility clinics. Under the subject of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, legislation included education and prevention strategies, setting guidelines and requirements for testing and reporting, criminal penalties, treatment services and insurance, health care providers and patients, discrimination, and the establishment of study commissions.     

槐角的避孕成分研究(Ⅱ)——化合物Ⅴ～Ⅷ的分离和鉴定

本文报道从槐角中分离到的化合物Ⅴ～Ⅷ的鉴定。经紫外、核磁共振光谱分析及物理化学常数的测定,证明化合物Ⅴ～Ⅷ分别为山萘酚-3-槐糖甙、染料木素-7-双葡萄糖甙、山萘酚-3-鼠李糖-双葡萄糖甙和染料木素-7-双葡萄糖-鼠李糖甙。这些甙水解后的甙元山萘酚和染料木素对小鼠具有抗生育活性。     

Overview

This paper reviews reproductive health-related legislation introduced and acted on in the 50 states of the US to August 31, 1992. California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin had not, however, closed session as of the end of August, and the legislatures of Arkansas, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, and Texas did not convene in 1992. Subjects addressed include abortion, family planning services, sex education, teenage pregnancy, adoption, infertility, maternal and infant care, and sexually transmitted diseases/AIDS. Specifically under abortion, the paper considers the status of legal abortion, parental consent, informed consent and waiting periods, and clinic licensing and harassment of providers. Subtopics on family planning, NORPLANT, welfare reform, sex education, and teen pregnancy prevention are then presented, followed by a review of current issues in adoption, infertility, and surrogacy contracts. Prenatal and infant care, perinatal drug and alcohol abuse, and family/medical leave are also covered. Closing section address HIV testing, consent, and notification; education and prevention strategies; treatment, insurance coverage, and discrimination.     

末治脾肾,能起沉疴--单纯中药治疗乙肝相关性肝癌1例

探讨中药审因论治对乙肝相关性肝癌的治疗作用。应用调补脾肾、搜邪泄浊法 ,对一例乙肝相关性肝癌患者进行单纯中药治疗。结果 :经过 12个月治疗 ,AFP由最高 10 0 0 0 μg/L降至正常 (<2 0 μg/L) ,AFP异质体同步转阴 ,B超、MRI显示肝部实质性肿块消散 ,肝功能好转。提示本治法对肝癌具有较好的治疗作用。     

ROLE OF ACULASER THERAPY IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDERN （INITIAL DATA ＆ RESULTS）

1　BACKGROUNDTheincidenceofCPis 0 .7per 1 0 0 0livebirths[1 ] .Becausecerebralpalsyinfluencesthewaychildrendevelop,itoftenresultsindevelop mentaldisability .Today ,more peoplehavecerebralpalsythananyotherdevelopmentaldis ability ,includingDownsyndrome,epilepsy ,andautism .Accordingtoasurveyconductedin1 986,2 .6%ofthepopulationofPakistaniaredisabled (includingbothphysicalandmentaldis abilities) .Childrenbetween 0～1 4 yearsinageconstitute 40 %ofthedisabled populationinPakistan .Routineme…     

白噪声暴露对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞感受器电位非线性特性的影响

为了探讨正常及在噪声暴露过程中耳蜗毛细胞感受器电位非线性特性的变化规律，采用玻璃微电极在体毛细胞胞内记录的实验方法，记录了７只豚鼠（７耳）正常状态和白噪声暴露后耳蜗外毛细胞（ＯＨＣ）胞内交流感受器电位输入－输出曲线（Ｉ－Ｏ曲线）。正常豚鼠耳蜗ＯＨＣ交流感受器电位幅度在刺激声强度较低时呈线性增长，声强达到５０～７０ｄＢＳＰＬ时幅度增长变慢，在８０～１００ｄＢＳＰＬ时，幅度不再随刺激强度的增加而继续增加，出现饱和现象。测试耳在用１００ｄＢＳＰＬ时白噪声暴露１０～２０分钟后，感受器电位幅度普遍下降，Ｉ－Ｏ曲线的线性段延长，非线性段缩短，但高强度感受器电位幅度增大，出现“幅度重振现象”，与临床上观察的响度重振现象具有相似的特点。从而推测ＯＨＣ感受器电位非线性特性减弱，发生幅度重振，可能是临床上主观响度重振现象的客观来源之一。     

A double-blind randomised controlled trial of the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone density of women taking oestrogen replacement therapy

Objective To assess the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone density in women who have had a hysterectomy
Design Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg, 20 mg or placebo as an adjunct to oestrogen therapy.
Participants One hundred and twenty-three women, aged 18 to 45 years and currently receiving daily oestrogen, who presented at a university-based rheumatology practice.
Interventions The women were randomly assigned to receive either medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg, 20 mg or placebo daily beginning on day 15 of each month for one year. Forty-one women were randomised into each group.
Main outcome measure The primary outcome measurement was the percentage of change from baseline in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2–L4). Secondary outcome measures included differences in femoral neck bone density, cholesterol and triglyceride levels between groups.
Results At one year, change in bone mineral density did not differ between either the treatment or placebo groups. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg and 10 mg led to statistically significant reductions in very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides when compared with placebo. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg also led to a statistically significant reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipo-protein-2 cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein-2 triglycerides.
Conclusions Medroxyprogesterone acetate at either dose as an adjunct to oestrogen did not improve bone mineral density at one year when compared with placebo. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg may not adversely affect lipids. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg, however, did reduce high density lipoprotein cholestrol and therefore may increase cardiovascular risk.     

Urogenital ageing and its effect on sexual health in older British women

Objective To provide information on the extent of problems of urogenital ageing in older British women.
Design A MORI survey of a representative population sample of older British women.
Setting Home interviews.
Participants Two thousand and forty-five women aged 55–85+.
Results Urogenital symptoms had affected 48.8% of the women at some time, but no more than 11% were currently affected by individual symptoms; however, these were often of long duration. The majority (73%) were not sexually active, with lack of a partner being a factor for many. There was also a decreasing prevalence of sexual activity with increasing age. Those sexually active in the 65–74 year old age group (   n = 148  ) tended to have a similar sexual frequency (at least once per month) compared with the younger women studied. Approximately 12% of those who reported dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness claimed a severe problem; 33% did not seek professional advice and 36% resorted to an over the counter remedy. Use of hormone replacement therapy was generally of relatively short duration. There was a declining gradient of ever-use with age.
Conclusions The extent of significant urogenital symptoms is relatively low, but some women are seriously affected and use self-help as well as professional assistance. The extent of sexual activity in older women and factors affecting this have been defined, and the effect of urogenital symptoms on sexual activity demonstrated.