Urogenital ageing and its effect on sexual health in older British women

Objective To provide information on the extent of problems of urogenital ageing in older British women.
Design A MORI survey of a representative population sample of older British women.
Setting Home interviews.
Participants Two thousand and forty-five women aged 55–85+.
Results Urogenital symptoms had affected 48.8% of the women at some time, but no more than 11% were currently affected by individual symptoms; however, these were often of long duration. The majority (73%) were not sexually active, with lack of a partner being a factor for many. There was also a decreasing prevalence of sexual activity with increasing age. Those sexually active in the 65–74 year old age group (   n = 148  ) tended to have a similar sexual frequency (at least once per month) compared with the younger women studied. Approximately 12% of those who reported dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness claimed a severe problem; 33% did not seek professional advice and 36% resorted to an over the counter remedy. Use of hormone replacement therapy was generally of relatively short duration. There was a declining gradient of ever-use with age.
Conclusions The extent of significant urogenital symptoms is relatively low, but some women are seriously affected and use self-help as well as professional assistance. The extent of sexual activity in older women and factors affecting this have been defined, and the effect of urogenital symptoms on sexual activity demonstrated.     

Significance of low birthweight for gestational age among very preterm infants

Objective To estimate the risk of specific adverse neonatal events resulting from the combined effects of prematurity and low birthweight in very preterm infants (delivered at 24–31 weeks of gestation)
Design A cohort study of specific adverse neonatal events in preterm infants born at between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation.
Setting Pavia, Italy.
Population Two hundred and thirty singleton infants with sonographically confirmed gestational age, delivered at 24 to 31 weeks of gestation.
Methods To evaluate the impact of a lower than expected birthweight on selected neonatal events independently of gestational age, we calculated birthweight standard deviation scores (differences between actual birthweight and fitted birthweight divided by fitted standard deviation) for each week of gestation.
Results After adjustment for gestational age and other confounders, there was a significant linear trend relating a decreasing birthweight SDS to an increased likelihood of neonatal death, intraventricular haemorrhage, severe respiratory distress syndrome, and acidosis. Compared with infants with SDS 0 ( 50th centile of birthweight), infants with birthweight SDS < −1 (< 16th centile) had increased odds for neonatal death [odds ratio (OR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–9.6], grade III-IV intraventricular haemorrhage (OR 17.5, 95% CI 4.04–75.9), and neonatal acidosis (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.41–7.4). The significance of birthweight SDS as a predictor of neonatal outcome, however, was lower than that of gestational age.
Conclusions A lower than expected birthweight affects the likelihood of several adverse neonatal events in very preterm infants. However, a decreasing birthweight SDS affects neonatal outcome less than decreasing gestation does.     

颞骨内微型面神经鞘瘤病理研究

目的探讨颞骨内微型面神经鞘瘤的原发部位和病理行为。方法用光镜对８１５人（１５２６侧）颞骨连续切片进行面神经颞骨内全程组织病理学观察。结果发现未诊断的无症状微型ＡｎｔｏｎｉＡ型面神经鞘瘤１５人（１７耳），占１．８４％。依其病理行为特征分为外生性（１３耳，起自面神经管裂处神经束膜，并向管外生长）和内生性（４耳，起自面神经主干）两种类型。肿瘤起自迷路段者２耳，水平段１２耳，第二膝段１耳，垂直段２耳。结论将颞骨内面神经鞘瘤分为内生性和外生性两种类型有重要的病理和临床意义，有助于手术目的的确定和手术方法的设计     

仙龙冲剂的抗肿瘤活性及其作用机理的研究

目的:研究仙龙方的体内、体外抑癌作用及机理。方法:用 BALB/C 小鼠,荷肝癌和艾氏癌实体瘤,经口给药,观察肿瘤的抑制程度和动物的生存状况。结果:给药组肿瘤生长曲线明显低于对照组。仙龙方还能延长荷瘤动物的生存期,生命延长率为30%～69%。体外实验显示仙龙方对人癌细胞的抑制有一个良好的剂量—效应关系,肝癌的曲线之回归系数 r=0.9983,IC_(50_值为14.8±2.8μg/ml;胃癌曲线的系数 r=0.9995,IC_(50)值为9.7±5.1μg/ml,表明胃癌细胞更敏感些。细胞学研究发现癌细胞的不同程度的损伤、核染色质的凝聚现象及内质网肿胀,流式光度术分析 DNA 组方图上出现了凋亡峰。结论:仙龙方有诱导癌细胞凋亡作用。     

Pre-operative serum level of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor and residual turnour size as prognostic indicators in Stage III epithelial ovarian cancer

Objective To evaluate the use of the pre-operative tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) level and residual tumour size at primary surgery as a prognostic indicators for patients with Stage III epithelial ovarian cancer.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Participants Ninety-eight women with Stage III ovarian cancer.
Methods TATI was measured by radioimmunoassay from serum samples obtained within one week before surgery. A cutoff value of 22 μg/L was used. Multivariate analysis included pre-operative TATI level, age, histologic grade and histologic type. Mantel-Cox test was used for calculating statistical significance of differences in survival between groups.
Main outcome measures Cumulative five-year survival, pre-operative serum TATI level and residual tumour size.
Results Surgery was optimal (residual tumour size ≤ 2 cm) in 55 patients and suboptimal (residual tumour size > 2 cm) in 43. Pre-operative TATI level ≤ 22 μg/L predicted better prognosis both in patients with optimal and suboptimal surgery compared with patients with pre-operative TATI level > 22 μ/L. Patients with optimal surgery and a pre-operative TATI > 22 μg/L had a twofold relative risk of death compared with those with a pre-operative TATI ≤ 22 μg/L. The cumulative survival was less than three years for patients with suboptimal surgery and pre-operative TATI > 22 μg/L.
Conclusions Pre-operative serum TATI in combination with residual tumour size may be useful in stratifying patients with Stage III ovarian cancer into different categories in randomised treatment trials.     

柴黄益肾方提取物的长期毒性实验研究

目的：观察柴黄益肾方提取物（CYE）对大鼠的长期毒性,为临床安全用药提供依据.方法：将大鼠随机分为4个组,3个剂量组分别按8.8g/kg、4.4g/kg、2.2g/kg连续灌胃给予CYE 6个月,对照组给予同体积生理盐水.停药后继续观察4周,测试大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器指数及病理组织学变化.结果：高剂量组大鼠体重增长缓慢,3个剂量组与红细胞相关指标与对照组比较小幅下降,尿素氮与对照组比较小幅上升,高中剂量组肝脏指数小幅上升,与对照组比较有显著性差异,以上改变均在正常生理范围之内.结论：CYE在临床推荐剂量下有一定的安全性.     

体外基因扩增技术检测上呼吸道炎症局部脱落细胞中肺炎衣原体DNA

为快捷诊断上呼吸道肺炎衣原体感染，用肺炎衣原体ＰｓｔＩ４７４片段特异性聚合酶链式反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）法检测了急性上呼吸道炎症患者局部拭子标本。同时以微量免疫荧光法检测了血清中肺炎衣原体特异性抗体。结果在１７５例患者拭子标本中，ＰＣＲ阳性４９例，阳性率２８％；荧光抗体阳性４５例，阳性率２５．７％。两者相符率９１．８％。表明肺炎衣原体ＰｓｔⅠ４７４片段特异性ＰＣＲ法检测鼻咽喉部肺炎衣原体感染是一个较敏感和特异的方法     

肾虚不孕中医药研究思路探析

目的 :分析肾虚型排卵障碍或着床失败引起的不孕的中医药研究的方法和思路。方法 :从卵泡生长发育相关因素如IGF - 1mRNA、EGFmRNA ,卵泡基质崩解相关因素如MMPsmRNA、PAmRNA、PAI- 1mRNA等相关因素 ,以及与着床粘附有关的内膜细胞整合素β3mRNA表达等角度 ,探讨中医药治疗不孕的可能分子机制 ,并且各因素之间存在互动关系。结果 :补肾或补肾化瘀方药可能通过促进卵泡发育成熟 ,并诱发成熟卵泡破裂 ,稳定子宫内膜有利于孕卵着床等角度防治不孕。结论 :中医药治疗排卵障碍或着床失败所致不孕具有传统优势 ,提取分离补肾或补肾化瘀方药有效成分 ,从分子水平探讨中药复方有效成分对各指标互动关系影响作用 ,不孕研究可能取得重要进展。