Gastric fluid volume in infants for pyloromyotomy

Purpose

To quantify gastric fluid volumes in infants with pylonc stenosis presenting for pyloromyotomy and to demonstrate endoscopically the efficacy of blind aspiration for gastric fluid recovery. We hypothesized that previous diagnostic contrast studies, preoperative nasogastric suction, and fasting interval would not affect these volumes.

Methods

Seventy-five infants scheduled for pyloromyotomy were given atropine before induction of anaesthesia. For those who had undergone preoperative nasogastric suction, the nasogastric tube was aspirated and removed. A 14 F multionficed orogastric catheter was blindly passed to aspirate gastric fluid for measurement. Following tracheal intubation. I 5/75 subjects underwent gastroscopy to measure residual gastric fluid.

Results

Gastric fluid volume removed by blind aspiration averaged 4.8 ± 4.3 ml·kg^?1 with 83% of patients having > 1.25 ml·kg^?1. Although 14 of the 15 patients evaluated by endoscope had ≤ 1 ml residual gastric fluid, one had 1.8 ml·kg^?1. Recovery of total gastric fluid volume by blind aspiration averaged 96 ± 7%. The large gastric fluid volumes were independent of a history of banum study, preoperative nasogastric suction, and fasting interval.

Conclusion

Infants with pylonc stenosis have large gastric fluid volumes which are not substantially reduced by preoperative nasogastric suction. Blind aspiration of gastric contents prior to induction of anaesthesia provides a reliable estimate of total gastric fluid for most of these infants, although the occasional infant may retain a small amount of gastric fluid. The clinical importance of such a residual volume is uncertain.     

Innate immunity of surfactant protein A and D in urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Objective To investigate the role of surfactant protein (SP) - A and SP - D in urinary tract infection mouse model, and evaluate the effects of SP-A and SP-D absence on urinary tract infection. Methods SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) mice were made. SP-A/D KO and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were used for this study. The expression of SP-A and SP-D in kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of p - p38 and p38 protein in kidneys were measured by Western blotting. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli or buffer was delivered into the bladder of female mice. At 24 and 48 h after inoculation, CFU of Escherichia coli in the kidney and urine of the treated and control mice were measured. Histological, cellular and molecular analysis were performed by several methods of H/E staining, IHC and Western blotting. The effects of SP-A and SP-D on bacterial growth were studied in vitro. Results SP-A and SP-D in kidney were located in the proximal tubules and collecting tubules. Compared with WT mice, infected SP - A/D KO mice with UPEC had higher CFU in kidneys and urine at 24 h and 48 h, increased inflammatory cells infiltration in kidneys（P＜0.05）. Compared with WT mice, SP - A/D KO mice had higher p38 MAPK phosphorylation levels in kidneys（P＜0.05）. Growth of Escherichia coli was greatly inhibited by both SP-A and SP-D（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Both SP-A and SP-D are expressed in kidney. SP-A and SP-D can attenuate UTI induced by UPEC which may be through inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation.     

Digital Image Capture and Rapid Prototyping of the Maxillofacial Defect

In order to restore an extraoral maxillofacial defect, a moulage impression is commonly made with traditional impression materials. This technique has some disadvantages, including distortion of the site due to the weight of the impression material, changes in tissue location with modifications of the patient position, and the length of time and discomfort for the patient due to the impression procedure and materials used. The use of the commercially available 3dMDface? System creates 3D images of soft tissues to form an anatomically accurate 3D surface image. Rapid prototyping converts the virtual designs from the 3dMDface? System into a physical model by converting the data to a ZPrint (ZPR) CAD format file and a stereolithography (STL) file. The data, in conjunction with a Zprinter^® 450 or a Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA), can be used to fabricate a model for prosthesis fabrication, without the disadvantages of the standard moulage technique. This article reviews this technique and how it can be applied to maxillofacial prosthetics.     

中国科学引文数据库及其在科技期刊评价工作中的应用

简要介绍了中国科学引文数据库的来源文献、引文数据的加工原则、检索和统计分析功能以及印刷版、光盘版产品,结合实例讨论了利用该库数据在科技期刊统计分析和评价工作中的应用,介绍了该库扩大来源期刊收录范围、研制出版《中国科技期刊引文报告》等的情况。