胸部X线与CT诊断支气管结核的临床价值

目的分析胸部X线及CT影像征象在支气管结核临床诊断中的价值和意义。方法收集本院经病理及电子支气管镜证实为支气管结核105例，对照其胸部X线与CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果105例患者中，胸部X线显示伴有肺内结核灶77例，气管狭窄、肺叶不张分别为51例和49例，未见异常表现17例。胸部CT扫描对气管狭窄及肺叶不张检出率明显提高，分别为72例和61例，且能观察到气管内壁情况及狭窄或阻塞后肺野情况，伴肺内结核灶79例，无异常改变只有8例。结论提高对支气管结核的影像学认识，能有效地提高临床诊断准确率。     

中西药联合胆肾推经仪治疗肝内胆管结石38例临床观察

目的 观察胆维他、25％硫酸镁、中药消炎利胆Ⅰ号联合胆肾推经仪治疗肝内胆管结石的临床疗效。方法 38例肝内胆管结石患者口服消炎利胆Ⅰ号溶石化石，胆维他利胆消炎保肝，25％硫酸镁解痉止痛扩张肝胆管。配合胆肾推经平板式电极刺激和手柄式电极推按，确定排石体位、结石部位，调节仪器频率和强度，疗程为10天和30天。结果 治疗后，经B超、胆囊造影、CT检查对比，排石总有效率91．61％。其中排净27例（占71．05％），显效8例（占20．56％），无效3例（占7．9％），与治疗前相比，差异有显著性（P〈0．1〉。结论 中西药联合胆肾推经仪治疗肝内胆管结石可明显提高排石率，改善胆道炎症，消除黄疸，是一种安全有效，经济方便的治疗方法。     

The use of microimplants in orthodontic anchorage.

PURPOSE: Various types of temporary implants have been introduced to serve as orthodontic anchorage. The hypothesis of this study is that microimplants of 1.2 mm diameter can be used as orthodontic anchors, and that their success is related to their length. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of anchor retention after orthodontic force application for moving teeth, and to determine the relationship of microimplant length to retention rate. METHODS: Fifty-nine microimplants (diameter: 1.2 mm) were placed in 29 patients as orthodontic anchorages. After 2 weeks of microimplant placement, a force of 100 to 200 g was loaded with an elastometric chain or NiTi coil spring. Risk factors were characterized as to why a microimplant may fail, and Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Nine microimplants were removed and the overall success rate was 84.7%. Exploring the causes for failure, we found significant differences between the length of microimplants and success rate; 6 mm was 72.2% and 8 mm was 90.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that microimplants are suited as an alternative orthodontic anchorage. We recommend that 8-mm microimplants are preferable to 6-mm.     

Steroid glaucoma: corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension in cats.

This study was undertaken to develop a feline model of corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. In the first experiment, eight cats were selected whose intraocular pressure (17 +/- 0.4 mmHg) was consistently below the mean baseline intraocular pressure of our colony (24 +/- 0.5) during the preceding 2 months. Unilateral twice or thrice daily topical application of 10 microliters 1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate caused a gradual intraocular pressure increase that became significant (P less than 0.05) within 2-3 weeks. There was no significant change in body weight, but several eyes developed cataracts. Similar results were obtained with treatment of normotensive cat eyes with dexamethasone, or with 1.0% prednisolone acetate (PredForte) twice a day. Topical application of PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester (0.1 or 0.25 microgram PG equivalent) to such steroid-treated eyes yielded significant intraocular pressure reduction and pupillary miosis, similar in magnitude to those exhibited by normal eyes. When dexamethasone treatment was reduced to once daily, after prolonged twice daily treatment, intraocular pressure decreased only slightly within 10 days. When dexamethasone treatment was stopped, intraocular pressure declined to normal levels within 6-7 days. These findings show that adult cat eyes develop steroid-induced ocular hypertension that is maintained and reversible. As opposed to previous findings on rabbits, steroid-induced feline ocular hypertension appears to be a good model for this clinical condition and may be suitable for the testing of potential glaucoma drugs.     

急性等容性血液稀释对血浆ET和CGRP水平的影响

目的　探讨急性等容性血液稀释 (ANH)对血浆内皮素 (ET)和降钙基因相关肽(CGRP)水平的影响。方法　选择非心脏手术ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 2 0例 ,麻醉前快速输入复方乳酸钠1 0～ 1 5ml/kg。麻醉后从桡动脉放血 1 0ml/kg ,同时经静脉输入等量的 4 %琥珀酰明胶。观察ANH麻醉前 (T0 )、血液稀释完成后 1 0min(T1 )、2 0min(T2 )、30min(T3 )的血液动力学、血浆ET和CGRP浓度的变化。结果　ANH前后MAP、HR、SpO2 和ECG均较稳定。ANH后 1 0min、2 0min血浆ET水平分别为 (1 4 4 4 7± 1 9 1 7) pg/ml和 (1 5 7 1 7± 1 2 4 5 ) pg/ml,但明显高于ANH前的 (1 2 7 6 8±2 0 92 ) pg/ml(P <0 0 5 )。ANH后 1 0min、2 0min血浆CGRP水平分别为 (5 4 72± 2 5 6 5 )pg/ml和(5 5 32± 1 7 94 )pg/ml,也明显高于ANH前的 (4 4 6 2± 1 6 90 ) pg/ml(P <0 0 5 )。而ET/CGRP比值无明显变化。结论　ANH近期血浆ET和CGRP水平均有一定的增加 ,但ET/CGRP比值的变化无统计学意义 ,同时心血管反应不明显 ,表明血浆ET和CGRP的动态平衡对ANH时的循环稳定起着重要的作用     

重组合异种骨临床疗效观察

重组合异种骨（ＲＨＢ）骨形成蛋白（ＢＭＤ）与去除抗原特性后的异种松质骨的复合物，是近年来医学研究的一个新成果。既具有ＢＭＰ的高度诱导成骨作用，又具有松质骨的支架作用，十分便于临床使用、填充骨缺损。作者等应用ＲＨＢ治疗１６例骨缺损及骨不连，证实它是一种高效的成骨诱导物质，诱导生骨作用肯定，无明显副作用，临床使用方便，较自体骨移植愈合时间快，避免了取自体髂骨的痛苦。作者等认为，本生物制品颇值得大力推广应用。     

丙烯酰胺对大鼠胚胎神经细胞分化的影响

用细胞微团培养法研究丙烯酰胺对大鼠胚胎神经细胞分化的影响。结果表明，当细胞培养物中丙烯酰胺浓度大于６０μｇ／ｍｌ时，可明显抑制细胞分化，表现为细胞集落数目减少，细胞表面突起和集落间神经纤维束减少，细胞形态改变。其半数分化抑制浓度（ＩＣｄ５０）为７５μｇ／ｍｌ，半数存活抑制浓度（ＩＣｖ５０）为９０μｇ／ｍｌ，两者较为接近。认为丙烯酰胺对细胞分化的抑制作用可能被其细胞毒作用所掩盖，其致畸作用不可忽视。     

阶跃切应力对内皮细胞释放前列环素的影响

采用流室定量研究阶跃切应力对内皮细胞释放前列环素（ｐＧＩ＿２）的影响。对流室中的内皮细胞连续１００分钟施加１、１０、２０ｄｙｎｅ／ｃｍ￣２的阶跃剪切应力，用放免法测流室的８个时间段流出液的６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦｉ＿（１ａ）。绘出切应力刺激内皮细胞释放ＰＧＩ＿２的曲线。结果表明：未施加切应力时，内皮细胞释放ＰＧＩ＿２的量在检测限以下，施加切应力后，ＰＧＩ＿２释放速率很快达极大值，且又在数分钟内减小．施加阶跃切应力越大，ＰＧＩ＿２释放速率曲线峰值越高，但衰减也越快，在８０～１００分钟时间内的前列环素释放速率平均值也越大。由此提示，在活体中血液流变学因素一血流切应力对血管内皮细胞释放前列环素有促进作用。     

Thiamin and vitamin B6 intakes and erythrocyte transketolase and aminotransferase activities in morbidly obese females before and after gastroplasty.

To assess the need for postoperative vitamin supplements, intakes and nutritional status of thiamin (B1) and vitamin B6 were studied in 18 female gastroplasty patients who received a placebo or different levels of supplemental vitamins. Postoperative erythrocyte transketolase basal (BA) and thiamin pyrophosphate-stimulated (SA) activities and activity coefficients (AC) correlated significantly with B1 intake. Despite a decrease in apotransketolase, low thiamin intakes were associated with increased AC values during the first 3 months. With return to low B1 intakes following repletion during month 4, the AC values remained normal with low total activities. Both alanine (EALT) and aspartate (EAST) aminotransferase apoenzyme levels declined and AC values increased significantly during the first 3 months. Although the EALT-indices were more sensitive to changes in B6 intake than the EAST-indices, the EASTBA and SA correlated most consistently with the intake. Postoperative dietary intakes of both vitamins were inadequate for maintenance of normal activities of these erythrocyte enzymes. Although B1 intake of greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/day was adequate for maintenance of normal thiamin status in most subjects of this study, supplementation with greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/day is prudent even though it may not prevent the early postoperative loss of apotransketolase. Vitamin B6 intake at the current recommended dietary allowance (1.6 mg) was not adequate to maintain coenzyme saturation of the erythrocyte aminotransferases. Marginal intake of other nutrients may have affected the utilization of both thiamin and vitamin B6.