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41.
SP Rallison 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2015,97(2):89-91
‘The secret is comprised in three words – work, finish, publish.’Michael FaradayThere are many reasons doctors want to publish their work. For most at an early stage in their career, this may be to add a line to their curriculum vitae and advance their careers but for academics, publishing is an expectation. Many will believe they have something important to say, and wish to provoke debate and discussion; others wish to share knowledge and experiences, which in medicine can lead to a satisfying change in clinical practice. All serve to register one’s idea and educate others. However, for some, the reason is as basic as money. As we celebrate the 350th anniversary of the first academic publication, perhaps we have come full circle when it comes to why people publish?Publishing is a flourishing business. There were approximately 28,100 active scholarly peer-reviewed journals in mid-2012, collectively publishing about 1.8–1.9 million articles per year. The number of articles published each year and the number of journals have both grown steadily for more than two centuries, by about 3% and 3.5% per year respectively.1
Journals have a responsibility to refine and define information and act as a scientific filter. Many of us will receive daily invitations in our email inbox from eclectic and new journals that are likely to take anything – is the filter now too porous? But this industry is like any other commercial activity and the supply still far outstrips the demand. Perhaps the internet revolution has merely fuelled our hunger to publish more?The launch of this exciting and innovative series about publishing coincides with the 350th celebration of the publication of the first academic journal. In the age of social media, the first question is ‘What are journals for?’, which Simon Rallison sets out to answer. Simon is Director of Publications at the Physiological Society, and was previously a journal publisher with Earthscan, Springer and Blackwell.Writing is hard work and, through this series, I hope the reader will get some useful insight into this service industry for academia.Jyoti ShahCommissioning EditorIn an age of the internet and social media, why are we still using (admittedly with refinements and improvements) a form of publication dating from 1665? What exactly is a journal in the 21st century and what role does it have to perform? Surprisingly, the academic journal has not evolved since it was invented 350 years ago.1 The first issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society was published in 1665, the brainchild of Henry Oldenburg and Robert Hooke. Since then, journals have digitised and now offer greater opportunity for research communication – but are authors taking advantage of what journals can offer? The academic and research community is generally very conservative about what it reads and how it views journals. There are, however, also frequent misunderstandings about the operation of journals. 相似文献
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IgG autoantibodies eluted from RBCs of antiglobulin positive normal blood donors contained at least two antibody populations, an IgG autoantibody (Ab 1), and an IgG population (Ab 2) that agglutinated RBCs coated with some Rh(D) alloantibodies. Eight of 24 autoantibody eluates tested agglutinated 3 of 10 anti-Rh(D) sensitized RBCs. The agglutinating activity was inhibited specifically by preincubation of the autoantibody eluate with the reactive anti-D. The reaction did not require the Fc domain of the anti-Rh(D), since autoantibody eluates agglutinated RBCs coated with F(ab')2 prepared from the reactive anti-D sera. These findings indicate that the RBCs of some antiglobulin- positive blood donors contain an immunoglobulin auto-antiidiotype (Ab 2) against the RBC autoantibody (Ab 1) which is demonstrable through its cross-reactivity with selected Rh(D) alloantibodies. Identification of auto-antiidiotypes in RBC autoimmunity lends support to the idiotype- antiidiotype network hypothesis of immune regulation and is consistent with the bizarre and complex serology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The absence of clinical hemolysis in antiglobulin-positive normal blood donors suggests that immunoglobulin idiotype-antiidiotype interactions may play a role in modulating the effects of RBC autoimmunity. 相似文献
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Fetal persistent middle cerebral artery reversed end diastolic flow is a rare and ominous finding. Previous cases have been associated with intracranial hemorrhage, growth restriction, anaemia, and hepatic anomaly. Intrauterine demise or early neonatal death is a common outcome. We report the case of persistent middle cerebral artery reversed end diastolic flow in a well-grown fetus at 32 weeks’ gestation resulting from acute, severe anaemia due to a large feto-maternal hemorrhage. An emergency cesarean section was performed and the neonate required advanced resuscitation and immediate blood transfusion. Postnatal magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a hemorrhagic parietal infarct and bilateral ischaemic changes in the basal ganglia. This provides further evidence that persistent middle cerebral artery reversed end diastolic flow in any fetus is an ominous finding warranting urgent diagnostic evaluation and/or delivery. 相似文献
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Stather DR MacEachern P Chee A Tremblay A 《Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases》2012,83(4):330-334
Background: Clopidogrel is an oral agent commonly used for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is associated with an increased risk of bleeding during some medical and surgical procedures. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a new bronchoscopic technique used to accurately biopsy intrathoracic structures during flexible bronchoscopy. It is currently unknown whether clopidogrel increases bleeding complications during EBUS-TBNA procedures. Objectives: To evaluate the safety of clopidogrel use in EBUS-TBNA by identifying consecutive cases of EBUS-TBNA procedures performed on patients taking clopidogrel. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected quality improvement database from 1,100 consecutive pulmonary procedures performed by an interventional pulmonologist (D.R.S.) at the University of Calgary from July 1st, 2007 to April 1st, 2011 was performed. Results: Twelve cases of EBUS-TBNA procedures performed on patients taking clopidogrel were identified. Mean age was 74 years (range 61-85). Seven patients (66.7%) were taking aspirin in addition to clopidogrel. There was no significant bleeding seen in any cases at the time of bronchoscopy and no additional complications were identified during follow-up (at least 4 weeks; median follow-up 3 months). Conclusions: This series of 12 cases suggests that EBUS-TBNA can be performed safely by experienced operators in patients taking clopidogrel. Nevertheless, until larger prospective studies confirm this hypothesis, proceeding to EBUS-TBNA without first withdrawing clopidogrel should only be performed in situations where the risk of short-term thrombosis is believed to outweigh the (theoretical) risk of bleeding. 相似文献
47.
Makhmalbaf A Chee W 《Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)》2012,33(4):302-306
A technique that may effectively create a greater volume of available hard and soft tissue in the vertical plane without surgical intervention is reported and explained. Limitations of the forced eruption are also discussed. Creating an esthetic implant-supported restoration is a challenge in patients who have alveolar resorption and/or attachment loss, especially when they present with a high smile line. Many methods to augment this loss of tissue have been proposed; most involve surgical procedures to add bone or bone substitutes to compensate for the loss of alveolar tissue. This case report presents an alternative to bone augmentation procedures with the use of orthodontic tooth movement in the esthetic zone of a 62-year-old woman. The tooth movement facilitated implant placement by increasing soft-tissue volume and facial bony contours. 相似文献
48.
Hepatitis C is a virus affecting millions worldwide and is a major health risk. With the potentially severe adverse event
profile of the current backbone of therapy, interferon, there is an impetus to discover interferon free treatment regimens.
With the development of new oral direct acting antivirals, interferon free regimens may be available in the next few years.
This article discusses some of the preliminary data from interferon free studies. 相似文献
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Melissa Ching Ching Teo MBBS FRCS MPH Grace Hwei Ching Tan MBBS MRCS Chee Kian Tham MBBS MRCP FRCP Cindy Lim Khee Chee Soo MBBS MD FRACS 《Annals of surgical oncology》2013,20(9):2968-2974