A randomised trial of nursing interventions supporting recovery of the postmastectomy patient

Aims and objectives. This ABC to recovery study evaluated the combined and separate components of preoperative education and the effectiveness of wearing the Papilla Gown. Background. Surgical removal of the breast may lead to activity limitation, self‐image issues, discomfort and later complication of lymphoedema. Design. This study used experimental and longitudinal design. Methods. One hundred and forty‐five women undergoing mastectomies for stages two and three breast cancer were randomised into four groups: education and Papilla Gown, education only, gown only and control. The outcomes of activity (A), body image (B), comfort (C), knowledge and lymphoedema were assessed at baseline and/or 1 week and 6 months using three measures. All 145 participants completed the study questionnaires at first two measures, and forty‐six of these participants completed the questionnaires at 6 months postoperatively. The setting for the study included two clinics and hospitals. To examine statistical significance at each time point after surgery, 2‐way anova s were performed on ABC, knowledge and tape measurement to see whether there were any statistically significant differences between the four groups. All reported p‐values are two sided. All statistical analyses were performed using sas 9.2 for Windows. Results. The mean age of the sample was 55 years. The study revealed that women who received the combined intervention demonstrated greater activity. Women who wore the gown only had a greater comfort level and decreased lymphoedema. Women that received preoperative education experienced increased knowledge. Conclusions. Outcomes suggest that the combined intervention (ABCs to recovery) can improve recovery following mastectomy. Relevance to clinical practice. The results will be used to further modify the intervention and to increase awareness of nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals of the specific needs of postmastectomy patients.     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤的多中心随机对照临床试验

目的:评价重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-a FGF)与重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-b FGF)治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤的临床疗效与安全性。方法:采用多中心、随机、平行对照临床试验方法,入选5个研究中心216例深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,两组患者均给予相应抗感染、营养补充治疗。观察组(108例)入院时首先根据创面大小给予rh-a FGF1瓶/5 cm2进行冲洗,然后每日3~4喷/cm2喷雾治疗,6~8次/d,对照组(108例)给予rh-b FGF治疗,给药方法同观察组。随访30 d后,评价两组患者创面愈合情况。结果:观察组完全愈合时间、溶痂时间、12 d完全愈合率、15 d完全愈合率等指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,观察组白细胞水平、渗出评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。两组总评分中度构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:rh-a FGF治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面临床疗效优于rh-b FGF,安全性相似。     

大花紫玉盘中新多氧取代环己烯类的结构鉴定

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘( Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得4种新的多氧取代环己烯及已知化合物zeylenol,应用波谱分析、X-射线衍射、园二色谱和 Mosher 酯制备等手段确定了全部新化合物的结构及其绝对构型,分别命名为大花紫玉盘醇A(1),B(2),E(3)和F(4)。     

TNF-α对大鼠Leydig细胞的作用及机制研究

目的观察TNF-α对睾丸细胞功能的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法通过Percoll不连续密度梯度分离获取大鼠Leydig细胞进行原代培养。HE染色进行细胞形态学观察。Leydig细胞培养48h后在培养液中分别加入不同浓度的大鼠TNF-α,使其终浓度达到0.1、1、10、100ng/ml,分别在培养的第1、2、3、4天取上清,通过放免法测定上清液中睾酮的含量,应用MTT法测定细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术与丫啶橙(AO)染色检测及观察Leydig细胞凋亡情况。结果原代细胞通过提纯后的细胞纯度可达70%~80%。HE染色后可见细胞胞质含量丰富,含有分泌颗粒,胞核圆。TNF-α在0.1~100ng/ml浓度范围内能呈剂量依赖的方式抑制Leydig细胞睾酮的基础分泌。0.1、1、10、100ng/mlTNF-α作用24h后,对Leydig细胞睾酮分泌量的抑制率分别为22.03%、34.98%、52.95%、74.83%。各组Leydig细胞睾酮的分泌量随时间延长呈减少的趋势,但除100ng/ml组外,其他各组各时间点比较差异无统计学意义。高浓度TNF-α(10、100ng/ml)组具有抑制Leydig细胞增殖和促进其凋亡作用,其增殖抑制率分别达到38.35%±4.17%、76.35%±8.65%,而凋亡率分别为13.23%±1.11%、26.43%±5.82%,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。AO染色见高浓度TNF-α(10、100ng/ml)组出现明显的细胞凋亡。结论TNF-α对Leydig细胞睾酮的基础分泌具有抑制作用,在较高浓度时该作用可能与其抑制Leydig细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡有相关。     

A review of the safety and clinical utility of contrast echocardiography

There are limitations to the sensitivity and specificity of conventional two-dimensional echocardiograms in making an accurate diagnosis in certain patient populations. This led to the development of specific contrast-enhancing agents with the following characteristics: small enough to cross the pulmonary capillary bed, remain stable throughout the length of the procedure, do not dissolve in blood, and rapidly cleared from the body with low toxicity. Unfortunately, the use of contrast echocardiography has not taken off as expected. The low take-up rate among clinicians can largely be attributed to the black box warning by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2007, after the coincidental occurrence of four patient deaths and about 190 severe cardiopulmonary reactions shortly after contrast agent administration. In this article, we address the clinical safety of contrast agents, share our institution’s experience in using it and elaborate on the clinical indications of contrast echocardiography.     

Effect of language switching on arithmetic: a bilingual FMRI study

The role of language in performing numerical computations has been a topic of special interest in cognition. The "Triple Code Model" proposes the existence of a language-dependent verbal code involved in retrieving arithmetic facts related to addition and multiplication, and a language-independent analog magnitude code subserving tasks such as number comparison and estimation. Neuroimaging studies have shown dissociation between dependence of arithmetic computations involving exact and approximate processing on language-related circuits. However, a direct manipulation of language using different arithmetic tasks is necessary to assess the role of language in forming arithmetic representations and in solving problems in different languages. In the present study, 20 English-Chinese bilinguals were trained in two unfamiliar arithmetic tasks in one language and scanned using fMRI on the same problems in both languages (English and Chinese). For the exact "base-7 addition" task, language switching effects were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and left inferior parietal lobule extending to the angular gyrus. In the approximate "percentage estimation" task, language switching effects were found predominantly in the bilateral posterior intraparietal sulcus and LIFG, slightly dorsal to the LIFG activation seen for the base-7 addition task. These results considerably strengthen the notion that exact processing relies on verbal and language-related networks, whereas approximate processing engages parietal circuits typically involved in magnitude-related processing.     

Neuropsychological correlates of error negativity and positivity in schizophrenia patients

The purpose of the present paper was to determine error-monitoring ability and its relationship with executive function in patients with schizophrenia. In order to evaluate error-monitoring ability, the error negativity (Ne) and error positivity (Pe) were measured using the Stroop task. The correct-related negativity (CRN) and positivity (Pc) were also measured. In addition, neuropsychological tests were administered in order to evaluate executive function. The patients with schizophrenia had significantly reduced Ne and augmented CRN amplitudes, but the Pe and Pc amplitudes of the patients were comparable to those of the controls. In addition, the Ne amplitude, measured at Fcz was positively correlated with the Trail Making Test (TMT), part B response time, and the categories achieved on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in patients with schizophrenia. No significant correlations were found between Ne amplitude and performance on the neuropsychological tests in the controls. And no associations were detected between CRN, Pe, Pc amplitudes and neuropsychological performance, in either the patients with schizophrenia or the controls. Reduced Ne amplitudes and augmented CRN amplitudes in patients with schizophrenia suggest the dysfunctional behavior-monitoring system in these patients. The functional significances of Ne and Pe are discussed.     

胰岛素对烫伤血清诱导骨骼肌成肌细胞凋亡的调控作用

目的 探讨胰岛素对烫伤大鼠血清诱导大鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞株L6凋亡的调控作用及机制.方法 体外培养L6细胞,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、烫伤血清组、胰岛素组和烫伤血清+胰岛素组.在上述4组细胞培养液中分别添加体积分数20％正常大鼠血清、体积分数20％烫伤大鼠血清、体积分数20％正常大鼠血清+100 nmol/L胰岛素、体积分数20％烫伤大鼠血清+100 nmol/L胰岛素,孵育48 h.行Hoechst 33258染色,于倒置荧光显微镜下观察细胞凋亡形态并计数凋亡细胞;行膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶双标记染色,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;蛋白质印迹法检测细胞磷酸化(p一)蛋白激酶B(Akt)、p-磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、Bax、Bcl-2、活化半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3( caspase-3)的蛋白表达量.对实验数据行组间或配对t检验.结果 (1)倒置荧光显微镜下可见,烫伤血清组凋亡细胞为每视野(59.6±3 9)个,显著多于对照组、胰岛素组、烫伤血清+胰岛素组[每视野(4 9±2.6)、(5 5±2 1)、(19.7±2 3)个,t值分别为28.53、29.86、21.53,P值均小于0.01].(2)流式细胞仪检测结果显示,烫伤血清组细胞凋亡率为(18.5±1.8)％,明显高于对照组、胰岛素组及烫伤血清+胰岛素组[(1.1±0 6)％、(1 5±0 3)％、(7.8±0.6)％,t值分别为22.41、22 83、13 92,P值均小于0 01].(3)蛋白质印迹检测显示,烫伤血清组Bax蛋白表达量(1.12±0.63)及活化caspase-3蛋白表达量(2.15±0.51)明显高于对照组(0.16±0 03、0.21±0.03,t值分别为3 80、10 69,P值均小于0 01),p-Akt蛋白表达量(0.20±0.03)明显低于对照组(0 42±0 07,t=-8.46,P＜0.01);Bcl-2及p-PI3K蛋白表达量(0.19±0 03、0.17±0.03)与对照组(0.26±0 09、0 28±0.07)接近(t值分别为-2.73、-1.14,P值均大于0 05).与烫伤血清组比较,烫伤血清+胰岛素组Bax蛋白表达量(0.40±0.14)和活化caspase-3蛋白表达量(0.83±0.18)明显降低(t=-3.23,P ＜0.05;t =6.66,P ＜0.01),Bcl-2、p-Akt及p-PI3K蛋白表达量均升高(0.39±0.10、0 78±0 03、0.47±0.12,t值分别为4.07、18.71、5 05,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 烫伤大鼠血清可显著促进骨骼肌成肌细胞凋亡,胰岛素能通过PI3K/Akt信号途径抑制细胞凋亡.     

Correlation between preoperative and postoperative knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty using cruciate retaining designs

The authors evaluated the relationships between preoperative and postoperative kinematics in 50 osteoarthritic knees scheduled for cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty with regards to posterior femoral roll back and external femoral rotation using a navigation system from 10° to 120° of knee flexion. Although posterior femoral roll back was maintained, external femoral rotation was significantly decreased compared to those of the preoperative knee after total knee arthroplasty. However, the amount of posterior roll back and external femoral rotation after total knee arthroplasty were found to be significantly positively related to those measured preoperatively (r = 0.62 and 0.57, respectively). These significant kinematic correlations may explain why preoperative range of knee motion influences range of motion after total knee arthroplasty.     

Spontaneous rupture of a sigmoid colon gastrointestinal stromal tumor manifesting as pneumoretroperitoneum with localized peritonitis: Report of a case

Colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for only 5%-10% of tumors arising in the digestive tract. Spontaneous rupture is a very rare manifestation of a GIST; however, we report what to our knowledge is the first documented case of pneumoretroperitoneum caused by the rupture of a GIST. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with acute abdominal pain and hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed luminal narrowing in the sigmoid colon, but no definite mucosal defect. Computed tomography (CT) showed an air-containing heterogeneous mass, 9.7 × 9.3 cm, in the pelvic cavity and a small amount of air in the retroperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured sigmoid colonic GIST with localized peritonitis. Pathologic examination confirmed that the tumor was composed mainly of round epithelioid cells. It was immunohistochemically positive for CD34 and negative for C-kit protein. This report describes how we successfully managed pneumoretroperitoneum with localized peritonitis caused by the spontaneous rupture of an epithelioid GIST originating from the sigmoid colon.