Cranial CT interpretation by senior emergency department staff

The aims of the present study were to determine the rate of misinterpretation of non‐contrast cranial CT scans by emergency specialists and trainees compared with specialist radiologists, and the proportion of misinterpretations that is consequential. A 12‐month prospective blinded cohort study was performed. One‐hundred and ninety of 1282 scans (14.8%) were misinterpreted, and 78 of these (41.1%) were of potential or actual consequence. We conclude that the performance of senior emergency department staff in non‐contrast cranial CT interpretation is no better than moderately good, and a large proportion of misinterpretations are of potential or actual clinical consequence.     

大面积烧伤后多器官功能障碍综合征的临床防治

目的　将临床与实验研究所得结果应用于临床治疗 ,分析其对降低严重烧伤患者多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)发病率的作用。　方法　总结自 1970年 1月至 1999年 10月共收治的严重烧伤 (烧伤面积均大于 30 %TBSA)患者 6 5 7例 ,以 1990年 1月 1日为界分为 2组。 2组的伤情有可比性。 1990年 1月至 1999年 10月之间的患者广泛地应用了新的治疗措施 ,主要为及时、快速、充分的液体复苏 ,应用山莨菪碱恢复肠道血供 ,氧自由基清除剂阻止氧自由基的损害 ,休克期广泛切痂、植皮 ,早期经口营养 ,主要器官功能支持等。　结果　 1990年 1月前 36 9例 ,MODS的发病率为 17 3% ,病死率为 87 5 % ;1990年 1月至 1999年 10月之间 2 88例的MODS发病率为 6 9% ,病死率为 40 0 % ,两组结果差异有显著意义。　结论　严重烧伤患者在治疗中减轻或消除MODS的病因或诱因的措施 ,可以显著地降低MODS的发病率。     

中国健康志愿者单剂口服甲磺酸加替沙星片的药代动力学研究

目的研究中国健康成年志愿者单剂口服甲磺酸加替沙星片的药代动力学。方法按GCP指导原则设计试验方案,选择9名健康受试者分别依次单剂口服200、400、600mg三个剂量的甲磺酸加替沙星片后,应用HPLC测定血药浓度,采用3P97软件进行数据处理,求出药代动力学参数。结果受试者分别给药后,药-时曲线符合二房室模型,主要药代动力学参数Cmax分别为(2.028±0.362)mg/L、(3.749±0.446)mg/L、(4.876±0.569)mg/L;t1/2β分别为(7.489±0.806)h、(7.063±0.890)h、(7.735±0.8701)h;AUC0-t分别为(12.24±1.51)mg·h/L、(26.02±3.38)mg·h/L、(39.22±6.57)mg·h/L;原型药主要经肾排泄,48h尿药累积排泄率分别为(61.90±7.70)%、(60.90±5.70)%和(58.74±13.49)%。结论9名健康受试者分别口服给药后,药-时曲线符合二房室模型,甲磺酸加替沙星在200～600mg剂量范围内药物体内过程呈线性动力学特征而无饱和性,主要排泄途径为肾脏。     

丹参促进豚鼠声创伤后听纤毛修复与再生的实验研究

本文将实验动物暴露于１２０ｄＢ［Ａ］噪声２ｈ，治疗组给予丹参注射液１５日，在声创伤后不同时间分别制取耳蜗的光镜和电镜标本。结果表明，丹参能促进豚鼠声创伤后耳蜗听纤毛修复与再生。     

ADULT MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA OF THE LIVER: A CASE REPORT

ＡＤＵＬＴＭＥＳＥＮＣＨＹＭＡＬＨＡＭＡＲＴＯＭＡＯＦＴＨＥＬＩＶＥＲ：ＡＣＡＳＥＲＥＰＯＲＴＷａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｈｕｉ王湘辉ＣｈａｉＦｕｌｕ柴福录ＤｏｎｇＬｉａｎｇ董亮ＬａｎｚｈｏｕＧｅｎｅｒａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌｏｆＰＬＡ，Ｌａｎｚｈｏｕ７３００５０...     

Early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiotherapy dose and time factors in tumor control

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiotherapy dose and length of treatment in the control of early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with a combination of external radiotherapy and brachytherapy, MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed the records of 133 patients with early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage I or II, AJC/UICC staging system) who received definitive radiotherapy in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1979 to 1991. The median follow-up time was 7.1 years with a minimum of 2 years. All patients were treated with megavoltage external radiotherapy to the nasopharynx area (63-72 Gy) followed by high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (5-16.5 Gy in one to three fractions, spaced 1-2 weeks apart). The median total dose and time of irradiation was 75 Gy (69.8-81.4 Gy) and 11.6 weeks (7.8-20 weeks) respectively. Survival analysis was used to examine the effect of several variables on prognosis. RESULTS: The 5-year rates were 86.4% for local control, 84.7% for disease free survival, 88.5% for actuarial survival and 84.2% for overall survival. The treatment group (combination of time and dose of irradiation) was the most important prognostic factor according to Cox's proportional hazard model. Patients receiving radiation at a total dose of < or = 75 Gy completed in < 12 weeks showed the best prognosis. CONCLUSION: Treatment time and total treatment dose are both important factors in treating early stage NPC. Decreasing the total radiation time to < 12 weeks and not exceeding a radiation dose of 75 Gy gave the best results.      

血府逐瘀口服液的膜分离澄清研究

“血府逐瘀口服液”是由桃仁、红花、川芎、赤芍、柴胡等11种中药材并添加蜂蜜配制而成。蜂蜜的加入对复方成份起了絮凝和结团作用，使产品出现沉淀。作者采用平均孔径为0．45μm、2μm和5μm的微滤膜以及截留分子量为10000和30000道尔顿的超滤膜进行了终端膜分离试验。结果表明膜分离可以使产品得到澄清，分离除去杂质后的口服液产品经高效液相色谱分析，发现其芍药甙浓度提高了2～6％。在试验条件下，求取了膜分离过程的膜通量与污染速度数据，并推断可能的单程膜分离处理量，为放大试验或生产装置选择设计参数提供了参考。本文系攀登计划支持性课题——“膜组件污染与再生过程的实时监测与分析”的应用研究。     

杜氏盐藻基因组文库的构建

目的　构建杜氏盐藻基因组文库,旨在进一步分离和研究杜氏盐藻基因的结构和功能。方法　采用改进的SDS裂解法提取杜氏盐藻基因组DNA ,通过限制性内切酶Sau3AI进行部分酶切,用T4DNA连接酶将目的片段与噬菌体EMBL3载体臂进行连接后转染大肠杆菌LE3 92。结果　体外包装构建了杜氏盐藻基因组文库,得到重组子数为2 .2×10 4,经测定文库滴度为2 .2×10 5pfu/mL。结论　构建了杜氏盐藻基因组文库,为进一步筛选盐藻重要基因及其序列分析奠定基础。     

兔感染性模型组织液中左氧氟沙星浓度HPLC测定

目的建立兔组织感染性模型组织液中左氧氟沙星药物浓度的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法以加替沙星为内标,室温下兔组织液样品15%高氯酸沉淀蛋白后,离心后取上清液进样测定。色谱柱为ZORBAXSB-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)。流动相为0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾∶乙腈∶三乙胺(82∶18∶0.3,V/V/V),pH4.5,流速1ml/min,荧光检测激发波长298nm,发射波长458nm。结果线性范围0.025～3.0μg/ml(r=0.9999)。低、中、高浓度的绝对回收率均大于76%,相对回收率在97%～104%,日内、日间RSD分别小于2%和4%。最低检测浓度为0.025μg/ml,最低检测限为2ng/ml,S/N>3。本方法准确可靠,操作简便,适用于体内生物样品测定。     

An evaluation of the role of 5-HT(2) receptor antagonism during subchronic antipsychotic drug administration in rats

A widely postulated mechanism of action for the atypical profile of many novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs) is their relatively high affinity for 5-HT(2) receptors. The present study investigated motor function and striatal dopamine (DA) efflux and metabolism in rats given 21 daily injections of drugs that differed in 5-HT(2) affinity. These drugs included: risperidone (high 5-HT(2A/2C)/high D(2)), clozapine (high 5-HT(2A/2C)/low D(2)), haloperidol (low 5-HT(2A/2C)/high D(2)), haloperidol+ritanserin (selective 5-HT(2A/2C)), or vehicle. Rats injected with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) or haloperidol+ritanserin (0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) showed extreme catalepsy on day 1, but significantly decreased catalepsy when tested again on days 7 and 21. Acute or subchronic risperidone (0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg), clozapine (20 mg/kg), or vehicle did not induce significant catalepsy. Microdialysis performed 24 h after the last injection demonstrated that rats treated with risperidone, clozapine, or vehicle showed similar increases in DA efflux and metabolism following an acute injection of a selective DA D(2/3) antagonist (raclopride, 0.5 mg/kg). DA efflux showed an attenuated response to raclopride in the haloperidol alone group; this effect was less apparent in the haloperidol+ritanserin group. However, both of these groups showed a similar tolerance effect to the raclopride-induced increase in DA metabolites. These results suggest that the profile seen after subchronic risperidone more closely resembles clozapine than haloperidol. While ritanserin reduced the tolerance-like effects of haloperidol on striatal DA efflux, the overall results demonstrate that potent 5-HT(2) blockade alone may not entirely account for the distinctive profile of novel APDs.