新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊患者及隔离留观者心理状况的影响因素研究

  目的  了解湖北省居民在新冠肺炎疫情期间的心理健康状况,为进行居民心理指导提供科学依据。  方法  于2020年2月10 — 12日采用滚雪球抽样方法在湖北省抽取1 157名居民进行心理健康问卷调查。  结果  湖北省1 157名居民中,有16.51 %的居民有焦虑症状,且不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况和职业居民焦虑状况不同（均P < 0.05）;有51.51 %和13.74 %的居民有中度和高度恐惧,且不同性别和年龄居民恐惧状况不同（均P < 0.05）;有20.22 %和73.38 %的居民对战胜疫情有中度和高度信心,且不同性别、年龄和文化程度居民战胜疫情的信心状况不同（均P < 0.05）;有35.87 %和25.24 %的居民中度和重度担忧因此次疫情而遭受歧视,且不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业和居住地居民担心受歧视状况不同（均P < 0.05）。  结论  湖北省居民的心理健康状况因此次新冠肺炎疫情受到不同程度的影响,且不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业和居住地也会影响其心理健康状况,因此对湖北省居民应给予早期的有针对性的心理干预措施。     

Complex fractures of the clivus: diagnosis with CT and clinical outcome in 11 patients

During a 20-month period, fractures of the clivus occurring after craniocerebral trauma were diagnosed with computed tomography (CT) in 11 patients. Five patients had longitudinally oriented fractures; these were fatal in four patients due to either vertebral-basilar artery occlusion, brain stem trauma, or both. Six other patients had transversely oriented fractures that extended through the carotid canal and petrous temporal bone. While less frequently contributing directly to mortality, transverse fractures were also associated with cerebrospinal fluid leaks (two patients) and a cavernous sinus-carotid fistula (one patient). They were not as frequently associated with Horner syndrome or cranial nerve deficits as suggested in the current literature. This retrospective evaluation reveals two distinct injury patterns that demonstrate a difference in related morbidity and mortality.     

Study on the correlation between the concentration of plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and coronary heart disease

ObjectiveThis study explores the correlation between plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and coronary heart disease (CHD) by comparing the level of plasma Lp-PLA2 in the plasma of patients with different types of CHD.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 56 patients diagnosed with CHD by the Department of Cardiology of the First People''s Hospital of Foshan and 34 healthy subjects from February 2013 to January 2014. We measured the concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 and determined the levels of total cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), lipoprotein a (Lp(a)), glucose (Glu), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in the healthy control group and each subgroup of CHD patients were compared and analyzed for correlations of plasma Lp-PLA2 between the patients in different CHD subgroups and several laboratory indicators.ResultsThe concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in each subgroup of CHD was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of Lp-PLA2 in the unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group were significantly higher than in the stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (P < 0.05), and the concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in the AMI group was significantly higher than in the UAP group (P < 0.05). The concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in the CHD group merely showed a positive correlation (r = 0.493, P < 0.05) with the hs-CRP group, but the levels of Tch, TG, Apo-A1, Apo-B, HDL-c, LDL-c, Lp(a) and Glu did not.ConclusionsThe concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in patients with CHD was higher than that in the control group. The concentration of plasma Lp-PLA2 in the subgroups of CHD patients varied greatly from each other. The inflammatory response of atherosclerosis might be resulted from the synergy of plasma Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP.     

Enhancement of chemotactic factor-stimulated neutrophil oxidative metabolism by leukotriene B4

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent primary stimulator of neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation, and degranulation and induces superoxide production at higher concentrations. In order to determine whether LTB4 modulates neutrophil responses to oxidative stimuli, human neutrophils (PMNs) were incubated with LTB4 prior to stimulation with f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP, 10(-7) mol/L), opsonized zymosan (OZ, 250 micrograms/mL), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 32 nmol/L). Superoxide (O2-) production by stimulated PMNs was assessed by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. LTB4 alone did not stimulate O2- production in concentrations below 10(-7) mol/L and had no effect on the O2- assay. In the concentration range of 10(-12) to 10(-8) mol/L, LTB4 did not alter O2- release induced by OZ or PMA. In contrast, LTB4-treated cells demonstrated enhanced O2- production following exposure to fMLP, and in the presence of 10 nmol/LLTB4, generated 180% +/- 41% of O-2 quantities produced by control cells (n = 23). Enhancement was LTB4 dose-dependent, was maximal in the range of 1 to 10 nmol/L LTB4, was not reversed by removal of the lipid from the medium prior to fMLP stimulation, and was not dependent on the presence of Ca++ or Mg++ in the suspending medium. Chemiluminescence of fMLP-stimulated neutrophils was increased to 323% of controls in neutrophils preincubated with 10 nmol/L LTB4. Unlike augmentation of oxidative responses to fMLP seen with other degranulating stimuli, enhancement by LTB4 was not correlated with an increase in 3H-fMLP receptor binding. These results indicate that, in addition to its primary effects on neutrophil function, LTB4 modulates PMN oxidative responses to the chemotactic peptide and, thus, may amplify the release of oxygen metabolites at inflammatory foci.     

Physical and functional interactions between Stat5 and the tyrosine- phosphorylated receptors for erythropoietin and interleukin-3

Erythropoietin (Epo) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) stimulate activation of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase and induce tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Stat5. In the present study, we have shown that Epo or IL- 3 stimulation induces binding of Stat5 to the tyrosine-phosphorylated Epo receptor (EpoR) or IL-3 receptor beta subunit (betaIL3), respectively, in IL-3-dependent 32D cells expressing the EpoR. The binding of Stat5 to these cytokine receptors was shown to be rapid and transient, occurring within 1 minute of stimulation of cells and significantly decreasing after 5 minutes of cell treatment. In vivo binding experiments in COS cells showed that binding of Stat5 to the EpoR was mediated through the Stat5 Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. In vitro binding studies further showed that Stat5, but not other Stats examined, bound specifically to tyrosine-phosphorylated recombinant EpoR fusion proteins. In these in vivo and in vitro binding studies, Stat5 bound, albeit to a lesser degree, to truncated EpoR mutants in which all the intracellular tyrosines except Y-343 were removed. Furthermore, EpoR-derived synthetic phosphotyrosine peptides corresponding to Y-343, Y-401, Y-431, and Y-479 inhibited the in vitro binding of Stat5. When expressed in 32D cells, a mutant EpoR in which all the intracellular tyrosines were removed by carboxy-terminal truncation showed a significantly impaired ability to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5, particularly at low concentrations of Epo, but exhibited an increased sensitivity to Epo for growth signaling as compared with the wild-type EpoR. These results indicate that Stat5 specifically and transiently binds to the EpoR through the interaction between the Stat5 SH2 domain and specific phosphorylated tyrosines, including Y-343, in the EpoR cytoplasmic domain. It was implied that betaIL3 may also have similar Stat5 docking sites. The Stat5 docking sites in the EpoR were shown to facilitate specific activation of Stat5, which, however, may not be required for the EpoR-mediated growth signaling.     

High-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide without bone marrow transplantation for resistant hematologic malignancy

Seventy-five patients with resistant acute leukemia or lymphoma received high-dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide to explore the activity of this combination in resistant hematologic malignancies, and to determine the maximum doses of these drugs that can be combined without bone marrow transplantation. Etoposide was administered over 29 to 69 hours by continuous infusion corresponding to total doses of 1.8 g/m2 to 4.8 g/m2. Cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/d, was administered on 3 or 4 consecutive days total 150 to 200 mg/kg ideal body weight). At all dose levels myelosuppression was severe but reversible. Mucosal toxicity was dose-limiting with the maximum tolerated dose level combining etoposide 4.2 g/m2 with cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg. Continuous etoposide infusion produced stable plasma levels that were lower than would be achieved after administration by short intravenous infusion, and this could explain our ability to escalate etoposide above the previously reported maximum tolerated dose. There were 28 complete (35%) and 12 partial (16%) responses. Median duration of complete response (CR) was 3.5 months (range 1.1 to 20+). Seventeen of 40 patients (42%) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) achieved CR, including 6 of 20 (30%) with high-dose cytosine arabinoside resistance. We conclude that bone marrow transplantation is not required after maximum tolerated doses of etoposide and cyclophosphamide. This regimen is active in resistant hematologic neoplasms, and the occurrence of CR in patients with high-dose cytosine arabinoside-resistant AML indicates a lack of complete cross-resistance between these regimens.     

Antioxidant properties of flavonoid derivatives and their hepatoprotective effects on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in mice

Excessive accumulation of free radicals in the body can cause liver damage, aging, cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Anastatin B, a skeletal flavonoid, was reported to have antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Anastatin B derivatives, compound 1 and 2, were synthesized by our group previously. In this study, their antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective mechanism were studied using chemical evaluation methods, a cellular model of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage, and a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury. Results from the chemical evaluation suggested that both compounds had good antioxidant power and radical scavenging ability in vitro. MTT assay showed that both compounds had cytoprotective activity in H₂O₂-treated PC12 cells. Moreover, their hepatoprotective activities evaluated using a mouse model of CCl₄-induced liver injury that compared with the model group, pretreatment with compound 1 and 2 significantly decreased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; reduced the liver tissue damage; and increased glutathione content. However, compound 2 was a more effective hepatoprotectant than compound 1 was. Finally, the amount of TNF-α and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were significantly downregulated in compound 1 and 2 pretreatment groups. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that both compounds have potential antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect in vitro and in vivo. Further chemo-biological study and investigation of the compounds'' enzymatic targets are ongoing.

Excessive accumulation of free radicals in the body can cause liver damage, aging, cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction.     

Improving microalgal growth by strengthening the flashing light effect simulated with computational fluid dynamics in a panel bioreactor with horizontal baffles

Biological CO₂ elimination by photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable way to mitigate CO₂ from flue gas and other sources. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate algal cell movement with an enhanced flashing light effect in a novel panel bioreactor with horizontal baffles. Calculation results showed that the light/dark (L/D) cycle period decreased by 17.5% from 17.1 s to 14.1 s and that the horizontal fluid velocity increased by 95% while horizontal baffles were used under a 0.02 vvm air aeration rate and a microalgal concentration of 0.85 g L⁻¹. The probability of the L/D cycle period within 5–10 s increased from 27.9% to 43.6%, indicating a 56% increase when horizontal baffles existed. It was proved by experiments that the mass-transfer coefficient increased by 31% and the mixing time decreased by 13% under a 0.06 vvm air aeration rate when horizontal baffles were used, and the algal biomass yield increased by ∼51% along with the decrease in the L/D cycle period when horizontal baffles were used.

Biological CO₂ elimination by photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable way to mitigate CO₂ from flue gas and other sources.     

Characteristics of negative DC discharge in a wire–cylinder configuration under coal pyrolysis gas components at high temperatures

This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of negative DC discharge under coal pyrolysis gas components (CO₂, H₂, N₂, CH₄, CO) and air. The characteristics of negative DC discharge were studied in a wire–cylinder configuration at an ambient temperature range of 20–600 °C by analyzing V–I characteristics, discharge photographs, and gas composition. With increasing temperature, corona onset voltage, spark breakdown voltage and operational voltage range for corona discharge decrease, but discharge current and electron current ratio increase. Discharge current of CO₂ is higher than that of air due to the difference of electronegativity. During CO₂ discharge, with the increase of output voltage, three types of discharge are successively observed, namely corona, glow and arc. However, during H₂ discharge, only glow discharge is observed. Temperatures significantly affect the capability of CO to attach electrons. The discharge characteristic of CO is similar to the electronegative gas media at 20 °C and the non-electronegative gas media when the temperature exceeds 350 °C. Chemical reactions and carbon generation are observed during the CH₄ and CO discharge process. The product of carbon filaments under the CH₄ gas medium leads to discharge current volatility and short circuit. These results assist in understanding the property of ESP at high temperatures.

This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of negative DC discharge under coal pyrolysis gas components (CO₂, H₂, N₂, CH₄, CO) and air.