Culture bovine prospermatogonia with 2i medium

Germplasm cryopreservation and expansion of gonocytes/prospermatogonia or spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are important; however, it's difficult in cattle. Since inhibitors of Mek1/2 and Gsk3β (2i) can enhance pluripotency maintenance, effects of 2i-based medium on the cultivation of bovine prospermatogonia from the cryopreserved tissues were examined. The testicular tissues of newborn bulls were well cryopreserved. High mRNA levels of prospermatogonium/SSC markers (PLZF, GFRα-1) and pluripotency markers (Oct4/Pouf5, Sox2, Nanog) were detected and the PLZF⁺/GFRα-1⁺ prospermatogonia were consistently identified immunohistochemically in the seminiferous cords. Using differential plating and Percoll-based centrifugation, 41.59% prospermatogonia were enriched and they proliferated robustly in 2i medium. The 2i medium boosted mRNA abundances of Pouf5, Sox2, Nanog, GFRα-1, PLZF, anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2, LIF receptor gene LIFR and enhanced PLZF protein expression, but suppressed mRNA expressions of spermatogonial differentiation marker c-kit and pro-apoptotic gene Bax, in the cultured prospermatogonia. It also alleviated H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of the enriched cells and decreased histone H3 lysine (K9) trimethylation (H3K9me3) and its methylase Suv39h1/2 mRNA level in the cultured seminiferous cords. Overall, 2i medium improves the cultivation of bovine prospermatogonia isolated from the cryopreserved testes, by inhibiting Suv39h1/2-mediated H3K9me3 through Mek1/2 and Gsk3β signalling, evidencing successful cryopreservation and expansion of bovine germplasm.     

Association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk and renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus increase atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk. However, the association between renal outcome of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and ASCVD risk is unclear.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 218 type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy-proven DKD, and without known cardiovascular diseases. Baseline characteristics were obtained and the 10-year ASCVD risk score was calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE). Renal outcome was defined as progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The association between ASCVD risk and renal function and outcome was analyzed with logistic regression and Cox analysis.ResultsAmong all patients, the median 10-year ASCVD risk score was 14.1%. The median of ASCVD risk score in CKD stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 10.9%, 12.3%, 16.5%, and 14.8%, respectively (p = 0.268). Compared with patients with lower ASCVD risk (＜14.1%), those with higher ASCVD risk had lower eGFR, higher systolic blood pressure, and more severe renal interstitial inflammation. High ASCVD risk (>14.1%) was an independent indicator of renal dysfunction in multivariable-adjusted logistic analysis (OR, 3.997; 95%CI, 1.385–11.530; p = 0.010), though failed to be an independent risk factor for ESRD in patients with DKD in univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.ConclusionsDKD patients even in CKD stage 1 had comparable ASCVD risk score to patients in CKD stage 2, 3, and 4. Higher ASCVD risk indicated severe renal insufficiency, while no prognostic value of ASVCD risk for renal outcome was observed, which implied macroangiopathy and microangiopathy in patients with DKD were related, but relatively independent.     

黑柳树皮化学成分及其抑制脂肪生成活性研究

目的 研究黑柳Salix nigra树皮的化学成分,并对部分化合物进行抑制脂肪生成活性研究。方法 采用多种色谱分离技术进行分离和纯化,并运用核磁共振波谱技术鉴定其结构。以秀丽隐杆线虫Caenorhabditis elegans为实验模型,利用油红O和苏丹黑B染色,研究从黑柳树皮中分离到的部分化合物对秀丽隐杆线虫脂肪生成的影响。结果 从黑柳树皮甲醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位中共分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为柳皮苷（1）、特里杨苷（2）、7-水杨酰-2''-苯甲酰水杨苷（3）、cochinchiside A（4）、2''-苯甲酰水杨苷（5）、胡萝卜苷（6）、rosin（7）、水杨苷（8）、chalcononaringenin-2''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（9）、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸（10）、苯甲酸（11）和水杨酸（12）。其中化合物1、2、5和9能够显著抑制秀丽隐杆线虫脂肪生成。结论 12个化合物均为首次从黑柳中分离得到。化合物5对秀丽隐杆线虫脂肪生成的抑制作用最强。     

超声诊断宫腔粘连临床应用进展

宫腔粘连(IUA)是妇科常见病,严重危害女性健康。超声可清晰显示子宫内膜、宫腔形态及血流变化,为IUA诊断和治疗提供直观影像学依据。本文对超声在IUA中的应用进展进行综述。     

Reply to Comments on “A Scientometric Analysis of Recent Literature on Arsenic Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation in Marine Ecosystems”

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - In this letter, we formally replied to the comments on our recently published paper “A scientometric analysis of recent literature on...     

Complete urethral injury in the penile fracture: a case report and literature review

Penile fracture is described as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea caused by blunt injury to the erect penis. It usually occurs as a single rupture of the tunica albuginea in one of two corpora cavernosa; a rupture with urethral injury is an extremely rare condition. Although its diagnosis is usually clinical, ultrasound plays an important role in confirming diagnosis and identifying the site of the injury. Here, we presented a case of penile fracture with complete urethral injury. A 43-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of trauma to the genital and dysuria following sexual intercourse. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with double penile fracture and complete urethral injury after the physical and B-ultrasound examinations. Emergency surgery to remove the hematoma and repair the urethra was performed. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged on the third day after operation. After two months’ follow-up, the patient urinated smoothly and achieved an adequate erection without other complications. In this case, consistent with previous studies, emergency surgery for penile fracture is necessary and can preserve the urethral function and sexual function. In addition, there are two lesions in tunica albuginea in this case, so careful search for the penile shaft during the surgery is important to avoid the missed injuries. This report provides evidence of an uncommon and underreported clinical case.     

健康生态学视角下我国中老年慢性病患者抑郁的影响因素分析

目的 基于健康生态学视角,探讨我国中老年慢性病患者抑郁的影响因素。 方法 数据来源于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查,纳入年龄在45岁及以上中老年慢性病患者为研究对象,基于健康生态学模型,运用χ2检验和logistic回归分析中老年慢性病患者抑郁的影响因素。结果 共纳入研究对象5250名,抑郁发生率为40.84%,从个人特征看,女性、有肢体残疾、患多种慢性病、BADL受损、IADL受损是抑郁的危险因素;从行为方式看,晚间睡眠时长较长是抑郁的保护因素;从人际网络看,学历较高、对自身与子女关系满意、有社会参与是抑郁的保护因素,居住在农村、独居是抑郁的危险因素;从工作和生活条件看,从事农业工作是抑郁的危险因素,过去一年有收入、住房有洗澡设施是抑郁的保护因素。 结论 我国中老年慢性病患者抑郁发生率较高。抑郁影响因素是多层次、多维度的。应重视中老年慢性病患者心理状况,从个体到环境因素加强对慢性病患者抑郁的干预。     

自制IPS-Empress2铸瓷快速包埋材料物理机械性能表征

为降低IPS-Empress2铸瓷修复成本,研制了国产化包埋材料,以取代昂贵的进口专用包埋材料.对自制包埋材料的物理机械性能进行表征,与进口材料进行比较和统计分析,并用扫描电镜观察两种材料表面形貌的异同点.结果显示:自制包埋材料的凝固时间为9 min,烧结前密度为1.813 g/cm3,烧结后密度为1.402 g/cm3,开口孔隙率38.1%,凝固2 h后抗压强度和烧结后抗压强度分别为5.42 MPa和8.37 MPa,且耐火度在1000 ℃以上,高于铸造温度(920℃).与进口材料相比,自制包埋材料凝固时间更短,烧结前密度、凝固2h后抗压强度和烧结后抗压强度更高;开口孔隙率、烧结后密度和耐火度无统计学差异.扫描电镜观察显示两种材料结构相似,但自制材料的晶体尺寸略小于进口材料.可见自制包埋材料的主要物理机械性能指标接近或优于进口专用包埋材料,具有良好的临床应用前景.