Reply to Comments on “A Scientometric Analysis of Recent Literature on Arsenic Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation in Marine Ecosystems”

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - In this letter, we formally replied to the comments on our recently published paper “A scientometric analysis of recent literature on...     

Complete urethral injury in the penile fracture: a case report and literature review

Penile fracture is described as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea caused by blunt injury to the erect penis. It usually occurs as a single rupture of the tunica albuginea in one of two corpora cavernosa; a rupture with urethral injury is an extremely rare condition. Although its diagnosis is usually clinical, ultrasound plays an important role in confirming diagnosis and identifying the site of the injury. Here, we presented a case of penile fracture with complete urethral injury. A 43-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of trauma to the genital and dysuria following sexual intercourse. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with double penile fracture and complete urethral injury after the physical and B-ultrasound examinations. Emergency surgery to remove the hematoma and repair the urethra was performed. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged on the third day after operation. After two months’ follow-up, the patient urinated smoothly and achieved an adequate erection without other complications. In this case, consistent with previous studies, emergency surgery for penile fracture is necessary and can preserve the urethral function and sexual function. In addition, there are two lesions in tunica albuginea in this case, so careful search for the penile shaft during the surgery is important to avoid the missed injuries. This report provides evidence of an uncommon and underreported clinical case.     

大鼠肝细胞线粒体周围内质网的三维重建

目的：研究肝细胞线粒体与内质网的空间结构关系。 方法：通过连续超薄切片重建线粒体与其周围内质网的三维模型,结果：连续超薄切片和三维模型显示：除极少量的线粒体与脂滴直接接触外,几乎每个线粒体都被内质网所包裹,大多数线粒体周围既有RER又有小囊泡状SER,少数线粒体则仅有小的SER。这些内质网与线粒体紧贴如同线粒体外壳,二者的间隙小于30nm,其间无任何其它细胞器。结论：肝细胞线粒体通常在内质网包绕下执行生理功能,二者形成的结构和功能紧系的整体。     

锌促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞的增殖及分化

目的　研究锌对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法　从大鼠颅骨分离出成骨细胞,于 Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ Ｍ 培养基中进行传代培养。实验设置４ 个组,分别为对照组和１０ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ、２５ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ及５０ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ ３ 个剂量组,采用３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 参入法确定成骨细胞在不同时点 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 的合成状况,应用流式细胞仪技术分析细胞周期、３ Ｈ脯氨酸参入法测定胶原蛋白的合成;采用酶动力学和放免方法分别测定碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素含量。结果　３ 个锌剂量组细胞３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 掺入量在各个时点均明显高于对照组;２５ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ 及５０ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 可以促进成骨细胞从 Ｇ０／ Ｇ１ 期向 Ｓ期转化。３ 个锌剂量组胶原蛋白、骨钙素的合成量、碱性磷酸酶活性均高于对照组。结论　锌能够促进体外培养大鼠成骨细胞的增殖及分化。     

锌激活体外培养大鼠成骨细胞肌醇磷脂信号转导系统

目的：　研究锌对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞肌醇磷脂信号转导系统的影响。方法：　从大鼠颅骨分离出成骨细胞,于 Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ Ｍ 培养基中进行传代培养。实验分为对照组、１０μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ、２５μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ 及５０μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 剂量组：分别测定了 Ｚｎ２ ＋ 对成骨细胞长期或短期作用后蛋白激酶 Ｃ（ Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ） 活性及三磷酸肌醇（ Ｉ Ｐ３） 含量的变化。根据被磷酸化多肽底物的量测定 Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ 活性,按照３ Ｈ ｍ ｙｏ 肌醇掺入及层析分离法测定 Ｉ Ｐ３ 含量。结果：　（１） 三个不同剂量的 Ｚｎ２ ＋ 作用于大鼠成骨细胞３ 天后, Ｉ Ｐ３ 含量及 Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ 活性均显著高于对照组;且随着 Ｚｎ２ ＋ 剂量的增加, Ｉ Ｐ３ 含量及 Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ 活性有相应增加的趋势;（２） 在短期实验中,２５μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 对成骨细胞的作用比较明显,仅作用１５ 分钟, Ｉ Ｐ３ 含量即明显提高,且在以后的各个作用时点均明显高于对照组,但时间效应曲线平坦;５０μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 组 Ｉ Ｐ３ 含量在各个时点略低于２５μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋组;１０μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 组略高于对照组。２５μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 、５０μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｚｎ２ ＋ 组 Ｐ Ｋ     

Interactions in sheep between tall fescue ergot alkaloids and hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride and Senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

The interaction between ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seed and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in tansy ragwort (TR; Senecio jacobaea) when simultaneously fed to sheep was investigated. Because of the hepatogenic effects of prolactin (PRL), it was hypothesized that low serum PRL induced by ergot alkaloids would increase the susceptibility of sheep to hepatotoxicity induced by PA. Sheep are normally resistant to PA-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four wether lambs weighing 34.1 +/- 2.3 kg were used after being randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments of 4 wethers each. The diets offered were a control basal diet containing endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue seed, control + carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), E+ tall fescue basal diet, E+2CCl4, E(-)+TR, or E+2TR. The diets were composed of 50% alfalfa meal, 34.5% rolled barley, 5% soybean meal, 4% cane molasses, 0.5% trace mineralized salt and 6% tall fescue (E- or E+) seed. In the 2 TR treatments 25% of the alfalfa was replaced by TR. Interaction between ergot alkaloids in E+ tall fescue and PA in TR was assessed by gamma glutamyl transferase (GGTP) activity and/or sulfobromophthalein (BSP) clearance rate, both of which measure liver function. Serum GGTP activity was measured on days 14 and 28; plasma BSP clearance was monitored on days 28 and 70 by collection of blood at 4, 8 and 16 min after i.v. BSP injection. Serum PRL assays were performed on days 14, 70 and 84. Serum GGTP activity was elevated by CCl4 drenching on days 14 and 28. On day 28 TR feeding reduced GGTP activity, but there was no difference between the 2 TR treatments. There was no difference in the mean BSP half-times (t1/2) and % BSP retentions on day 28 among any of the 6 treatments. On day 70, there was no difference in the t1/2 or % BSP retention 4 min after BSP injection among any of the treatments. At 8 min after BSP injection, however, % BSP retention was significantly higher for the control +CCl4 than for the E+2CCl4 treatment. At 16 min after BSP injection, the E+ treatment had a higher mean % BSP retention value than the E+2CCl4 treatment; there were no differences among the other treatments. Serum PRL levels were reduced by E+ or CCl4 on all 3 dates of PRL evaluation. The lack of interaction between ergot alkaloids in E+ tall fescue seed and PA in TR as assessed by GGTP activity and/or BSP clearance in sheep may imply that the target sites o the 2 alkaloids are metabolically different. The low serum PRL with E+ did not increase susceptibility of sheep to CCl4 or PA.     

葛根提取物对未成熟大鼠乳腺、子宫发育影响的研究

目的 :研究葛根提取物对大鼠乳腺、子宫发育的影响。方法 :正常Wistar雌性大鼠 4 0只 ,体重为 6 5～85g ,随机分为正常组、雌二醇组、葛根提取物低剂量组、葛根提取物高剂量组 ,每组 10只。各组给药 7d后 ,测血清中激素 ,剥离乳腺与子宫称重。结果 :①葛根提取物能显著提高未成熟大鼠乳腺和子宫重量 ;②葛根提取物能增加大鼠血清促卵泡生成素 (FSH)、促黄体生成素 (LH)、雌二醇 (E₂ )含量 ,降低泌乳素 (PRL)含量。结论 :葛根提取物能促进未成熟大鼠乳腺及子宫发育 ,为进一步开发促进青年女性乳腺及子宫发育的新药提供实验依据 ,同时为治疗先天性子宫发育不良患者提供基础资料。     

咪喹莫特脂质体与乳膏体外经皮扩散行为的比较

采用中和法制备咪喹莫特脂质体，研究了其体外经皮扩散行为并与咪喹莫特乳膏进行比较。制得的脂质体平均粒径为855nm，跨距为1．65，能经皮缓慢扩散，皮层的局部贮药量比之乳膏有增加，可减少药物全身吸收。     

尼莫地平对人结肠癌细胞系HCT增殖的影响及机制探讨

目的：研究钙拮抗剂尼莫地平对人结肠癌细胞系HCT生长的影响及探讨其相应的机制。方法：MTT法检测不同剂量尼莫地平对HCT细胞生长的影响。探讨经尼莫地平作用的HCT细胞是否发生凋亡；用流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞亚二倍体峰；DNA凝胶电泳检测HCT细胞DNA的梯度条带；瑞士－姬姆萨染色观察HCT细胞的形态学变化，激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测在尼莫地平作用下HCT细胞内钙离子的浓度及分布状态的变化。结果：MTT法示尼莫地平可抑制人结肠癌细胞系HCT的生长。流式细胞术检测显示，尼莫地平作用后，HCT细胞亚二倍体峰面积增大，且凋亡细胞数呈剂量依赖性，高剂量尼莫地平组可见典型的DNA的梯度条带；细胞形态呈现细胞的胞膜泡化，胞质浓缩，染色质断裂等变化。Fluo-3荧光标记显示尼莫地平作用于HCT细胞后，细胞内Ca^2 浓度[Ca^2 ]i升高，PI荧光标记的细胞核型发生变化。结论：尼莫地平作为钙拮抗剂对结肠癌HCT细胞系的生长有抑制作用；其机制可能是通过细胞凋亡作用的。