Sequential drain amylase to guide drain removal following pancreatectomy

Background

Although used as criterion for early drain removal, postoperative day (POD) 1 drain fluid amylase (DFA) ≤ 5000 U/L has low negative predictive value for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). It was hypothesized that POD3 DFA ≤ 350 could provide further information to guide early drain removal.

Renoprotective effects of vasopeptidase inhibition in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy

Aims Although ACE inhibitors slow progression of diabetic renal disease, the mortality and morbidity is still high. As other hormonal factors are involved, inhibition of vasopeptidases could further reduce progression. We studied dual inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase in a model of progressive diabetic renal injury. The major endpoints were reductions in systemic blood pressure, albuminuria and renal structural injury.Methods Diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with the ACE inhibitor perindopril (mg·kg^–1·day^–1) or the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat at doses of 10 (oma10) and 40 (oma40) mg·kg^–1·day^–1 for 32 weeks. In vivo ACE and NEP inhibition was quantitated by in vitro autoradiography. Renal structural injury was assessed by measurement of the glomerulosclerotic (GS) index and tubulointerstitial area (TI). The expression of transforming growth factor , -inducible gene-h3 and nephrin were also quantitated.Results Despite a similar reduction in blood pressure by perindopril and oma10, greater attenuation of albuminuria was afforded by oma10, with a complete amelioration observed with oma40. Oma40 lead to a 33% reduction in renal NEP binding and this was associated with less albuminuria and prevention of GS, TI area and overexpression of TGF and ig-h3. Diabetes-associated reduction in nephrin expression was restored by both drugs.Conclusion/Interpretation These findings suggest that other vasoactive mechanisms in addition to angiotensin II are important in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy, and that vasopeptidase inhibition might confer an advantage over blockade of the RAS alone in the treatment of diabetic renal disease.Abbreviations ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - AII angiotensin II - ig-h3 -inducible gene-h3 - GSI glomerulosclerotic index - NEP neutral endopeptidase - Oma omapatrilat - Per perindopril - PRA plasma renin activity - RAS renin-angiotensin system - SBP systolic blood pressure - TIA tubulointerstitial area - VPI vasopeptidase inhibitor     

Chronic salt loading upregulates expression of adrenomedullin and its receptors in adrenal glands and kidneys of the rat

The vasodilator peptide adrenomedullin (AM) elicits diuresis and natriuresis and inhibits aldosterone secretion. The aim of this study was to better understand the role of AM in maintaining water and electrolyte balance during chronic salt loading. Male Wistar rats were divided into a high salt (HS) group that received a diet containing 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) and a normal salt group that received a diet containing 0.4% NaCl. Plasma AM concentrations as well as expression of AM mRNA in the adrenal gland and kidney were then measured after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. After 28 days, sodium and water excretion were significantly higher in HS rats than in control, although blood pressure and fluid volume were not significantly affected. Moreover, although plasma AM remained unchanged for up to 14 days, it was increased 2.5-fold in HS rats after 28 days on a high salt diet, and there were corresponding 3-fold and 1.5-fold increases in the levels of AM mRNA in the adrenal gland and kidney, respectively. At the same time, expression of calcitonin receptor-like receptor mRNA was significantly upregulated in both kidney and adrenal gland, as was expression of receptor activity-modify protein 1 (RAMP1) and RAMP2 mRNA in the adrenals and expression of RAMP3 in kidneys. Taken together, these results suggest that AM plays a role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in animals chronically ingesting high levels of salt.     

Four categories of gamma-globin gene triplications: DNA sequence comparison of low G gamma and high G gamma triplications

The human fetal gamma chains are produced by closely linked G gamma and A gamma genes, and unequal crossing over between them leads to gamma gene deletions and triplications. Nine gamma gene triplications from seven ethnic groups were analyzed for G gamma and hemoglobin F (Hb F) values of heterozygotes and for the presence of polymorphic XmnI restriction sites 5' to the gamma genes. Four categories of triplication were found: I had low G gamma and low Hb F values and lacked XmnI sites 5' to the three gamma genes [---]. II had high G gamma and slightly elevated Hb F values but was also [---]. III was similar to II, except that XmnI was [+--]. IV had very high G gamma and slightly elevated Hb F values, and XmnI was [++-]. One case each of triplications I and IV were cloned into Charon 35. For both, the two 5' gamma gene code for G gamma chain, while the 3' gamma gene codes for A gamma chain. DNA sequencing showed that the unequal crossover occurred between 472 and 398 base pairs (bp) 5' to the gamma gene Cap sites (- 472 and -398) for the type IV triplication and between -271 and codon 136 for the type I triplication. In addition, type I had a 4-bp deletion of AGCA from -225 to -222. The high G gamma values of the type IV triplication are explained by its -G gamma-G gamma-A gamma-gene arrangement and the XmnI sites 5' to the G gamma genes. We hypothesize that the low G gamma value of the type I triplication, which is also -G gamma-G gamma-A gamma-, is due to inactivation of the middle G gamma gene by the AGCA deletion at -225 to -222.     

吸入一氧化氮可降低犬急性缺氧性肺动脉高压

观察了一氧化氮吸入对犬急性缺氧性肺动脉高压的影响。结果发现，吸入０．００４４％（即４４ｐｐｍ）一氧化氮可明显降低犬急性缺氧时的肺动脉平均压及肺血管阻力，而对体循环血压及全身血管阻力无影响，提示一氧化氮吸入可用于治疗急性肺动脉高压。     

慢性心力衰竭患者脑钠肽水平与左心室质量指数相关性研究

目的:本文旨在研究脑钠肽(BNP)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的诊断价值和CHF患者血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数的相关性.方法:选择65例CHF患者(CHF组,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)及48例健康体检者(正常对照组).采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组血浆BNP水平;超声心动图测定左心室质量指数.并将CHF患者的血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数作相关性分析.结果:CHF组的血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数显著高于正常对照组(P均＜0.001);血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数呈显著正相关(r=0.387,P＜0.01),取正常对照组BNP浓度的x 1.96s为正常上限值,BNP诊断CHF的敏感性为92%,特异性为93%.在CHF组,血浆BNP浓度在不同心功能分级之间也有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:血浆BNP水平对于诊断CHF具有较高的敏感性和特异性,并且与左心室重量指数密切相关.     

58例慢性肾功能衰竭合并皮肤瘙痒患者分析

目的调查分析慢性肾功能衰竭患者皮肤瘙痒的部位、程度、治疗情况及皮肤瘙痒对其生活质量的影响程度。方法对某院血液净化中心58例慢性肾功能衰竭患者的皮肤瘙痒部位及治疗情况进行调查,以视觉模拟评分法评估瘙痒程度,并对其进行皮肤病生活质量(DLQI)评分。结果 58例慢性肾功能衰竭患者中轻度、中度、重度瘙痒分别为21例(34.2%)、23例(39.7%)、14例(24.1%);合并皮肤感染5例。患者DLQI评分平均7.72±1.61,皮肤瘙痒对生活质量影响最显著的是症状与感受(50%),其次为工作和学习(40.67%)。58例患者中有38例患者接受血液灌流和(或)血液透析滤过治疗后症状缓解。18例患者接受皮肤科专科治疗,其中12例给予单纯局部对症治疗,瘙痒缓解不明显;6例给予口服及外用药物治疗,治疗效果较单用外用药物为好。结论规律血液灌流和(或)血液透析滤过治疗能有效地缓解慢性肾功能衰竭患者皮肤瘙痒,提高患者生活质量。     

癌症患者心理灵活性与焦虑抑郁情绪状态分析

目的 研究癌症患者心理灵活性及其焦虑、抑郁状态.方法 方便选取癌症患者168人,施测接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-Ⅱ)、认知融合问卷(CFQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生命意义量表(MLQ),回收有效问卷144份,对数据进行单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析及逐步多元回归分析.结果 癌症患者焦虑得分显著高于常模(t=236.58,P＜0.01);抑郁得分显著高于常模(t=11.76,P＜0.01);MLQ与AAQ-Ⅱ、CFQ、SAS、SDS显著负相关(r=-0.188～-0.468,均P＜0.05),AAQ-Ⅱ、CFQ、SAS、SDS间显著正相关(r=0.322～0.790,均P＜0.01);不同癌症类型间SDS、SAS、AAQ-Ⅱ、CFQ、MLQ的得分差异无统计学意义;以AAQ-Ⅱ、CFQ、MLQ为自变量分别对SAS、SDS进行逐步多元回归分析,AAQ-Ⅱ、MLQ-P共可解释焦虑39％的变异量,AAQ-Ⅱ和MLQ-P共可解释抑郁29％的变异量.结论 癌症患者的焦虑抑郁程度明显高于正常人群,心理灵活性与焦虑抑郁程度呈显著负相关,且心理灵活性对焦虑抑郁有显著的解释力.     

内镜下精准食管胃静脉曲张断流术的前瞻性研究（附180例报告）

目的前瞻性研究内镜下精准食管胃静脉曲张断流术的临床疗效及安全性。方法 180例肝硬化伴食管胃静脉曲张行内镜下治疗者纳入前瞻性分析,行内镜下精准食管胃静脉曲张断流术。采用改良的"三明治夹心法",聚桂醇-组织胶-生理盐水,行血管来源支精准断流治疗,观察治疗的显效率、有效率、改善率以及再出血率和并发症发生情况。结果术后1个月,静脉曲张显效率67.8%(122/180),有效率30.0%(54/180),无效率2.2%(4/180),改善率97.8%(176/180)。术后2周内,再出血率3.3%(6/180)。术后3个月内,再出血率7.2%(13/180)。所有患者均无严重并发症发生,总体并发症发生率37.8%(68/180)。结论内镜下精准食管胃静脉曲张断流术疗效及安全性较好,值得推广。