HDV (delta factor) infection complicated with subacute fulminant hepatitis B. A morphological and immunohistochemical observation.

In 75 patients with subacute fulminant hepatitis B (SAFH), HDAg positive liver cells were observed in 14 cases (18.67%) by direct enzyme labelled method. It was found further that HDV (delta factor) infection was an important cause in producing massive necrosis of liver cells and superinfection of HDV with hepatitis B was identified as one of the causes of SAFH. This experiment also showed that the number of HDAg positive cells was in direct proportion to the area of liver necrosis. No obvious lymphocytic infiltrations and cytotoxic phenomena around the necrotic foci and HDAg positive cells could be found, while the cytoplasmic type HDAg positive cells showed distinct degeneration or even atrophy. Hence it was suggested that HDV could be a direct pathogenesis. No obvious characteristic changes in morphology of HDV infection could be found.

     

电针改善硬膜外吗啡用于术后镇痛所引起的免疫抑制

为观察硬膜外吗啡和电针对术后患者免疫功能的影响，检测自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫｃｅｌｌ）活性和ＰＨＡ诱导白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）水平在单纯胆囊切除术患者术前和术后第１、３、７天的动态变化情况。结果吗啡组ＮＫ活性在术后第１、３、７天抑制，手术组仅在术后第１、３天出现抑制，而抑制率低于同天的吗啡组，电针可拮抗吗啡引起的ＮＫ活性抑制加深状况。在术后第１天，手术组和吗啡组ＩＬ－２水平均下降，吗啡＋电针组无明显变化，术后第７天吗啡＋电针组ＩＬ－２升高接近正常人水平。表明电针能改善硬膜外吗啡引起的免疫抑制，促进术后机体的恢复。硬膜外吗啡结合电针是值得推荐的术后镇痛方法。     

Normal delta-globin gene sequences in Sardinian nondeletional delta beta-thalassemia.

In order to clarify the reasons for the reduced Hb A2 levels in Sardinian delta beta-thalassemia, we characterized, both by cloning and sequence analysis and by direct sequencing of amplified DNA, the delta-globin gene from an individual of Sardinian descent who is a compound heterozygote for the beta zero-thalassemia codon 39 (C-->T) nonsense mutation and the Sardinian delta beta-thalassemia [codon 39(C-->T)/-196(C-->T)A gamma]. The analysis of the delta-globin gene from the delta beta-thalassemia chromosome revealed an entirely normal sequence. The defective function of the delta-globin gene in this determinant is thus likely related to a suppressive effect of the in cis nondeletional high persistence of fetal hemoglobin mutation of the A gamma gene, probably resulting from an increased capability of the relative promoter to interact with the locus control region.     

聚合酶链反应（PCR）对单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的临床诊断价值

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测技术对１１８例颅内感染性疾病患者及３７例无神神经系统疾病患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中的单纯疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ（ＨＳＶ－ＤＮＡ）进行了检测及分型。结果提示：“散发性脑炎”组的阳性率为３８．４６％（２０／５２），细菌、真菌性脑膜炎、其它病毒性脑炎组以及无神经系统疾病组均为阴性。作者认为：①本检测是目前单纯疹病毒性脑炎（ＨＳＥ）较为简便而准确的早期诊断方法之一；②ＨＳＶ分型检测，对病原诊断更具有全面性；③两型单纯疱疹病毒均可引起ＨＳＥ。     

急性视神经炎47例临床分析

分析了1984～1993年期间47例经治的急性视神经炎患者。治疗应用地塞米松10mg、青霉素480万u静脉点滴7天，随后减量。结果治愈35例（74．47％），好转6例（12．76％），无效2例（4．26％），转院及自动出院各2例。47例中11例治疗效果不好者行筛窦开放术后，视力逐渐恢复正常，显示筛窦开放术有其临床实用价值。     

Anatomic and spiral computed tomographic study of the genial tubercles for genioglossus advancement.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare Chinese mandibular genial tubercles measured anatomically and with computed tomography (CT). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Spiral CT scans were taken of 40 adult human skulls; the superior genial spines were measured using anatomic and CT methods. RESULTS: The height and width of the superior genial spines, mandible thickness, and distance from the menton to the inferior and superior margins of the superior genial spines were 5.82 +/- 0.71, 6.98 +/- 1.35, 11.95 +/- 1.59, 11.08 +/- 2.05, and 16.91 +/- 2.30 mm from anatomic measurements and 6.17 +/- 0.71, 7.01 +/- 1.13, 12.19 +/- 1.64, 10.41 +/- 1.55, and 15.73 +/- 2.12 mm using spiral CT, respectively. The anatomic and CT measurements were correlated. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT of the genial tubercles can help locate the osteotomy in genioglossus advancement. SIGNIFICANCE: This study acquired reference data on Chinese genial tubercles demonstrating that CT measurements of the genial tubercles reflect their anatomy, which should allow accurately locate the osteotomy.     

Ultrastructural features of the muscle fibers in congenital hypothyroidism

Summary Muscles of three patients (2 years, 2 years and 7 months, and 11 years of age) affected by congenital hypothyroidism due to dysgenesis of the thyroid gland were studied by electron microscope. The biopsies were performed on the quadriceps muscle. Several alterations were found in the ultrastructure of the muscle fibers. The contractile material underwent atrophy by two recessive processes: by reduction and by degeneration. The former, which affected mainly the white fibers, led to the progressive detachment of myofilaments from the periphery of the myofibrils while they maintainad a normal arrangement in the center. Consequently, their diameter decreased and their interfibrillar spaces enlarged. The latter enlargment, involving the red fibers, caused areas of dedifferentiation involving either the contractile apparatus or the other cell organelles. Modifications of the sarcolemma and basement membrane were seen in the fibers affected by the atrophying processes of the contractile material. Changes of the ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and of the T system were observed with numerous morphological abnormalities of the mitochondria. In addition, accumulation of glycogen and striking changes of the satellite cells were found. The ultrastructural findings are reviewed and discussed in relation to the literature on hypothyroid myopathy.