巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的:探讨巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤(giant subserous hysteromyoma,GSH)的CT与MRI表现,以期提高诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析15例GSH的CT平扫、增强扫描及14例MRI平扫1、0例增强扫描表现并与手术病理结果对照。结果:5例CT表现呈非均匀实性的GSH在增强后内部呈多个大小不等的结节状改变,其间可见分隔结构,4例呈非均匀实性的GSH增强后呈"漩涡状"混杂密度,3例GSH瘤体边缘见低密度带。MRI T1WI所有肌瘤表现为等、低信号,T2WI表现为低或混杂信号,5例瘤体内部为结节状改变,其间可见高信号分隔结构,7例瘤体边缘见低信号带。结论:GSH的CT与MRI表现有一定的特征性,具有较高的诊断价值。     

停跳或不停跳心脏手术对血清 S-100B蛋白表达的影响

【目的】研究心脏手术围术期血清S-100B蛋白表达及其与停跳或不停跳心肺转流方式和时间的关系。【方法】体外循环心脏手术患者23例,测转流前、转流10min、转流末、转流后24h的血清S-100B蛋白表达水平。【结果】①血清S-100B蛋白质量浓度在体外循环前后动态变化:转流前(M)为0.27μg/L,转流10min后升至0.57μg/L(P<0.01),转流末达峰值1.80μg/L(P<0.01),转流后24h降为0.22μg/L(P>0.05)。转流末的血清S-100B蛋白质量浓度与转流时间呈正相关(r=0.488,P<0.05)。②停跳组(n=6)转流前、转流10min、转流末、转流后24h平均血清S-100B蛋白质量浓度分别为(0.17±0.09)μg/L、(0.48±0.13)μg/L、(1.65±0.52)μg/L和(0.19±0.04)μg/L,不停跳组(n=6)分别为(0.26±0.14)μg/L、(0.71±0.41)μg/L、(1.59±0.84)μg/L和(0.23±0.11)μg/L,两组差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】体外循环可导致血清S-100B蛋白表达增高,其表达水平与心肺转流时间呈正相关,但与停跳或不停跳转流方式无关。     

床边纤维支气管镜检查在可疑院内获得性肺炎诊断中的意义

目的评价床边纤维支气管镜检查在可疑院内获得性肺炎诊断中的意义。方法对25例可疑院内获得性肺炎患者进行床边纤维支气管镜检查，同时进行痰标本和支气管肺泡灌洗液标本涂片细菌检测和培养。结果1例为肺出血，2例肺不张，1例肺水肿；21例为院内获得性肺炎，其中14例(72．7％)细菌培养阳性，革兰阴性杆菌占57．1％(12／21)，以铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属、嗜麦芽假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌最常见，革兰阳性球菌2例(9．5％)，主要是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。痰涂片和支气管肺泡灌洗液涂片阳性者分别为3例和10例。支气管肺泡灌洗液细菌涂片阳性率和细菌培养阳性率均高于痰标本(P=0．02和P=0．005)。结论床边纤维支气管镜检查有助除外疑似院内获得性肺炎的非感染性疾病。支气管肺泡灌洗液标本病原学检测优于痰标本。     

Implantation of Active Can Implantable Defibrillators in the right Pectoral Region

Routinely the active can ICD is placed in the left side pectoral position, which theoretically gives optimal conditions for a low defibrillation threshold. Some patients, bowever, demand a right pectoral position, which possibly could result in a bigger defibrillation threshold. A right pectoral position was used in 3 of 85 active can ICDs implanted in our institution from 1994. the DFT was 12 J in two and 18 f in one patient. Thus, right pectoral implantation is feasible and offers an alternative approach in selected patients.     

Effects of Pharmacological Autonomic Blockade on Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways Physiology in Patients with Slow-Fast Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the atrioventricular AV nodal physiology and the inducibility of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) under pharmacological autonomic blockade (AB). Seventeen consecutive patients (6 men and 11 women, mean age 39 ± 17 years) with clinical recurrent slow-fast AVNRT received electrophysiological study before and after pharmacological AB with atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.2 mg/kg). In baseline, all 17 patients could be induced with AVNRT, 5 were isoproterenol-dependent. After pharmacological AB, 12 (71 %) of 17 patients still demonstrated AV nodal duality. AVNRT became noninducible in 7 of 12 nonisoproterenol dependent patients and remained noninducible in all 5 isoproterenol dependent patients. The sinus cycle length (801 ± 105 ms vs 630 ± 80 ms, P < 0.005) and AV blocking cycle length (365 ± 64 ms vs 338 ± 61 ms, P < 0.005) became shorter after AB. The antegrade effective refractory period and functional refractory period of the fast pathway (369 ± 67 ms vs 305 ± 73 ms, P < 0.005; 408 ± 56 ms vs 350 ± 62 ms, P < 0.005) and the slow pathway (271 ± 30 ms vs 258 ± 27 ms, P < 0.01; 344 ± 60 ms vs 295 ± 50 ms, P < 0.005) likewise became significantly shortened. However, the ventriculoatrial blocking cycle length (349 ± 94 ms vs 326 ± 89 ms, NS) and effective refractory period of retrograde fast pathway (228 ± 38 ms vs 240 ± 80 ms, NS) remained unchanged after autonomic blockade. Pharmacological AB unveiling the intrinsic AV nodal physiology could result in the masking of AV nodal duality and the decreased inducibility of clinical AVNRT.     

肿瘤患者医院感染的分析与预防措施

目的了解肿瘤科医院感染特点,为临床减少肿瘤患者感染提供参考信息。方法以主动监测与系统回顾相结合的方法,对2005年全年入住肿瘤科2 679例患者的临床资料进行统计、分析、评定。结果2 679例肿瘤患者发生医院感染120例次,医院例次感染率为4.47%,其中感染1次者179例、2次者31例、≥3次者10例;以呼吸道感染占首位,其中上呼吸道38例、下呼吸道36例,其次为消化道10例、血液9例、手术切口感染8例、泌尿道6例和其他部位感染13例。结论提高机体免疫力、控制内源性感染,是预防与控制肿瘤患者感染的主要措施。     

高渗盐水与甘露醇对颅脑手术患者脑氧代谢的影响

目的 比较3％高渗盐水（HTS）与20％甘露醇对颅脑手术患者脑氧代谢的影响。方法 择期大脑半球胶质瘤切除术患者40例，ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级，随机分为2组（n=20）：3％HTS组（HTS组）和20％甘露醇组（M组）。采用静吸复合麻醉，呼气末异氟醚浓度为1 MAC、血液动力学稳定15．min后，分别于15 min内静脉输注3％HTS 5．35 ml／kg或20％，甘露醇1 g／kg。L3，4珠网膜下腔置管测脑脊液压力（CSFP），行右颈静脉球穿刺置管、采血，测定颈静脉球氧饱和度。分别于输注前（T0）、输注完即刻（T1）、输注完15min（T2）、30min（T3）、60min（T4）、120min（T5）监测CSFP;于T0、T3-T5时监测平均动脉压，采集颈静脉球部和桡动脉血，进行血气分析，计算动脉-静脉氧含量差（Da-jvO2）、脑氧摄取率（CERO2）。结果 与T0比较，2组CSFP在T2-T5时降低，Da-jvO2和CERO2在T4，5时降低（P〈0．05）;与M组比较，HTS组CSFP在T2时降低（P〈0．05）。结论 3％HTS与20%甘露醇均可有效地降低颅内压，改善颅脑手术患者的脑氧代谢。     

假单胞菌胆固醇酯酶的生产Ⅰ.菌种筛选和发酵条件的研究

通过平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,从371株菌中筛得一株有工业生产价值的胆固醇酯酶产生菌,并对它进行了发酵条件的研究。用所获得的胆固醇酯酶配制的三酶试剂具有良好的稳定性,适用于临床检测。