经动脉化疗栓塞同步微波消融与序贯联合微波消融治疗肝细胞癌的预后对比

目的 比较经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）同步联合微波消融（MWA）与TACE序贯联合MWA治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）的有效性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院单中心2016年2月至2021年3月间行TACE同步或序贯联合MWA治疗的HCC患者临床资料。主要观察指标为无进展生存（PFS）时间和3、6及12个月总体生存（OS）率,次要观察指标为消融针次、消融时间、肿瘤反应及并发症发生率。结果共63例患者纳入本研究,同步组29例,序贯联合组34例。两组患者的PFS时间[同步组（7.4±2.4）个月 vs序贯组（6.2±3.6）个月],3、6、12个月OS率（同步组100%、100%、96.6% vs 序贯组100%、97.1%、91.2%）,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。同步组平均消融针次[（1.5±0.5）次]及消融时间[（9.9±3.9）min]均低于序贯组（[ 2.1±0.7）次、（14.6±4.5）min],均存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。两组患者肿瘤客观反应率（同步组79.4% vs 序贯组73.5%）和肿瘤控制率（同步组89.7% vs 序贯组88.2%）无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组患者不良反应及并发症发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 本研究初步结果显示TACE同步联合或序贯联合MWA两种方式均能有效控制HCC肿瘤进展,在近期疗效方面无差异。与序贯联合相比,TACE同步联合MWA治疗能减少消融针次及消融时间,且未增加并发症发生率。     

肺动态顺应性导向呼气末正压滴定法用于肺保护性通气策略的研究进展

肺保护性通气策略是全麻气管插管管理的重点之一,有助于提高患者术中氧合,减少肺部损伤和并发症的发生,改善患者预后。在肺保护性通气策略中,小潮气量、呼气末正压（PEEP）和肺复张的应用已得到广泛认可,但关于PEEP的具体设置和使用尚无一致意见。近年来肺动态顺应性导向PEEP滴定法已成为该领域的研究热点,此方法能够针对不同个体制定出合适的通气策略,对患者的肺组织起到一定保护作用。本文以肺保护性通气策略为基础,对肺动态顺应性导向PEEP滴定法的研究现状做一综述。     

科素亚联合血塞通软胶囊治疗胡桃夹综合征38例的疗效观察

目的探讨科素亚联合血塞通软胶囊治疗胡桃夹综合征(NCS)的临床疗效。方法回顾性对照分析我科2008年6-月—2014年3月经超声检查确诊的38例NCS患者,应用科素亚联合血塞通软胶囊治疗前及治疗3个月后的临床资料,并进行统计学比较。结果经过3个月的药物治疗,NCS患者的蛋白尿、血尿症状、左肾静脉内径及血流参数指标较治疗前均有明显好转。结论科素亚联合血塞通软胶囊治疗NCS疗效显著。     

Knowledge of intensive care unit nurses about medical device-related pressure injury and analysis of influencing factors

To investigate ICU nurses' knowledge level with regard to device-related pressure injuries in northern, central, and southern China and analyse its influencing factors. A total of 261 ICU nurses participated in this cross-sectional survey A convenience sampling method was used to select ICU nurses as respondents from one hospital in each of the six cities of Taiyuan, Wuhan, Xianning, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Huizhou. Data were collected using the MDRPI Knowledge Questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the investigators based on a summary of evidence of MDRPI, which has been reviewed and validated by experts. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS software. The average rate of the correct response about MDRPI was 60.54% (15.74 ± 2.90). The lowest percentage of correct responses was on the “concept and staging” dimension rated 28% (0.56 ± 0.67). The “skin assessment” dimension rated 39.2% (1.57 ± 0.84). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the MDRPI knowledge of ICU nurses included hospital grade, the highest educational attainment, whether or not they had wound care certification, when they last attended MDRPI training or lectures, and whether or not they had attended MDRPI training or lectures. The level of knowledge of nurses about MDRPI was insufficient. Training of ICU nurses on MDRPI should be emphasised at the institutional level. MDRPI training contents should be based on clinical evidence and updated timely. There is a need to focus on the training of wound care certification and education.     

酸性可调的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备

目的制备具有酸性自中和能力的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]微球,用于可注射组织工程支架材料或药物释放。方法用二次乳化的方法,将具有缓冲能力的三聚磷酸盐(TPP)包埋于PLGA微球内,制备出PLGA/TPP的复合微球。结果PLGA与TPP以64:1的摩尔比混合时,所制备的PLGA/TPP微球在降解过程中能很好地维持pH值中性,在降解28 d后周围pH值仍为6.93,远高于同样条件下单纯PLGA降解时周围的pH值6.66(P<0.05)。TPP盐颗粒的量对PLGA微球的降解影响很大,当TPP的量增加到12:1时,降解时的酸性要比单纯PLGA微球更为严重,在降解28 d后的pH值低于纯的PLGA微球,仅为6.35(P<0.05)。结论具有缓冲能力的TPP的适量加入,能够有效地调节PLGA微球在降解过程中所产生的酸,从而缓解周围环境pH值下降的问题,但当TPP的量超过一定值时,反而加快PLGA微球的降解。     

应用无内膜接触缝合技术治疗心上型全肺静脉异位引流

Objective Retrospectively analyze surgical correction supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous con-nection (TAPVC) using sutureless technique to prevent post-repair pulmonary vein stenosis. Methods Between December 2007 and December 2008, 25 children cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection underwent primary surgical cor-rection. The anatomic types of TAPVC were supra cardiac in nine patients, inha cardiac in one, mixed in 3 and intra cardiac in 12. Five of nine supra cardiac TAPVC underwent correction using sutureless technique. There were 2 male and 3 female. Their age at surgeries ranged from 2 months to 13 years, and the body weight were from 4.5 kg to 2.1 kg with an average of (7.9±6.4) kg. After median sternotomy and opening the pericardium, the heart was arrested by delivering cold crystal ear-dioplegia. The heart was then positioned toward the patient' s right and under the right henri sternum. A generous incision across the posterior wall of the left atrium and one on the common pulmonary vein was made. The latter was extended upwards to the midpoint of the vertical vein. The left atrium was subsequently connected to the pulmonary venous confluence by suturing the edge of the atrium to the posterior mediastinal pericardium that surrounding the common pulmonary vein and the vertical vein with 7-0 PDS. The vertical vein was partially ligated after conclusion of CPB, leaving a diameter of 5mm shunt. Routine follow-up with echocardiogram were at diacharging, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results All 5 cases survived uneventfully excopt 1 baby on ventilation over 7 days after surgery, who had bilateral lung consolidation before the operation. Echocardiogram showed satisfactory results with maxium velocity acrossing the anastomosis of 0.65 -0.85 m/s. Conclusion Sutureleas technique can avoid trauma to the pulmonary venous endothelium and minimize the tension of anastomasis. It may play an important role to prevent post-repair pulmonary vein stenosis. More patients with long-term follow-up are necessary to draw a definite conclusion of this technique.     

肩胛盂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛盂骨折的分型、手术治疗指征和方法。方法对8例肩胛盂骨折手术治疗患者临床资料进行分析,根据改良Idebery肩胛盂骨折分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅴ型2例。分别采用切开复位重建钢板和拉力螺钉固定。结果患者均获随访,时间6~41个月,平均14.2个月。根据美国肩肘协会评分标准进行肩关节功能评分,为55~100分,平均85.6分,优5例,良1例,可1例,差1例。结论肩胛骨盂缘骨折块移位≥1 cm、前缘骨折块≥25%、后缘骨折块≥33%,或盂窝骨折肩关节面不平整≥5 mm及盂肱关节不稳定均需手术治疗。对肩胛盂骨折采用改良Idebery分型,有利于指导临床手术治疗,且手术疗效满意。     

非肢体血管瘤手术中阻断血供的应用

目的探讨非肢体血管瘤手术治疗时减少术中出血的方法. 方法 1998年11月～2003年11月共收治非肢体血管瘤49例,其中男21例,女28例,年龄3个月～63岁.毛细血管瘤14例,海绵状血管瘤25例,蔓状血管瘤7例,混合性血管瘤3例.根据血管瘤的性质和不同部位选择不同阻断血供的方法.头面颈部蔓状血管瘤扪清搏动的滋养血管后,于其一侧血管约1 cm处用7号丝线深缝一针,暂时缝扎致血管远端搏动消失再切除血管瘤;腹股沟及大腿上份蔓状血管瘤于瘤体组织近端腹股沟韧带上切开分离出髂总或髂外动脉、或在其远端切开分离出股动脉,通过无创血管夹阻断血流,再切除血管瘤;头面颈部、躯干部的毛细血管瘤及海绵状血管瘤瘤体周围用7号丝线间断缝扎,暂时阻断周围滋养血管,再切除血管瘤. 结果通过阻断血供,血管瘤组织不同程度缩小,术中出血明显减少.术后均获随访6个月～4年,49例中47例完全愈合,无复发,外形满意,功能恢复正常.有2例因术后第2天出血行二次手术止血,术后伤口愈合,功能基本恢复正常. 结论手术切除非肢体血管瘤之前阻断血供可明显减少术中出血,降低手术难度,为尽可能彻底切除血管瘤、减少复发创造了条件.     

医学检验实习虚拟仿真平台构建及量化考核实践

医学生的实习教学环节是医学教育过程中最重要的环节,更是医学生毕业时向社会职业角色顺利过渡的关键,临床医学检验技术专业是一门实践性及技术性很强的学科,它的实习阶段不仅是专业学习的重要组成部分,而且是掌握基本操作技能的关键环节。目前高通量的临床检验工作依赖智能化、自动化仪器完成,而实习考核采用传统的理论考试技能考核方式。本文拟对医学检验专业临床实习虚拟仿真平台构建及量化考核实践进行研究与探索,目的是加深学生对理论知识的把握,提升学生的操作技能,解决以往单一的出科考试评价模式,以提高实习教学质量和评价实习效果。     

基于网络药理学的黄芪抗心力衰竭作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学研究黄芪抗心力衰竭的作用机制。方法 采用活性成分筛选与靶点预测技术,结合生物信息学手段,预测黄芪抗心力衰竭的潜在作用靶点,并进行信号通路分析,从而探讨其治疗心力衰竭的分子机制。结果 在TCMSP数据中搜索筛选得到20个相应黄芪化学成分,同时利用靶点预测技术共筛选出相关靶点121个。同时在疾病基因数据库检索得到10 962个与心力衰竭发生、发展有关的已知靶点基因,利用string数据库和Cytoscape软件中的网络拓扑分析共筛选获取关键靶点8个。GO富集分析显示,黄芪可通过参与细胞能量代谢、血管内环境变化、神经活性配受体作用、激素活性等10个生物功能的PI3K/AKT、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和MAPK/NF-κB等10条关键信号通路发挥抗心力衰竭的作用。结论 中药黄芪抗心力衰竭的作用具有多成分、多靶点、协同作用的特点。